有机凝胶法制备掺杂铬酸镧的纳米粉体

以柠檬酸作络合剂,硝酸盐作起始物,采用有机凝胶法制备掺杂铬酸镧的纳米粉体。用红外光谱分析、热重分析研究纳米粉体的凝胶结构和分解过程。用X射线衍射仪和透射电镜等分析测试手段对凝胶燃烧后的纳米粉体进行表征。实验表明：在前驱体溶液中加入适量乙二醇后,用有机凝胶法得到粒径为50nm左右的LaCrO3粉体。乙二醇在胶凝过程中起到重要的促进作用,使干凝胶分步分解。另外,实验证实了干凝胶煅烧向LaCrO3转变过程中存在过渡相。     

聚合物前驱体法制备铌酸钾钠纳米粉体

采用聚合物前驱体法,以柠檬酸(CA)为络合剂,乙二醇(EG)为酯化剂合成了纳米级(Na0.35K0.65)NbO3。研究了乙二醇用量对聚合物前驱体稳定性的影响,结果表明n(EG):n(CA)为2时能得到稳定凝胶,与乙二醇和柠檬酸聚酯化反应得到凝胶的理论配比一致。XRD分析表明聚合物前驱体在650℃煅烧2h可制得平均晶粒尺寸为24nm左右,纯单斜相结构的(Na0.35K0.65)NbO3纳米粉体,该合成温度比传统固相法降低了约300℃。     

纳米β-BiNbO4 粉体的低温合成

对低温合成纳米β—BiNbO4粉体进行了研究。以Bi和Nb的柠檬酸盐为初始原料，采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过控制适当的pH值、温度等条件，可在600℃的低温下热分解获得高温相纳米β—BiNbO4粉体,比普通固相法采用的温度低400℃左右。用红外光谱，热重-差热分析，X射线衍射，液氮吸附法以及透射电镜等手段来表征BiNbO4的柠糠酸盐前驱体及煅烧后粉体的各项特性.结果表明：用柠糠酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制得的β—BiNbO4粉体平均粒径约75nm。比表面积达12．42m^2／g。对形成β—BiNbO4粉体的形成过程及机理进行了初步分析.     

聚合物前驱体法低温制备铌酸钾钠超细粉体

以柠檬酸为配位剂与金属离子配合,水作为溶剂,乙二醇为酯化剂,通过聚合物前驱体法制备(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3粉体.研究了柠檬酸(CA)和乙二醇(EG)的用量和pH值对溶胶性能的影响.采用XRD和TG-DSC研究了(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3晶相的形成过程,用SEM对所制得粉体的表面形貌进行了分析.结果表明:当前驱体溶胶的pH值为7.5,n(CA):n(metalion)=3:1,n(CA):n(EC)=1:2时,可以获得稳定性好的溶胶.凝胶前驱体在加热过程中先反应生成NaNbO3和K2Nb8O21,然后二者固相反应形成K0.5Na0.5NbO3.大部分晶粒呈方形的粒状,少数颗粒呈长柱状.讨论了晶粒形貌的形成原因.     

SOFC连接材料掺杂铬酸镧粉体的合成

采用EDTA螯合剂,柠檬酸-乙二醇复合络合剂,用低温燃烧法制备了掺杂铬酸镧粉体。通过TG-DTA、XRD、SEM和TEM等检测手段对前驱体的热性能、粉体的物相和形貌进行了分析。结果表明：当EDTA的pH值为6.5-7.0时,与Ca、Sr离子单独螯合,经800℃煅烧得到La0.8Ca0.1Sr0.1CrO3高活性粉体。     

聚合物前驱体法制备ZnTiO3粉体的影响因素

聚合物前驱体法已成为制备微波介质陶瓷重要方法之一.本文以制备ZnTiO3粉体为例,系统地研究了pH值,乙二醇与柠檬酸的摩尔比和柠檬酸与金属离子的摩尔比对ZnTiO3晶相的形成过程和显微结构的影响.pH值5～6之间时,能形成淡黄色透明溶胶;乙二醇与柠檬酸的摩尔比为2时,前驱体树脂为多孔的海绵状;柠檬酸与金属离子的摩尔比为2,前驱体合成的ZnTiO3粉体最佳.     

单相BaTi4O9柠檬酸凝胶法制备及烧结特性

本文采用柠檬酸凝胶法制备了单相的BaTi_4O_9。干凝胶在750℃煅烧得到了物相为BaTi_5O_(11)和Ba_4Ti_(13)O_(30)、尺寸约为30～50nm前驱体粉体,纳米前驱体粉体在1200℃煅烧2h获得了单相的BaTi_4O_9。单相BaTi_4O_9粉体具有优良的烧结性能,在1250℃烧结保温4h,致密度达到了理论密度的97%。     

Sm掺杂BaTiO3纳米粉体的制备与表征

以钛酸四丁酯与醋酸钡为钛酸钡前驱体,PEG为分散剂,硝酸钐为掺杂物种给体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备改性的Sm掺杂BaTiO3纳米粉体。样品经X射线衍射(XRD)与差热-热重联用(DSC-TGA)的方法对其进行了表征。研究了煅烧温度与分散剂对BaTiO3粉体粒径与相的影响。结果表明:立方相在700～850℃生成,前驱体经950℃热处理制得后呈四方相BaTiO3。分散剂PEG可抑制BaTiO3晶粒增长;随煅烧温度升高,粉体粒径增大。适量Sm掺杂可以抑制杂质BaCO3相的形成。     

铌酸锂铁电薄膜的制备与表征

采用柠檬酸盐法制备铌酸锂铁电薄膜。探讨了柠檬酸（CA）和乙二醇（EG）的用量、pH和水浴温度等工艺参数对溶胶性能的影响。采用XRD和TG—DTA研究了铌酸锂（LiNbO3）晶相的形成过程，用XRD和AFM对所制得薄膜的物相组成和表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明，当前驱体溶胶的pH为7．5，水浴温度大于80℃，n（CA）：n（Li＋Nb）=3：1，n（CA）：n（EG）=1：2时，可以获得稳定性好的溶胶。薄膜经缓慢升温至800℃热处理，可以获得单相、表面光滑、晶粒大小均匀、晶粒大小为70nm的LiNbO3铁电薄膜。     

La_(1-x)K_xMnO_3纳米粉体的制备与表征

以硝酸镧、硝酸锰、硝酸钾为原料,以去离子水为溶剂,柠檬酸为络合剂,氨水调节溶液pH值,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La_(1-x)K_xMnO_3纳米粉体。用综合热分析仪确定前躯体的煅烧温度,用X射线衍射仪来表征粉体的晶体结构,用扫描电镜来表征粉体的微观形貌。结果表明:当K掺杂量为0.2时,前驱体在700℃煅烧2h能够得到单一晶相的La_(0.8)K_(0.2)MnO_3粉体,粉体为球状颗粒,分布较均匀,平均晶粒尺寸为25nm左右。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。