聚酰基硫脲树脂对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

采用对苯二甲酰基二异硫氰酸酯与苯二胺通过界面缩聚反应制备了含有硫脲基团的螯合树脂。通过静态吸附方法,考察了不同的pH值、时间、温度以及Cu2+的初始浓度条件下树脂对Cu2+的吸附性能,初步探讨了树脂对Cu2+的吸附热力学和动力学。结果表明,吸附过程符合Boyd液膜扩散方程,液膜扩散为吸附主要控制步骤;等温吸附可较好符合Langmuir吸附模型,吸附过程为单分子层吸附;吸附容量随温度的升高而增加,吸附为吸热过程。     

聚酰基硫脲树脂对Cu^2＋的吸附性能研究

采用对苯二甲酰基二异硫氰酸酯与苯二胺通过界面缩聚反应制备了含有硫脲基团的螯合树脂。通过静态吸附方法,考察了不同的pH值、时间、温度以及Cu^2＋的初始浓度条件下树脂对Cu^2＋的吸附性能,初步探讨了树脂对Cu^2＋的吸附热力学和动力学。结果表明,吸附过程符合Boyd液膜扩散方程,液膜扩散为吸附主要控制步骤;等温吸附可较好符合Langmuir吸附模型,吸附过程为单分子层吸附;吸附容量随温度的升高而增加,吸附为吸热过程。     

D401大孔树脂吸附锰铁混合液中Fe~(3+)的热力学和动力学研究

采用D401树脂对锰铁混合液进行静态吸附性能及热力学、动力学研究,考察了Fe3+浓度、pH值和温度等对静态吸附Fe3+的影响,探讨吸附Fe3+的动力学过程,并采用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型对D401树脂吸附Fe3+的静态等温曲线进行了拟合。结果表明,在pH=1.5,温度313 K,Fe3+的最大静态吸附量是115.7 mg/g;D401对Fe3+吸附遵循Langmuir方程;△H Fe3+>0,ΔG Fe3+<0,表明D401对Fe3+的吸附是自发吸热过程;D401树脂对Fe3+的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程,颗粒扩散过程是吸附的控速步骤。静态吸附实验表明,D401大孔树脂能有效的对锰铁混合液中铁锰离子进行分离。     

LSC-500螯合树脂精制癸二酸的吸附动力学研究

针对清洁生产工艺中癸二酸裂解液Fe(Ⅲ)含量过高问题,选用LSC-500型螯合树脂,在恒温振荡器中采用间歇式搅拌法考察了树脂吸附平衡时间、溶液初始质量浓度、吸附温度等因素对吸附分离过程速率的影响.实验表明当吸附时间达60 min时,树脂的吸附率达80％,180 min时基本达到吸附平衡.此外,为了进一步探究癸二酸单钠盐...     

高铝粉煤灰碱法提铝过程镓的吸附研究

我国内蒙古中西部以及山西北部地区的高铝粉煤灰中氧化铝含量高达50%以上,伴生的镓含量可达60 mg/kg,是重要的含铝、镓二次资源。为进一步提升高铝粉煤灰资源化利用附加值,实现粉煤灰提铝过程低浓度含镓溶液的高效提取,本文基于高铝粉煤灰预脱硅拜耳-亚熔盐联合法提铝工艺中的含镓碱液体系,研究了含镓模型溶液中镓离子的静态吸附规律,系统考察了不同吸附时间、吸附温度、镓初始浓度以及碱浓度对螯合树脂吸附镓离子的影响,完成了吸附动力学与吸附等温线的考察,并采用吸附柱进行了低浓度含镓碱液动态吸附及淋洗试验验证。静态吸附试验结果表明:采用LSC-600型螯合吸附树脂可实现低浓度含镓碱液中镓离子的高效吸附,树脂的平衡吸附容量随静态吸附时间增大而增大,吸附24 h后树脂吸附容量达到平衡;镓离子初始浓度低于400 mg/L,树脂的平衡吸附容量受吸附温度影响较小,在镓离子浓度高于400 mg/L体系中,树脂的平衡吸附容量随吸附温度升高而降低,其中吸附温度为50℃时树脂对镓离子的平衡吸附容量最大;随含镓碱液碱浓度增加,螯合树脂对镓离子的吸附容量先增大后减小,螯合树脂对镓离子的平衡吸附容量随镓离子初始浓度增大而增大,镓离子初始浓度高于1 200 mg/L时树脂吸附容量达到饱和,吸附温度为50℃,镓离子初始浓度为1 200 mg/L,碱浓度为5 mol/L时树脂的最大吸附容量为36 mg/g。动力学拟合结果表明:碱体系树脂对镓离子的吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程,属于化学吸附过程;吸附等温线拟合结果表明,LSC-600型螯合树脂对镓离子的吸附满足Langmuir等温方程,说明镓离子的螯合吸附过程为单层吸附。树脂的动态吸附和淋洗结果表明,液体流速越大,树脂达到吸附平衡时的穿透床层数越小,树脂对镓离子的吸附容量和吸附率均较低,镓离子初始浓度50 mg/L,吸附温度为50℃,吸附流速为2. 5 BV/h时,树脂对低浓度含镓碱液吸附效果最优,最大吸附容量为3. 13 mg/g,淋洗过程淋洗液镓离子浓度随着床层数增加先增大后降低,淋洗流出液达到0. 7 BV时镓浓度最高为1 936mg/L,高浓度段(0. 3～1. 5 BV)溶液中镓离子浓度为1 248 mg/L,富集倍数达25倍。     

天然沸石对溶液中氨氮的吸附性能

实验测定了天然沸石对氨氮的动力学吸附曲线、热力学吸附等温线、吸附前后沸石颗粒界面电性质及红外谱图,得出以下结论:沸石吸附氨氮过程服从Langmuir方程式;15℃～35℃度时温度对吸附量的影响较小;吸附过程交换速率由液膜扩散和粒子扩散共同控制;证实沸石对水溶液中氨氮的吸附以离子交换为主。     

螯合树脂对铜离子的吸附动力学和热力学

针对以谷氨酰胺-铜(II)配合物为供体酶法制备茶氨酸体系,研究了D401螯合树脂对Cu2+的吸附,探讨了吸附过程的热力学和动力学,通过红外光谱鉴定了树脂的配位结构. 结果表明,树脂吸附量随离子浓度和温度升高而增加,当pH为5.6时吸附量最大,达1.887 mmol/g. 不同温度下Langmuir方程均呈现很好的拟合度. 热力学平衡方程计算得DG<0, DH=21.5 kJ/mol, DS>0,表明该吸附过程是自发的、吸热、熵增加的过程. 动力学研究表明,该过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附反应速率由颗粒扩散和液膜扩散共同控制. 该树脂在较宽的pH范围内对Cu2+具有很好的选择吸附性,可用于酶转化茶氨酸体系中Cu2+的去除.     

离子交换树脂在1,3-丙二醇生产中的应用

通过静态吸附和动态脱盐实验,研究了离子交换树脂在1,3-丙二醇脱盐中的应用情况。通过静态吸附实验表明,001×7型树脂吸附能力最大,最佳吸附温度为40℃;通过动态脱盐实验表明,001×7型树脂动态吸附量为1740mg/g。通过树脂的成本、处理能力分析,表明001×7型树脂完全可以应用于生产。     

大孔螯合树脂对Pb2+的吸附行为及机理

通过静态和动态吸附实验,研究了Pb2+在D418树脂上的吸附行为,从热力学和动力学方面对吸附过程进行了分析,并通过红外光谱探讨了吸附机理. 结果表明,在所研究的条件范围内,Pb2+在D418树脂上的吸附是吸热过程,同时符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附方程;液膜扩散为Pb2+在D418树脂上吸附速率的主要控制步骤,随着溶液初始浓度的增大,吸附速率逐渐减小;313 K温度下树脂的静态饱和吸附容量为375 mg/g,在298 K下用3 mol/L的硝酸作为解吸剂,解吸率可达97%;最佳的解吸剂用量为5倍床层体积. 该树脂吸附操作简单,易再生,不产生二次污染,有望用于含铅废水的治理及铅的富集.     

梨多酚在大孔树脂上的吸附性能研究

主要考察大孔树脂对梨多酚的吸附性能,通过静态吸附解吸实验筛选吸附梨多酚的最佳树脂,并利用筛选的树脂进行吸附动力学和吸附等温线研究。实验结果表明,HPD-500和D101树脂具有最好的吸附能力;HPD-500和D101树脂对梨多酚的吸附均在90min左右可达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程;Freundlich吸附等温模型能较好地描述梨多酚在HPD-500和D101树脂上的吸附行为;50%乙醇可用作解吸溶剂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。