全氟磺酸树脂催化合成乙醛缩二乙醇的研究

以乙醛和无水乙醇为原料,废弃的全氟磺酸树脂为催化剂合成乙醛缩二乙醇缩醛,对影响反应的因素进行研究。当醇醛摩尔比为2.4∶1、催化剂用量为3﹪、分子筛作为吸水剂,在3⁵℃反应60min,最高产率达到90.1%。该催化剂绿色环保且易于回收,且重复使用六次以上产率仍可达到89.1%以上。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成已酸乙酯的研究

以己酸和乙醇为原料,采用对甲苯磺酸作催化剂合成己酸乙酯,考察了影响反应的因素。实验结果表明酯化反应的优化条件为己酸、乙醇、对甲苯磺酸摩尔比为1：1．2：0．063,带水剂苯10ml,反应时间70min,产率可达94．44％。     

对甲基苯磺酰氯催化α-萘乙酸甲酯的合成

以对甲基苯磺酰氯为催化剂，α—萘乙酸和甲醇为原料，经酯化直接合成了α—萘乙酸甲酯。研究了催化剂的用量、酸醇比、反应温度及反应时间等因素对反应的影响，通过实验优化，其最佳反应条件：催化剂用量为原料质量的2．8％，酸醇物质的量比为1：10，反应温度80～85℃，反应时间30min。酯的产率为97．2％。     

可膨胀石墨对动物油脂的催化酯交换反应研究

本研究以动物油为原料，可膨胀石墨作催化剂，通过与乙醇的酯交换反应制备了生物柴油。正交试验考察了反应时间、油一醇质量比和催化剂加入量等因素对生物柴油产率的影响。实验确定酯交换反应最佳反应条件为：油醇质量比1：1．5、催化剂用量为油重的20％、反应时间12h、反应温度控制为80℃。极差分析结果表明：反应时间对生物柴油产率的影响最大，其次为催化剂用量及油醇比例。可膨胀石墨的膨胀容积越大，酯交换反应产率越高。加入表面活性剂可以加快反应速度，提高生物柴油产率。加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-4）后，最佳条件下生物柴油产率为0．935g／g。可膨胀石墨可以作为动物油脂与乙醇酯交换反应的催化荆。     

负载型杂多酸催化合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料，负载型杂多酸为催化剂合成了乙酰水杨酸。考察催化剂用量、水杨酸和乙酸酐物料配比、反应时间、温度等因素对反应的影响。结果表明：当n（水杨酸）：n（乙酸酐）为1．0：1．5，催化剂用量为水杨酸质量的5％，71～75℃反应15min，产率达94．2％。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料，采用对甲苯磺酸作催化剂合成了乙酰水杨酸，考察了影响反应的因素。实验结果表明酰化反应的优化条件为水杨酸：乙酸酐：对甲苯磺酸摩尔比为1：2：0．0153，反应20min，反应温度81～85℃，产率达94．44％。     

相转移催化合成乙酸正丁酯

研究了以季铵盐为催化剂，乙酰氯与正丁醇为原料合成乙酸正丁酯的反应，并考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明，当醇酰比为1：1：8。催化剂用量为2．5g，反应温度为10℃，反应时间为20min时，乙酸正丁酯的产率可迭85％以上。     

金属负载型阳离子树脂催化合成琥珀酸单乙酯

采用金属负载型阳离子交换树脂作催化剂,乙醇和丁二酸酐为原料,对琥珀酸单乙酯的合成进行了研究,确定了最佳工艺条件：原料摩尔比n（乙醇）,n（丁二酸酐）=1．3：1,催化剂用量占丁二酸酐用量的15％。反应温度85℃,反应时间90min,乙酸正丁酯的产率达到93％以上。     

无溶剂法合成蔗糖硬脂酸酯的工艺研究

以乙醇代替有毒的甲醇与硬脂酸在酸催化下进行反应制出了硬脂酸乙酯。以硬脂酸乙酯与蔗糖为原料在催化剂和乳化剂的作用下，进行酯交换反应合成出蔗糖硬脂酸酯。详细考察了该合成反应过程中乳化剂、催化剂用量，反应温度，原料配比，反应时间等因素对蔗糖硬脂酸酯产率的影响，得出了较佳合成工艺条件，即硬脂酸乙酯：蔗糖摩尔比为2．15：1，乳化剂与蔗糖质量比为0．1：1，催化剂与反应物料质量比为0．14：1，反应温度－120℃，压力－4．35kPa,反应时间－3.5h。以蔗糖计，蔗糖酯产率约75．2％。此外，还把蔗糖硬脂酸酯制成易挥发衍生物，建立了分析其组成的气相色谱方法。     

甲醛低聚反应研究

以甲缩醛为原料合成聚缩醛二甲醚,考察了催化剂、反应温度、物料配比、反应时『司、搅拌转速等因素对反应的影响。结果表明：以树脂为催化剂,催化剂用量5、vt％左右,甲醛和甲缩醛的摩尔比为1．0～1．5：1,反应温度96～105℃,搅拌转速为600～800r／min,通入的N2初始压力0．8～1．0MPa。在此条件下反应4～6h,反应转化率达到65％左右,选择性为90％左右。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。