基于TDMA机制的工业无线网时间同步算法的改进与实现

基于TDMA机制的MAC层接入协议在工业控制网络的实时性保证方面具有极大的优势。然而要保证该机制微秒级的时隙调度,网络中所有的节点必须保持时间同步的高精度。针对现有的一些同步算法并不能完全满足这种高精度时间同步要求的问题,在传统的时间同步算法基础上,添加时钟漂移预测与补偿机制,改进得到一种具有同步精度高、能量消耗低等优点的同步算法--ITR(Improved Wireless Sensor Networks Time Synchronization Algorithm Based On TPSN and RBS),并在RouterBOARD493G路由节点上进行实验测试。实验结果表明ITR同步算法的平均同步误差比传统同步算法降低了约52%。     

无线自组网融网同步的实现

无线自组网内节点间的时间同步,是网络正常工作的保证。传统时间同步算法只能实现单一网络内节点的同步,无法在多个网络融合时,实现节点间的时间同步。针对该问题,文章提出一种加入融网策略的时间主从同步算法。为保证融网后的网络最优,文章还提出两种不同的IDLE(空闲)状态节点处理方案。仿真实验表明,该算法能够实现多个网络融网下的节点时间同步,方案二中的IDLE节点处理流程可以降低节点的融网时间。     

分簇式无线传感器网络睡眠调度机制研究

提出了一个容忍节点失效和时间同步误差的簇内睡眠调度算法JCSS(Intra-Cluster Sleeping scheduling),该算法不需要外部的精确时间同步机制,对不同类型的节点采用不同的调度机制,在对时间同步的估计中考虑了误差和更新.仿真实验显示在密集部署的网络环境中,该睡眠调度算法在满足网络传输性能的情况下,相对于无同步的固定时间间隔调度和有同步的固定时间间隔调度,网络生存周期分别提高了16.7%和10.5%.     

分簇型无线传感器网络时间同步机制的研究

提出了一种基于分簇型网络结构的时间同步算法。算法的主要思想是通过在簇建立阶段利用LEACH优化算法优化网络拓扑结构,降低网络的跳数,从而降低了时间同步精度由于跳数增加而导致的误差积累,为时间同步算法提供一个良好的网络结构。在LEACH优化算法中,簇首选取机制融入簇首节点的剩余能量和密度因子,并且提出了助理簇首节点用以均衡簇首节点的能量消耗。同时在时间同步阶段,采用双向时间同步机制和单向广播时间机制。实验仿真证明,提出的时间同步算法降低了网路的跳数,提高了时间同步精度,降低了节点的能量消耗,提高了网路的运行时间,具有一定的实用价值。     

一种低功耗的多跳无线传感网时间同步算法

高精度低功耗的时间同步对于无线传感网络至关重要,文中重点分析了高精度时间同步算法,发现其在多跳网络时间同步过程中由于每跳范围内所有节点均要广播时间同步包,会产生大量的冗余信息。为降低同步功耗,提出了一种新方法,通过调节发射功率,筛选出每一跳范围内的周边节点,使其完成下一跳范围的时间同步,而非周边节点只接受却不发送时间同步包。最后,针对改进的算法在OMNet++上进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明,改进后的算法能够有效地降低全网能量消耗。     

协同作战系统的时间同步

协同作战中需要高精度的时间同步将各站点在同一时间获得的信息融合,从而获得精确的敌方目标态势图来作出相应的对策。结合传统算法TPSN中的同步封包交换及FPST中的根节点动态选取,设计在无GPS授时状态下,协同作战系统中适用的时间同步算法及具体的同步方案。保证了同步网络的健壮性及伸缩性,其理论上可达到的同步精度符合协同作战的需求。     

基于IEEE1588协议的精确时钟同步算法改进

本文详细分析了IEEE1588时钟同步的基本原理,并在此基础上给出一种改进的时间同步方法.该改进的时钟同步算法针对网络传输路径的不对称性引入加权因子,用一定时间窗内的主从时钟偏差样本的算术平均值而不是直接利用主从时钟偏差来调整从时钟,并根据算法的状态改变时间窗N的大小,同时利用方差阈值滤波的方法过滤跳变过大时钟偏差测量值,保证同步算法的稳定性.最后给出Alcatel-Lucent TSS5R系统在实验室的时间性能实验结果.实验结果表明TSS5R时钟同步具有稳定的性能,同步精度达到亚微秒级,可满足PTN产品高精度时钟同步的要求.     

无线躯体传感器网络中低能耗的时间同步算法

时间同步是无线躯体传感器网络(WBSN)的一项支撑技术.文章针对WBSN能源有限的问题,提出了一种改进的时间同步算法.该算法结合基准节点单向广播机制和成对双向消息传递机制,在保证一定同步精度的前提下,减少消息传递次数,降低通信开销,达到了低能耗的要求.最后进行仿真验证了算法性能.     

水下传感器网络时间同步技术综述

 时间同步是传感器节点协同工作的基础.水下传感器网络由于采用水声通信方式,具有不同于陆地无线传感器网络的特点,为时间同步算法研究带来了新的挑战.论文首先说明同步问题与同步算法的形式化定义,然后讨论水下传感器网络不同于陆地传感器网络的特点,并指出相关特点对于同步问题的影响;接着综述陆地传感器网络同步算法的研究进展,分析相关算法用于水下环境的不足;进而介绍水下传感器网络同步算法的研究进展,并通过仿真实验完成了相关算法的性能对比;最后总结水下传感器网络时间同步的关键问题,指出进一步的研究方向.     

分布式POS时间同步算法及软件设计

分布式POS是一种基于惯性/卫星组合技术的柔性基线多节点高精度时空测量系统,是多任务航空遥感载荷高精度成像的关键装置。为了实现分布式POS系统高精度数据融合,该文设计了分布式POS数据采集以及数据融合的时间同步算法,设计分布式POS传递对准算法,编写分布式POS数据处理电路软件,并对算法进行车载实验验证。实验结果表明,分布式POS时间同步算法实现了分布式POS各节点位置、速度、姿态信息的高精度测量。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks