静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的进展及应用

简述了静电纺丝的制备原理和影响静电纺丝纤维成形的主要工艺因素;介绍了静电纺丝法制备高分子聚合物、生物大分子、无机物纳米纤维的最新进展,以及这些纳米纤维在过滤、传感器、超疏水性材料、生物医用功能材料、纳米模板等领域的应用;指出静电纺丝制备纳米连续长丝技术亟待发展。     

静电纺纳米纤维的应用

综述了静电纺纳米纤维在保护性服用材料、传感器、过滤防护材料、高分子纳米模板、纳米复合改性材料、航空航天等方面的应用;详述了在生物医用材料方面的应用;展望了静电纺丝纳米纤维的发展前景;指出应继续研发具有特殊性能的静电纺纳米纤维新产品,扩大其应用领域,最终实现成果产业化。     

静电纺纳米纤维修饰电极的研究进展

静电纺丝纳米纤维较传统纳米材料有许多独特的性能,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极的研究是其新热点;按修饰方法的不同,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极分为直接修饰和非直接修饰电极两大类。综合近年来国内外的静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极相关研究,阐述了静电纺丝技术直接修饰电极、静电纺丝技术非直接修饰电极的相关纳米纤维材料的制备、特性及应用;指出由于静电纺丝纳米材料的多样化与优异性,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极具有灵活性与灵敏性,其在生物传感器、生物芯片、染料电池等方面的应用极具开发潜力,在未来多个领域和研究中发挥重要作用。     

静电纺无机纳米纤维的研究进展

综述了静电纺丝制备无机纳米纤维的最新研究进展,主要介绍了电纺氧化物纳米纤维和多组分纳米纤维的研究进展,说明了各种无机纳米纤维的特性、应用前景,并且指出其不足以及今后研究的主要方向.     

天然高分子静电纺纳米纤维的研究进展

介绍了静电纺丝的原理及利用静电纺丝方法制备天然高分子纳米纤维的最新研究进展,主要介绍了海藻酸钠、天然纤维素、透明质酸、明胶、胶原蛋白、甲壳素及其衍生物等几种主要的天然高分子静电纺纤维的研究进展,并指出它们在生物医学领域的重要应用。     

静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维的研究现状

纳米级纤维具有优良的机械性能和高比表面积等特性.以静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维为研究对象,根据其表观形态分别介绍了一维特殊结构纳米纤维、二维特殊结构纳米纤维膜、三维结构纳米纤维气凝胶等,并阐述了各种结构的形成机理.总结了近年来国内外采用静电纺丝技术制备特殊结构纳米纤维的调控方法,如改变溶液性质(溶液浓度、黏度、表面张力、电导...     

静电纺聚酰亚胺纳米纤维的制备及其应用

综述了静电纺聚酰亚胺纳米纤维不同制备方法及各自优缺点,对静电纺聚酰亚胺纳米纤维的改性,提高其力学性能、热稳定性及其它特性,以及聚酰亚胺纳米纤维的潜在应用领域。综述表明,寻找适合的溶剂是实现一步法静电纺高性能聚酰亚胺纳米纤维的关键,通过改性调控可提高其热稳定性和力学性能。     

静电纺丝聚合物纳米纤维研究进展

将静电纺丝技术应用到高分子材料研究中,可以制备聚合物纳米纤维,在众多领域有广阔的应用前景。从静电纺丝聚合物纳米纤维原理、有序性、应用的角度,简述其研究进展,并指出一些仍待解决的问题,同时对电纺聚合物纳米纤维未来发展进行了展望。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维在特殊领域的研究现状和应用

综合阐述了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的工艺变量以及静电纺丝纳米纤维在特殊领域的研究和应用现状。研究表明:静电纺丝是在静电场作用下将聚合物溶液(或熔体)从喷头喷射出制备纳米纤维的工艺过程,纤维直径从几微米到<100nm,具有独特功能的纳米结构,可广泛应用于导电纤维、生物医用高分子材料等特殊领域。     

PA6静电纺纳米纤维

讨论了PA6静电纺丝工艺,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察纤维的形态结构,研究了影响PA6静电纺丝 的因素及其对所形成纤维的形态、直径的影响。结果表明,在甲酸溶液中,PA6质量分数为8％、电压值为15 kV、喷丝头到收集板的垂直距离为20 cm是PA6静电纺丝的最佳工艺条件,可得到直径小于100 nm的PA6 纳米纤维。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维的制备工艺及其应用

简述了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的原理;探讨了静电纺丝电压、流速、接收距离、溶剂浓度等工艺条件;介绍了同轴静电纺丝制备皮芯结构的超细纤维及中空纤维技术以及静电纺丝纳米纤维毡在生物医药方面的应用。指出静电纺丝纳米纤维材料在生物医用方面具有广阔的应用前景,进一步实现低压纺丝、开发无毒溶剂,控制同轴静电纺丝纳米纤维的释放性能是今后静电纺丝的研发方向。     

静电纺丝法制备图案化纳米纤维集合体的研究进展

综述了静电纺丝法制备图案化纳米纤维集合体的方法。研究进展表明,主要是通过不同的收集装置和飞秒激光法制备图案化纳米纤维集合体,该集合体的形成改变了材料的表面形貌,赋予材料在组织工程支架方面潜在的应用价值。     

静电纺特殊形貌纳米纤维的应用研究进展

特殊形貌的纳米纤维可以通过控制静电纺丝过程工艺及参数条件来制备。特殊形貌的纳米纤维具有比普通纳米纤维更大的比表面积和更高的孔隙率,以及掺杂各类有机/无机材料后赋予纤维的多功能性,使其应用研究已经深入能源环境、催化过滤、生物工程、食品安全等诸多领域,成为纳米材料研究的热点领域之一。但特殊形貌纳米纤维存在研究体系不完善、量产化难度高、重现性差等问题。本文通过对多种特殊形貌纳米纤维的成形机理进行阐述,介绍了特殊形貌纳米纤维独特的形貌结构与性能优势,对其在粒子透过、粒子拦截与传输等领域的应用研究进行了概述。此外,本文对特殊形貌的纳米纤维从研究制备到应用过程中面临的局限性进行了讨论,提出建立完善的特殊形貌纳米纤维研究体系,针对应用领域开发功能性特殊形貌纳米纤维膜,从环保性、稳定性角度出发,推进特殊形貌纳米纤维的产业化发展进程。     

Mathematical models for continuous electrospun nanofibers and electrospun nanoporous microspheres

A brief review of mathematical models of electrospinning is given. The nano‐effect and electrospinning dilation are presented to explain how to prepare extremely high strength continuous nanofibers and nanoporous microspheres, respectively. According to the established models, vibration‐electrospinning is introduced to improve electrospinability, Siro‐electrospinning is suggested to mimic the spinning procedure of a spider and magneto‐electrospinning is used to control the instability arising in the electrospinning process. A new theory linked to both classical mechanics and quantum mechanics should be developed to explain certain special phenomena in electrospinning. E‐infinity theory is considered to be a potential theory to deal with quantum‐like properties and nano‐effect on the nanoscale. The emphasis of this brief review is upon the authors' recent work, and the references are not exhaustive. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

电纺聚丙烯腈基碳纳米纤维在超级电容器中的应用

静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈（PAN）基纳米纤维具有较大的比表面积、较高的机械强度、优异的纳米结构及良好的化学稳定性。以PAN纳米纤维为基础,进行多方位设计与合成的电极材料在超级电容器中表现出优异的电化学性能,具有广阔的应用前景。本文根据电极材料分类,主要综述了近年来PAN基多孔结构电极材料、杂原子掺杂电极材料以及与碳系材料、导电聚合物、金属氧化物复合等电极材料的研究进展;讨论了电极材料的结构特征、制备方法及其提高电化学性能的原理;最后指出了上述研究中存在的问题,并对未来PAN基电极材料在超级电容器的发展前景进行了展望。     

Fabrication of aligned electrospun nanofibers by inclined gap method

A high‐performance of uniaxial alignment of electrospun nanofibers was realized by introducing an inclined gap into dual collectors that consisted of two conductive strips. Because the two strips that were configured horizontally and vertically had a height difference from the inclined gap, the electrospun nanofibers were sequentially suspended across the edges of strips in a well‐aligned and regularly distributed form. Some parameters, such as concentration of solution, applied voltage, and spinning distance were considered for the successful suspension and formation of the aligned electrospun fibers. The method could improve the properties of nanofiber alignment and allow for easy transfer onto other solid substrates or devices. The alignment technique used polycaprolactone, which resulted in continuous and well‐aligned nanofibers with diameters ranging from 500 to 700 nm. Furthermore, it is suggested that repetitive transfer be used to achieve a higher density of aligned nanofiber arrays. This would enlarge the applicability of nanofibers, especially for the tissue engineering field. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Effect of solvent on surface wettability of electrospun polyphosphazene nanofibers

Two kinds of biodegradable polymers, poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly[(alanino ethyl ester)_0.67 (glycino ethyl ester)_0.33 phosphazene] (PAGP), were electrospun by using four different solvents. All PCL nanofibrous mats had similar surface water contact angles independent of solvents. However, it was found that the water contact angles of PAGP nanofibrous mats were 102.2° ± 2.3°, 113.5° ± 2.2°, 115.8° ± 1.4°, and 119.1° ± 0.7°, respectively, when trifluoroethanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran were used as a solvent. This difference was supposed mainly due to phosphorous and nitrous atoms in PAGP being dragged to fiber surface with solvent evaporation during the solidification of nanofibers, because of the strong interaction between positive phosphorous atoms and electronegative atoms in solvents. This interaction was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared, and the accumulation of phosphorous and nitrous atoms in the solvent‐casting PAGP film surface was identified by X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry analysis. PCL samples did not show the solvent‐controlled surface wettability because it contained fewer polar atoms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010