金属离子改性HY-KIT-1脱除柴油中硫化物

以介孔分子筛KIT-1与微孔分子筛HY机械混合作为载体,负载活性组分Ce、Ni、Co,对柴油中的含硫化合物进行吸附分离,采用气相色谱-硫化学发光检测分析柴油脱硫前后噻吩类硫化物的分布.结果表明,柴油中所含的硫化物主要为苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩,其中苯并噻吩占总含量的51.15％,二苯并噻吩占总含量的48.85％.Ce/HY-KIT-1吸附剂的吸附效果最好.     

GC-AED法研究催化裂化柴油中硫氮化合物

采用气相色谱-原子发射光谱（GC-AED）联用技术对FCC柴油中的含硫化合物、含氮化合物进行定性定量研究。结果表明：FCC柴油中硫化物的类型主要是噻吩类衍生物、苯并噻吩、苯并噻吩类衍生物、二苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩类衍生物,其中苯并噻吩类衍生物、二苯并噻吩类衍生物的硫质量分数占总硫质量分数的93．6％以上。氮化物主要为碱性氮化物（Nb）和非碱性氮化物（Np）两大类型,其中碱性氮化物主要是苯胺及其衍生物,喹啉含量很低,约占总氮质量分数的0．1％,非碱性氮化物主要包括吲哚及其衍生物和咔唑及其衍生物,而咔唑类氮化物一般约占总氮质量分数的64％。不同来源的FCC柴油,其所含硫化物、氮化物的含量和分布不同。应根据其硫化物、氮化物的分布类型及规律,开发合适的柴油脱硫脱氮催化剂及相关工艺。     

脱除催化裂化柴油中碱性氮化物的研究

在实验室用WH-2脱氮剂脱除RFCC柴油中的碱性氮化物。考察了剂油比、反应时间、反应温度和静置时间对碱性氮化物脱除和精制后油品透光率的影响。结果表明,增大剂油比、延长反应时间、提高反应温度,均有利于油品中碱性氮化物的脱除,而剂油比和反应时间对脱氮效果的影响要强于反应温度的影响。WH-2脱氮剂对RFCC柴油表现出优良的碱性氮脱除及脱色能力。20℃下,当剂油比为1︰400、反应时间10 min,静置8～10 min,RFCC柴油中的碱性氮脱除率高达97.5%,油品透光率由精制前的3.8%提高到36.4%。通过简单的分离手段,从酸渣中回收到了大部分脱氮剂主剂,可作为脱氮剂成分重复利用。     

催化汽油中硫化物分布测定方法的建立及应用

建立了催化汽油中硫化物分布测定方法(GC-SCD法)。实验证明,该方法中仪器的响应值和标准样品具有良好的线性关系,仪器灵敏度高、稳定性好;方法的准确性和精密度良好。用该方法对永坪、延安两个炼油厂催化装置粗汽油、稳定汽油、精制汽油中的硫化物分布进行分析,通过统计分析比较了各油品之间硫化物类型含量的区别,得出的结论有利于装置的进一步脱硫生产。     

焦化柴油碱性氮的脱除

用LCH脱氮剂脱除焦化柴油中的碱性氮化物，考察了脱氮剂与柴油质量比、反应温度、搅拌时间、沉降时间对碱性氮化物脱除效果的影响。结果表明，增大脱氮剂与柴油质量比、延长搅拌时间及沉降时间，均可提高焦化柴油中碱性氮化物的脱除率。当脱氮剂与柴油质量比为1：100、搅拌时间为30min、反应温度为20℃时，沉降4h后，碱性氮化物的脱除率达97％，同时柴油回收率达99．15％。     

催化柴油加氢改质的实验研究

对我国某小型炼厂（还没有新建加氢改质装置）的催化柴油进行加氢改质实验研究。通过实验对加氢改质前后产品质量对比,加氢改质后催化柴油硫氧氮和氧化不溶物含量与先前炼厂采取的通过添加柴油稳定剂以及酸碱精制方法处理的催化柴油性能进行对比。结果表明：要生产出符合GB252-2011的成品柴油,该炼厂新建加氢改质装置非常有必要。     

柴油中碱性氮化物脱除的研究

采用PS复合溶剂脱除催化柴油中的碱性氮化物，以改善催化柴油的质量和储存安定性；考察了精制溶剂组成、剂油比、精制温度、反应时间及静置时间对脱碱氮的影响。实验结果表明，采用V（甲醇）：V（二甲基亚砜）：V（聚丙烯酰胺）：V（NaOH溶液）=2：1：0．5：6．5，复配的复合溶剂作为络合溶剂、络合时间3min、剂油比0．02、络合温度为室温时效果最佳，精制后的柴油，色度由25下降为14，碱氮脱除率达到92．30％。精制后的催柴油品颜色和氧化安定性得到了显著提高。     

气相色谱法测定生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯的含量

本文采用配有分流/不分流进样口和FID检测器,HP-innowax石英毛细管色谱柱对生物柴油中的各种脂肪酸甲酯进行定量分析。在本试验条件下准确度和精密度高、重复性好,为生物柴油的研究和开发提供了一种快速有效的方法。     

微波辐射脱除催化裂化柴油中碱性氮化物研究

在微波辐射的条件下,用乙酸-w(乙醇)=95%络合萃取催化裂化柴油中碱性氮化物,考察了剂油体积比、乙酸加入量、微波辐射功率、辐射时间、辐射压力等工艺条件对碱性氮化物脱除率和柴油回收率的影响。结果表明:在剂油体积比1.0、乙酸与95%乙醇体积比0.05、辐射压力0.5 MPa、恒压辐射时间10 min、微波功率375 W最佳反应条件下,碱性氮化物脱除率82.4%,柴油回收率90.1%,较无微波辐射的条件下,碱性氮化物脱除率显著提高。     

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for basic and neutral nitrogen speciation in middle distillates

The molecular knowledge of nitrogen compounds in diesel feedstocks has become a key issue in the development of hydrotreatment processes, especially for ultra-low sulfur diesel production. Indeed, nitrogen species have a strong impact on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) pathway, since basic nitrogen is known to poison acidic sites of HDS catalysts.Since conventional methods only allow a poor degree of information, the increased separation power of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-NCD) was used in this study to obtain a detailed overview of nitrogen compounds by type (basic/neutral), by family and by carbon breakdown in diesel and liquefied coal samples. Partially hydrogenated compounds such as tetrahydrocarbazole and tetrahydroquinoline derivatives could even be detected in liquefied coal samples as well as diesel from ebullated bed conversion units. Comparison of GC-NCD with GC × GC-NCD for quantitative determination of nitrogen compounds by family was achieved in a first step. These results demonstrate the superiority of GC × GC to allow for a comprehensive characterization of nitrogen compounds in diesel and related samples in one injection. Furthermore, nitrogen speciation by GC × GC-NCD technique allows identifying most nitrogen species in conventional diesel or liquefied coal samples, with no use of mass spectrometry.GC × GC-NCD was also applied to a wide range of diesel feedstocks obtained from distillation, cokefaction, FCC, ebullated bed hydroconversion units to correlate nitrogen species to the origin of the feedstocks or distillation end points, giving interesting indications on reaction mechanisms involved in the processes.     

Determination of fatty acid derivatives in fuel and diesel oil

Fuel oil plays one of the most important roles as thermal energy source in domestic application. Due to its common use, a careful monitoring of the grade and the deviation of the quality is required. Recently it has been observed that the presence of polar fatty acid derivatives is leading to problems in the fuel injection systems and consequently can cause a damage of the engine. A fast and reliably working procedure is presented, which allows the group determination of these polar compounds, namely glycerides, soaps and fatty acids. A sample preparation succeeded, which accomplishes the extraction, the clean up and the derivatization in one single reaction vessel. Derivatives were methylated with acetyl chloride and methanol and quantified with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The complexity of fuel oil requires a careful elaboration of the clean up and the extraction procedure. Owing to the novelty of this procedure an accurate investigation and optimization of influential parameters were performed. Optimum conditions for the solid phase extraction with polar sorbents were provided for all target compounds. Additionally, the necessity of the clean up is shown with the relation between investigated analytes and matrix effects. Finally, method performance was verified with an accurate validation and analyses of spiked samples.     

液化油中含氮化合物的研究进展

综述了液化油的研究现状,石油、焦化行业中含氮化合物的分离方法和技术现状,阐述了液化油中含氮化合物的研究现状,介绍了油品中含氮化合物的分离效果和性质表征,最后对液化油中含氮化合物的研究前景进行了展望。     

柴油脱氮精制技术研究进展

柴油中氮化物的存在对油品安定性的影响极为严重,对油品的颜色和胶质的生成影响也很大,是成胶的主要因素之一。而且有机氮化物在燃烧过程中会造成空气污染,形成酸雨。如何脱除柴油中的氮化物,提高柴油的安定性,满足对柴油产品质量的更高要求,是目前研究的重点。柴油脱氮精制技术可分为加氢脱氮和非加氢脱氮两大类,作者综述了各种柴油脱氮精制技术的原理、优缺点以及最新的研究进展。     

Selective removal of nitrogen compounds from shale oil

A solid extraction process for selectively removing nitrogen from alternative refinery feedstock has been developed. It has been demonstrated that solid CuCl₂ · xH₂O can reduce the nitrogen content of shale oils to acceptable levels for some refineries. In a simple single-stage process, the nitrogen content was reduced by more than 85% to levels below 0.2 wt%. The solid extraction process was remarkably selective and produced high oil recovery yields corresponding to ≈98% of the theoretical limit. Experiments with model systems have shown complete selectivity for the nitrogen compounds and have demonstrated that the entire bulk of the solid is involved in the extraction process. Many other solids have been shown to be effective, namely transition metal halides, nitrates, sulphates, acetates, fluoroborates, and phosphates.     

柴油非加氢脱氮技术研究

柴油中氮化物的存在对油品安定性的影响极为严重,对油品的颜色和胶质的生成影响也很大,是成胶的主要因素之一。有机氮化物在燃烧中会造成空气污染,形成酸雨。如何脱除柴油中的氮化物,提高柴油的安定性,满足对柴油产品质量的更高要求是目前研究的重点。作者综述了各种柴油脱氮精制技术的原理、优缺点。     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定苯系物

气相色谱法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的线性关系.利用zB-50毛细管色谱柱,对苯、对二甲苯、苯乙烯、正己烷进行了分离研究,建立了毛细管气相色谱法测定苯系物的方法.研究表明采用升温程序比采用恒温几种物质分离效果更好,并且可得到满意的峰形.采用分流进样要比不分流进样效果好.该方法测定苯系物,重复性好,精密度高.相对标准偏差在3...     

络合萃取脱除FCC柴油中的碱性氮化物

采用AlCl3/甲醇作络合萃取剂,考察了其对FCC柴油中碱性氮化物的脱除效果.结果表明:采用AlCl3/甲醇作络合萃取剂,可有效脱除FCC柴油中的碱性氮化物,同时柴油的外观色度也得到了改善.甲醇与甲酸组成的复合溶剂可明显提高碱氮的脱除率和柴油收率,同时减少了络合剂的用量.在剂油比为1.0,甲酸与甲醇体积比为1:4,AlCl3用量为1.0 g/L时,反应3 min,静置15 min,柴油的脱氮率达96.6%,收率可达97.0%.     

RFCC柴油非加氢精制技术及其应用

采用多种非加氢手段对RFCC柴油进行精制。在油品中加入少量酚类或胺类物质能终止自 由基链反应;某些活性固体物质对碱性氮有良好的吸附能力;在极性环境中能进一步萃取含氮、硫杂质。 四种复合非加氢技术精制的柴油指标达GB252-2000标准要求。