高速电弧喷涂层的弹性模量

介绍了利用复合梁理论测量高速电弧喷涂层弹性模量的方法。通过三点弯曲试验，对高速电弧喷涂FeCrAl层和NiCr层的弹性模量进行了测量，分析认为涂层的固有特性是造成涂层弹性模量远远小于所用丝材的原因。这是因为涂层中气孔等缺陷的存在导致涂层实际体积小于涂层的宏观体积。此外，由于FeCrAl涂层的孔隙率和晶粒尺寸比NiCr层大，故其弹性模量小于NiCr层的弹性模量。     

金属基磷酸钙陶瓷涂层的界面研究进展

论述了金属基磷酸钙陶瓷涂层的界面力学环境及界面物理化学特性,并为改善涂层与基体的界面结合强度及材料稳定性,对金属基磷酸钙涂层的设计进行了综合评述,提出涂层与基体界面优化设计的要点是合理设计过渡层,注重多种改善途径的结合及预先评定材料界面设计的可行性.     

金属基陶瓷涂层/钢基体界面裂纹的应力强度因子

将三点弯曲断裂力学试验与有限元分析(FEA)结合起来计算LX88A涂层与Q345钢界面裂纹的复应力强度因子.结果表明,对于三点弯曲试样,当发生界面断裂的临界载荷较小时,涂层试样的界面裂纹尖端附近存在K控制区,但K因子随临界载荷的增大,K因子控制区消失,发生失效的现象.对于三点弯曲试样,当临界载荷超过一定值时,线弹性断裂力学已经不能描述界面裂纹尖端场.因此,在后续研究中有必要使用弹塑性断裂力学和概率断裂力学对此类界面裂纹进行分析.     

ADI的冲击韧度和断裂韧度

论述了ADI的冲击韧度和断裂韧度。室温有缺口和无缺口ADI的冲击韧度比铸钢,锻钢要略差,但约是普通珠光体球铁的3倍,ADI的冲击韧度虽随温度降低而降低,但在-40℃条件下仍保持大约室温冲击韧度的70%。断裂力学性能是更重要的安全设计和失效分析依据,无论哪一种断裂韧度,ADI的试验数据都好于普通球铁,相当于或好于强度相当的铸钢和锻钢。     

真空热处理对冷喷涂304不锈钢涂层弹性模量的影响

采用光学显微镜、电子探针、三点弯曲试验和冷喷涂单边涂层弹性模量理论模型等方法,研究了真空热处理对冷喷涂304不锈钢涂层弹性模量的影响。结果表明：在热处理过程中,304不锈钢涂层内部的金属原子发生扩散、局部粒子界面发生融合,使粒子间结合力和涂层力学性能得以改善;同时涂层中的氧元素也发生扩散形成团聚体,分布于粒子边界处,使得涂层的弹性模量降低。热处理温度低于500℃时,304不锈钢涂层的弹性模量和等效抗弯刚度变化不大,与冷喷态涂层相当;当热处理温度超过500℃后,304不锈钢涂层的弹性模量和等效抗弯刚度随着热处理温度的升高迅速降低;在热处理温度相同的情况下,304不锈钢涂层的弹性模量和等效抗弯刚度随着热处理时间的增加而降低。     

试样尺寸对铁路车轮钢断裂韧度测试结果影响

使用不同尺寸的CT试样测试ER6铁路车轮钢的断裂韧度,并通过有限元方法分析试验过程中试样平面应变层厚度和裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸随CT试样尺寸的变化规律。研究发现,使用厚度为30～50 mm的CT试样测试ER6车轮钢的平面应变断裂韧度,均无法满足平面应变和小范围屈服条件;增加试样厚度可增大平面应变层区域,减小小范围屈服区,从而有效缓解P-V曲线弹性段的弯曲,使测试结果更接近ER6车轮钢的真实断裂韧度水平。     

梁三点弯曲法测量薄膜弹性模量

用电刷技术在不锈钢基体一侧表面上刷镀了Cu膜，用电镀技术在不锈钢基体一侧表面或双侧表面上制备Ni膜。用梁三点弯曲法在自制的设备上测量不锈钢基体以及不锈钢基体上不同厚度Cu膜和Ni膜的弹性模量E。研究表明：在测量的膜厚范围内(7μm-15μm)，Cu膜和Ni膜的弹性模量E不随膜厚变化，并且接近各自块材的弹性模量。     

采用环状裂纹圆棒试样测定中低强度钢的断裂韧度

本文应用环状裂纹受拉圆棒试样的尺寸效应于测定中低强度钢的平面应变断裂韧度K_(IC)。所用试样的尺寸比标准试样小很多。用J积分分析了尺寸效应,并通过有限元计算和断口分析探讨了允许用较小尺寸的圆棒试样测定K_(IC)的原因。     

热喷涂涂层界面断裂韧性的反向三点弯曲法试验

以热喷涂NiCrBSi涂层/钢基体为材料模型,利用将涂层置于受压侧的反向三点弯曲法试验,对热喷涂涂层界面断裂现象进行分析并建立相应的界面断裂韧性计算模型。结果表明,界面裂纹起始于三点弯曲试样中部,对应于加载压头与涂层接触区域正下方的界面上,并向两侧扩展,伴随涂层屈曲,形成分层屈曲的破坏形貌。根据分层屈曲形貌建立计算模型,通过分层屈曲几何参数与屈曲临界应力、涂层内真实应力以及界面断裂韧性的关系,获得界面断裂韧性值。     

高强度变形铝合金断裂韧度各向异性的机理和预测

本文运用断裂力学的基本理论和结果,结合材料的物理开裂机制,定量分析较弱晶粒界面、裂纹扩展途径偏斜和沿晶分层三种因素对高强度变形铝合金断裂韧度各向异性的影响,预测结果与大量实验数据都比较接近,说明合金强烈的断裂韧度各向异性主要来自以上三种机制,并可根据实际断裂机理可以预估合金半成品的短横向断裂韧度值。     

Interface fracture property of PEO ceramic coatings on aluminum alloy

This paper combines the four-point bending test, SEM and finite element method to study the interface fracture property of PEO coatings on aluminum alloy. The interface failure mode of the coating on the compression side is revealed. The ceramic coating crack firstly along the 45° to the interface, then the micro crack in the coating deduces the interface crack. The plastic deformation observed by SEM shows excellent adhesion property between the coating and substrate. The plastic deformation in the substrate is due to the interfacial crack extension, so the interface crack mode of PEO coatings is ductile crack. The results of FEM show that the compression strength is about 600 MPa.     

Interface fracture toughness and fracture mechanisms of thermal barrier coatings investigated by indentation test and acoustic emission technique

Interface fracture toughness and fracture mechanisms of plasma-/sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were investigated by interfacial indentation test (IIT) in combination with acoustic emission (AE) measurement. Critical load and AE energy were employed to calculate interface fracture toughness. The critical point at which crack appears at the interface was determined by the IIT. AE signals produced during total indentation test not only are used to investigate the interface cracking behavior by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and wavelet transforms but also supply the mechanical information. The result shows that the AE signals associated with coating plastic deformation during indentation are of a more continuous type with a lower characteristic frequency content (30-60 kHz), whereas the instantaneous relaxation associated with interface crack initiation produces burst type AE signals with a characteristic frequency in the range 70-200 kHz. The AE signals energy is concentrated on different scales for the coating plastic deformation, interface crack initiation and interface crack propagation. Interface fracture toughness calculated by AE energy was 1.19 MPam_1/2 close to 1.58 MPam_1/2 calculated by critical load. It indicates that the acoustic emission energy is suitable to reflect the interface fracture toughness.     

硅化镍对镍硅合金表面气体渗硼层硬度、弹性模量和断裂韧性的影响

在N2?H2?BCl3气氛下对镍硅合金进行两级气体渗硼(910℃、2 h)制备双区硼化层.显微组织由两种具有不同相成分的区域组成.外层区域仅含有硼化镍的混合物(Ni2B,Ni3B),内层区域除了硼化镍还含有硅化镍(Ni2Si,Ni3Si).研究硅化镍的存在对镍基合金表面硼化层力学性能的影响.使用带有Berkovich金...     

Thermal fracture mechanisms in ceramic thermal barrier coatings

Ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) represent an attractive method of increasing the high-tempera-ture limits for systems such as diesel engines, gas turbines, and aircraft engines. However, the dissimilari-ties between ceramics and metal, as well as the severe temperature gradients applied in such systems, cause thermal stresses that can lead to cracking and ultimately spalling of the coating. This paper reviews the research that has considered initiation of surface cracks, initiation of interfacial edge cracks, and the effect of a transient thermal load on interface cracks. The results of controlled experiments are presented together with analytical models. The implications of these findings to the differences between diesel en-gines and gas turbines are discussed. The importance of such work for determining the proper design cri-teria for TBCs is underlined.     

Nanomechanical properties and fracture toughness of hard ceramic layer produced by gas boriding of Inconel 600 alloy

Gas-boriding in N₂−H₂−BCl₃ atmosphere resulted in the formation of a thick layer on Inconel 600 alloy. The microstructure of layer produced at 920 °C for 2 h consisted of a mixture of chromium borides and nickel borides. The objective of investigations was to determine the influence of the chemical and phase compositions of borided layer on its mechanical properties. The nanoindentation was carried out using Berkovich diamond tip under a load of 50 mN. The gas-borided layer was characterized by high indentation hardness H_IT from 1542.6 HV to 2228.7 HV and high elastic modulus E_IT from 226.9 to 296.4 GPa. It was found that the mixture with higher percentage of chromium borides was the reason for the increase in H_IT and E_IT values. The fracture toughness (K_C) was measured using Vickers microindentation technique under a load of 0.98 N. The presence of high compressive stresses in normal direction to the top surface caused the strong anisotropy of the borided layer, in respect of fracture toughness. The high difference between the lowest (0.5763 MPa·m^1/2) and the highest (4.5794 MPa·m^1/2) fracture toughness was obtained. This situation was caused by the differences in chemical and phase compositions of tested areas, presence of porosity and residual stresses. Generally, the higher K_C values were obtained in areas with lower chromium content.     

钢轨超声检测典型损伤B显图谱特征分析

以U75V重轨钢为研究对象,采用万能试验机、应变仪、扫描电镜等测定和分析其在线轧态和在线热处理态条件下的微观组织、断口形貌及三点弯曲断裂韧性,揭示其微观组织对断裂韧性的影响规律,为研究珠光体重轨钢热处理工艺提供参考。结果表明：U75V重轨钢热处理态和轧态的表面应变变化规律相似,但热处理态U75V重轨钢从弹性变形到塑性变形比轧态滞后;热处理态和轧态U75V重轨钢的断裂韧性K_IC值分别为45.122、42.048 MPa·m^1/2,热处理态的断裂韧性比轧态高;轧态U75V重轨钢断口为解理断裂,而热处理U75V重轨钢为准解理断裂;轧态和热处理态U75V重轨钢的珠光体片层间距分别为272.2、148.4 nm,热处理态U75V重轨钢的珠光体片层细密,存在显著的珠光体团簇,不利于裂纹的扩展,使得热处理态U75V重轨钢断裂韧性高于轧态。

     

Evaluation of interface fracture toughness in SiC fiber reinforced titanium matrix composite

The finite element method based on the equivalent domain integral technique was developed to simulate the push out test and evaluate the interfacial fracture toughness of SiC reinforced titanium matrix composites. A special subroutine was introduced while modeling the push-out test to control interfacial failure process. In addition, the residual stresses, Poisson ratio and friction stresses were all considered in the finite element analysis and the interface debonding was described as a continuous process. The results show that the interfacial fracture toughness of SiC/Timetal-834 is about 50 Jim2. Moreover, the effects of various parameters on the interfacial fracture toughness and the variations of energy release rates at both ends of the specimen were analyzed in detail.