Depolarization temperature and piezoelectric properties of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–(Bi1/2Li1/2)TiO3–(Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

The phase transition temperature and piezoelectric properties of x(Bi_1/2Na_1/2)TiO₃–y(Bi_1/2Li_1/2)TiO₃–z(Bi_1/2K_1/2)TiO₃ [x + y + z = 1] (abbreviated as BNLKT100y–100z) ceramics were investigated. BNLKT100y–100z ceramics were prepared by conventional ceramic fabrication. The depolarization temperature T_d was determined by the temperature dependence of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties. This study focuses on the effect of Li¹⁺ and K¹⁺ ions on T_d and the piezoelectric properties of BNT ceramics. BNLKT100y–100z (y = 0–0.08) has a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between rhombohedral and tetragonal phases at z = 0.18–0.20, and high piezoelectric properties were obtained at the MPB composition. The piezoelectric constant d₃₃ increased with increasing y; however, T_d decreased above y = 0.06. The d₃₃ and T_d values of BNLKT4-20 and BNLKT8-20 were 176 pC/N and 171 °C, and 190 pC/N and 115 °C, respectively.     

Al2O3包覆LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2锂离子电池正极材料

综述了Al2O3包覆LiNi(1/3)Co(1/3)Mn(1/3)O2锂离子电池正极材料的研究现状与进展,并评述了其制备方法和包覆改性;讨论了包覆改善该正极材料性能的机理;提出了这种正极材料的研发过程中的一些问题并对其未来的发展前景作了展望。     

Stress-dependent ferroelectric properties of Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3–Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramic systems

Effects of compressive stress on the ferroelectric properties of ceramics in PZT–PZN systems were investigated. (1 − x)Pb(Zr_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃(xPb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ or (1 − x)PZT–(x)PZN (x = 0.1–0.5) ceramics were prepared by a conventional mixed-oxide method. The ferroelectric properties under compressive stress of the PZT–PZN ceramics were observed at stress levels up to 170 MPa using a compressometer in conjunction with a modified Sawyer–Tower circuit. It was found that with increasing compressive stress the area of the ferroelectric hysteresis (P–E) loops, the saturation polarization (P_sat), the remanent polarization (P_r), and the coercive field (E_c) decreased. These results were interpreted through the non-180° ferroelectric domain switching processes.     

Phase transition and piezoelectric properties of lead-free (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–BaTiO3 ceramics

(1−x)(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃–xBaTiO₃ ceramics (x=0.03, 0.06, 0.08, 0.12, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, and 0.90) were fabricated by a conventional solid-state reaction and their phase transitions and piezoelectric properties were investigated using XRD analyses, Curie temperature, the frequency dependance of dielectric constant, and P–E curves. A complete solid solution with a perovskite structure was formed in the whole composition range of BNT–BT and more than two phase transitions arising from a compositional change were found. With increasing BaTiO₃ content, the sequence of phase transitions from a rhombohedral structure to unknown tetragonal structures and finally a tetragonal structure with the space group P4mm has been established. While the rhombohedral–tetragonal phase transition led to superior piezoelectric properties in BNT–BT ceramics, other phase transitions between tetragonal structures had a little effect on piezoelectric properties. The d₃₃, ε_r, k_p, k_t, and Q_m and values lied in ranges of 40–130 pC/N, 400–900, 10–30%, 15–30%, and 50–250, respectively.     

O1/A1/O2/A2工艺处理焦化废水试验研究

通过对短程硝化反硝化工艺的研究,开发了好氧/厌氧/好氧/缺氧(O1/A1/O2/A2)生物脱氮新工艺并用于焦化废水的处理。考察了NH4+-N、COD、TN对反应器运行效果影响。结果表明,当进水COD平均为3 012.9 mg/L,NH4+-N、TN、挥发酚、总氰平均质量浓度分别为590.5、608.4、361.8、34.5 mg/L;出水COD平均为81.7 mg/L,出水NH4+-N、TN、挥发酚、总氰的平均质量浓度分别为0.1、9.9、0.1、0.1 mg/L,出水指标达到国家污水综合排放一级标准,A/O工艺处理这种焦化废水TN偏高,而用O1/A1/O2/A2工艺可以解决这一问题,实现了TN脱除。考察了温度、DO、pH对短程硝化影响。结果表明,在DO质量浓度为1.0～1.5 mg/L、温度在30～35℃、pH 7.5～8.0,系统能够进行稳定短程硝化反硝化。     

Al2O3-3Al2O3·2SiO2-ZrO2耐火材料的相组成

Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2系耐火材料应用范围广,特别被用作陶瓷辊,具有力学强度高、抗热震性能优良、耐碱类化合物侵蚀和高温蠕变率低的特性。Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2系耐火材料性能很大程度上取决于其结晶相和玻璃相的总量和化学成分,采用定量XRPD和XRF研究了原料中Al2O3/SiO2比和氧化铝颗粒尺寸分布对结晶相和玻璃相的总量及其化学成分的影响。耐火材料由莫来石、刚玉、ZrO2的多晶体和总量各异的玻璃相组成。莫来石含量及其晶胞参数和成分随烧成温度改变,但主要受原料中Al2O3/SiO2比的影响。     

结构优化的异质Ca(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3/CaTiO3薄膜介电性能

采用Pechini方法,在Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si(100)基板上沉积了均质Ca(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 (CMT),CaTiO₃(CT)和堆叠次序不同以及摩尔比不同的异质Ca(Mg_1/3Ta_2/3)O₃/CaTiO₃(CMT/CT)薄膜。结果表明:以CT为底层的异质CMT/CT薄膜可以形成单一的钙钛矿结构,以CMT为底层的异质薄膜则有杂相产生。对于以CT为底层的不同摩尔比的异质CMT/CT薄膜,随着CMT含量的增加,异质薄膜中CT的衍射峰逐渐减小至消失,而CMT的结晶度变得更强,这说明以CT为缓冲层将有助于上层的CMT形成钙钛矿相。介电性能研究表明:异质CMT/CT薄膜的介电常数高度依赖于CMT的含量,而介电损耗不但与CMT含量有关,还与异质薄膜中界面数有关。当n(CMT):n(CT)=1:1 (摩尔比)时,异质的CMT/CT薄膜的介电常数和损耗分别为56和0.038。     

Crystallographic characterization of silicon nitride ceramics sintered with Y2O3–Al2O3 or E2O3–Al2O3 additions

Silicon nitride ceramics were sintered using Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃ or E₂O₃–Al₂O₃ (E₂O₃ denotes a mixed oxide of Y₂O₃ and rare-earth oxides) as sintering additives. The intergranular phases formed after sintering was investigated using high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). The use of synchrotron radiation enabled high angular resolution and a high signal to background ratio. Besides the appearance of β-Si₃N₄ phase the intergranular phases Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (YAG) and Y₂SiO₅ were identified in both samples. The refinement of the structural parameters by the Rietveld method indicated similar crystalline structure of β-Si₃N₄ for both systems used as sintering additive. On the other hand, the intergranular phases Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and Y₂SiO₅ shown a decrease of the lattice parameters, when E₂O₃ was used as additive, indicating the formation of solid solutions of E₃Al₅O₁₂ and E₂SiO₅, respectively.     

Fe2O3/Ni2O3/Al2O3催化剂制备及其催化氧化靛蓝废水研究

以三氧化二铝为载体,采用浸渍沉淀法制备系列Fe2O3/Ni2O3/Al2O3催化剂。采用TG-DTA,XRD及ESEM等技术对催化剂进行表征,确定催化剂的最佳焙烧温度为460℃。以次氯酸钠为氧化剂,同时考察m(三氧化二镍)/m(三氧化二铝)、m(三氧化二铁)/m(三氧化二镍)、m(次氯酸钠)∶m(靛蓝废水)、pH对印染靛蓝废水处理的影响。结果表明:m(三氧化二镍)/m(三氧化二铝)=0.3,m(三氧化二铁)/m(三氧化二镍)=0.04,m(次氯酸钠)∶m(靛蓝废水)=1∶11,pH=7,反应温度为20℃,常压反应时间为2 h时,COD的去除率为95.3%。     

H2O2处理H3PW12O40/ZrO2-WO3光催化降解有机染料

采用浸渍法将H3PW12O40负载在ZrO2-WO3上,通过H2O2溶液的敏化,制得H3PW12O40/ZrO2-WO3(x)光催化剂。然后以光降解甲基橙为探针反应,对各反应影响因素进行了探究。在甲基橙初始质量浓度为5 mg/L,溶液pH=2.5,催化剂用量为0.3 g的优化条件下,光降解2 h,甲基橙的降解率达到91.2%,光催化降解甲基橙溶液为一级动力学反应。且H3PW12O40/ZrO2-WO3(x)对罗丹明B、碱性品红和和亚甲基蓝也具有较高的光催化活性,降解率分别为70.0%、73.0%和73.5%。     

Al2O3/Fe2O3吸附剂脱除硫化氢的性能

采用共沉淀法制备了氧化铝改性的氧化铁吸附剂,并采用比表面积(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)技术对吸附剂进行了表征。在固定吸附床上,考察了制备条件及吸附条件对吸附剂脱除硫化氢性能的影响。结果表明,引入氧化铝能显著提高氧化铁对硫化氢的吸附净化能力。氧化铁与氧化铝质量比为1∶0.5,造孔剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)质量分数为2%,焙烧温度500℃时,采用共沉淀法的负载氧化铝吸附剂的吸附效果最好。在气速20 mL/min,吸附温度80℃时,脱硫率和穿透硫容可分别达到99.3%和105 mg/g,其穿透硫容比未经改性的活性氧化铁提高了49.8 mg/g。     

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料不同温度下电化学性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶高温法制得三元正极材料Li LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂，在不同的温度条件下，系统的研究了材料的电化学性能。研究发现，该材料在环境温度为25、45、75℃条件下，首次放电容量分别为139.5、129.7、97.8mAh·g，第20周放电容量分别为133.2、120.9、87.8mAh·g^-1,20周循环容量保持率分别为95.5%、93.2%、89.8%。表明该材料具有优越的循环性能和高温稳定性能。     

Temperature-independent and enhanced dielectric properties for two-layer structure capacitors with 0.8Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3–0.2PbTiO3–MnO and 0.7Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3–0.3PbTiO3–MnO ceramics

This study fabricates capacitors with two-layer structure and different compositions, 0.8Pb(Fe_2/3W_1/3)O₃–0.2PbTiO₃–MnO and 0.7Pb(Fe_2/3W_1/3)O₃–0.3PbTiO₃–MnO, by using the conventional solid state oxide reaction method. By using the temperature compensation effect and adjusting the thickness ratio of the two layers with different compositions, the temperature–dielectric peak is enhanced and smoothed. The dielectric loss, space charge polarization and dc conduction are suppressed at the highest temperature region. Furthermore, the Maxwell–Wagner model is used to fit and explain the dielectric behaviors. This study also provides suggestions and discussion related to the effect of the interfacial region based on the experimental data and fitting results.     

ICP-AES法测定矾土中Fe2O3、TiO2和SiO2

采用四硼酸锂熔融试样,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES法)测定矾土中Fe2 O3、TiO2和SiO2。通过对熔样方法选择、铝基体以及背景的研究,确定了分析条件。结果表明,该法具有良好的精密度和准确性,回收率在94%～108%。     

不同Al2O3/SiO2比的MgO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃制备及性能研究

本文采用烧结法制备MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂(MAS)微晶玻璃，研究不同Al₂O₃/SiO₂质量比对MAS微晶玻璃的微观结构和理化性能的影响，采用X射线衍射、差热分析、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜对基础玻璃与微晶玻璃的结构和表面形貌进行表征，并对微晶玻璃的密度、力学性能、耐蚀性、热学性能和介电性能进行测试分析。结果表明：随着Al₂O₃/SiO₂质量比从0.52增大至0.64,基础玻璃的玻璃化转变温度T_g增大、析晶峰值温度T_p减小，促使样品析出α-堇青石晶相；样品密度在2.52～2.60 g/cm³波动，介电常数ε_r由1.73增加到4.51,热膨胀系数由4.46×10^-6℃^-1降低到2.38×10^-6℃^-1,介电损耗tan...     

不同介质中Ni-La2O3/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂稳定性研究

采用浸渍法制备Ni-La2O3/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂,选用四氢呋喃(THF)、γ-丁内酯(GBL)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、水(H2O)等常用溶剂作为介质对催化剂进行溶剂热处理,通过XRD、TG、H2-TPR手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,不同介质中催化剂活性组分发生不同程度的晶粒尺寸长大。经GBL处理过的催化剂Ni晶粒尺寸长大最明显,H2O处理次之,而THF的影响最小。     

Bi2O3对K2O–B2O3–SrO–Al2O3–Nb2O5–SiO2玻璃陶瓷介电储能性能的影响

随着电力电子系统的不断发展,高功率脉冲电容器的需求增多。电介质电容器因具有放电功率大、充放电速度快及性能稳定等优点,在电力系统、电子器件、脉冲电源等方面发挥着重要作用,广泛应用于民用领域及军事领域。通过熔融压延制备玻璃基体,采用可控结晶工艺研究了不同含量的Bi₂O₃ (x=0.0%、1.0%、2.0%、4.0%,摩尔分数)对K₂O–B₂O₃–Sr O–Al₂O₃–Nb₂O₅–SiO₂玻璃陶瓷物相演化、微观结构、介电和储能性能的影响。在该玻璃陶瓷中,KSr₂Nb₅O₁₅为主要析出晶相,当Bi₂O₃的加入量为x=2.0%(摩尔分数)时,热处理温度为950℃时,玻璃陶瓷样品的储能密度最大可达到1.27 J/cm³,室温下介电常数可达342,是热处...     

Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2合成工艺对其结构和性能的影响

采用碳酸盐共沉淀法制备Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2。研究了前驱体合成温度、时间和焙烧温度、焙烧时间对材料结构和电化学性能的影响。测试结果表明,合成温度为40℃,时间30 h所得前驱体的振实密度和电化学性能较好。XRD测试结果表明,不同焙烧温度下得到的Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2均具有α-NaFeO2型层状结构。其中800℃下焙烧15 h得到的样品具有较好的层状结构和较低的阳离子混排程度。样品在2.8～4.3 V电压范围内,0.2 C放电倍率下的首次放电比容量最高可达159.1 mAh·g-1,循环50次后容量保持率为95.7%。     

V2O5-WO3-MoO3/TiO2催化剂用于NH3选择性还原减排NOx的性能（英文）

The V2O5-WO3-MoO3/TiO2 honeycomb catalyst was prepared with industrial grade chemicals. The structural and physico-chemical properties were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and mercury porosimetry. The NOx conversion and durability were investigated on a pilot plant test set under the actual operational conditions of a coal fired boiler. The catalyst monolith had good formability with mass percentage of V:W:Mo:TiO2 :fiber glass= 1:4.5:4.5:72:18. Vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum species were highly dispersed on anatase TiO2 without causing the transformation of anatase TiO2 to rutile by calcining under a current of air at 450℃ for 4.5 h, but there were some degrees of crystal distortion. The catalyst particle sizes were almost uniform with close pile-up and the pore structure was regular with complete macro-pore formation and large specific surface area. The NOx conversion was sensitive to temperature but nearly insensitive to NH3 . The catalyst showed strong adaptability to NOx concentration with activity above 80% in the range of 615-1640 mg·m-3 . Within the range of 720-8640 h continuous operation, the NOx conversion dropped at a rate of about 1% reduction per 600 h.     

Physical properties of pseudo quaternary Na2B4O7 – SiO2 – MoO3 – Dy2O3 glasses

Pseudo quaternary Na₂B₄O₇–SiO₂–MoO₃–Dy₂O₃ glasses with various concentrations of Dy₂O₃ were synthesized and characterized by ultrasound, DTA and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that, the density, the molar volume and the elastic moduli increased while the ultrasonic velocities and the packing density decreased with increasing of Dy₂O₃ concentration. The lower values of the radii and the bond length of B₂O₃, compared to those of Dy₂O₃, decreased the interatomic forces between the reactant glass forming cations and oxygens inside the glassy network. Accordingly, this will increase the molar volume and in the same time will decrease the average cross-link density, the ultrasonic velocities, the glass transition temperature and the thermal stability. Also, this may result in a high density glass sample which will increase the elastic moduli. Based on Lasocka's model, a good correlation between the temperature of both glass transition ($T_{\mathit{gl}}$) and crystallization peak ($T_{\mathit{pc}})$was observed.