某铀矿矿工呼出气中^2^2^2Rn浓度的测定及体内^2^2^6Ra负荷量的估算

利用活性炭干冰冷却吸附法测定了某铀矿170名坑龄1 a 以上的不同工种的井下作业工人和33名无井下作业史的工人呼出气中的~(222)Rn 浓度,并由此估算了他们体内~(226)Ra 的负荷量。铀矿工呼出气中氡浓度和体内~(226)Ra 的负荷量的最大值分别为16.2 Bq·m~(-3)和1.65 kBq。同时对可能影响矿工体内~(226)Ra 负荷量的各种因素进行了调查,通过逐步回归分析,得到矿工体内~(226)Ra 的负荷量 y(Bq)与氡子体累积暴露量 x(WLM)回归方程为 y=81.72+1.51x。     

贵州省土壤中天然放射性核素含量调查

本文报告贵州省土壤中天然放射性核素含量调查结果。全省共采集318个土壤样品,样品中核素的测定采用放化分析方法。结果表明,贵州省土壤中天然放射性核素含量,按各类土壤面积加权平均值为:~(238)U,45.6Bq·kg~(-1)(范围3.2—123.1Bq·kg~(-1));~(232)Th,41.3Bq·kg~(-1)(8.3—88.0Bq·kg~(-1));~(226)Ra,71.4Bq·kg~(-1)(3.7—226.1Bq·kg~(-1));(~(40)K,350.0Bq·kg~(-1)(23.7—802.6Bq·Kg~(-1)),属正常水平。     

辽河平原土壤中天然放射性核素含量调查

本文报告辽河平原土壤中天然放射性核素含量调查结果。本次调查共采集土壤样品407个。样品测定采用放射化学分析方法。结果表明,辽河平原土壤中天然放射性核素含量,按各类土壤测点数加权平均值为:~(238)U,27.0Bq·kg~(-1)(范围7.8—50.9Bq·kg~(-1));~(232)Th,37.4Bq·kg~(-1)(4.9—82.5Bq·kg~(-1));~(226)Ra,36.7Bq·kg~(-1)(6.2—97.2Bq·kg~(-1));~(40)K,676Bq·kg~(-1)(335—1121Bq·kg~(-1))。     

秦山核电站周围农业生态环境放射性本底调查及~(60)Co,~(125)I在农作物中的转移试验

调查了我国秦山、大亚湾核电站建站前的农业生态环境放射性本底值及其区域分布规律。研究了秦山核电站站址周围农作物、土壤和水中的总α、总β放射性水平及土壤中~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(40)K、~(137)Cs放射性水平;50km半径范围内γ外照射累积剂量;以及~(60)Co、~(125)I放射性同位素在农作物中的吸收、积累、转移规律等;从而为评价核电站运行后环境介质辐射水平的变化提供原始数据,并为改进运行阶段的环境监测方案提供经验。     

阳离子交换树脂浓集-闪烁射气法测定水中~(226)Ra

目前,水中~(226)Ra的分析方法报道很多,有共沉淀法、萃取法和离子交换法等。共沉淀法和萃取法,方法简单,对~(226)Ra含量较高的水样可获得满意的结果。但因分析用水样体积小,对~(226)Ra含量低的水样,难以取得可信的分析结果。 饮用水中的~(226)Ra浓度,波动范围很大,部分水中~(226)Ra含量低至1mBq/l以下。为了满足居民饮用水中~(226)Ra本底水平调查的要求,我们研究了用732型阳离子文换树脂浓集水中~(226)Ra和EDTA洗脱的条件,建立了阳离子交换树脂浓集-闪烁射气法测定水中~(226)Ra的方法,并与经典的Ba(Ra)SO_4共沉淀法作了比较。结果表明,本方法简单、可靠,探测下限低(0.1mBq/l)。用此方法完成了新疆651个各种水源水样中~(226)Ra含量的调查,取得了满意的结果。此方法作为环境水中~(226)Ra的常规监测方法。     

Ba(Ra)SO_4沉淀法联合测定水和食品等环境样品中~(224)Ra及~(226)Ra

一、原理以Ba(Ra)SO_4形式从样品中浓集纯化Ra的同位素,然后铺样进行α放射性测量,它所测定的α放射性来自~(226)Ra、~(224)Ra、~(223)Ra三个Ra同位素。在环境中~(223)Ra约占~(226)Ra的千分之四,因此在一般情况下,Ra的α放射性主要来自~(226)Ra及~(224)Ra。由于动植物内~(224)Ra(~(226)Ra)的含量与它的代谢有关,所以~(224)Ra与~(226)Ra的含量没有固定的比例,它随食品产地、品种及贮藏时间不同而异。无法从制样后一次测量的总α放射性分别得出~(224)Ra和~(226)Ra的值。又因~(224)Ra与~(226)Ra的毒性不一,因此Ba(Ra)SO_4总α测量法作为标准的监测方法是不妥的。如果要确定镭总α放射性中~(226)Ra、~(224)Ra及~(223)Ra的含量,可根据下式计     

武汉市空气中~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th放射性浓度估算

本文报道武汉市空气中~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th 放射性浓度的估算结果。空气中~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th 的放射性浓度是根据地面空气中铀、镭、钍的主要天然来源是土壤粒子的再悬浮的假定,通过调查测量武汉市土壤中天然放射性核素含量和空气中含尘量,经计算后确定的。我们于1984年4—10月在武汉地区采集了60个土壤样品,调查测量了土壤中天然放射性核素含量,并根据在1981—1985年间采集的7346个空气粉尘样品测得的空气中含尘量,估算出武汉市空气中~(238)U、~(226)Ra 和~(232)Th 放射性浓度的五年平均值分别为24.0、18.9和28.7nBq/L。五年中以1983年的平均值最高,分别为30.4、23.9和36.2nBq/L。以1984和1985年的数据为例,空气中~(238)U、(226)Ra、~(232)Th 放射性浓度呈明显的季节性变化,两年中均以冬季为最高,夏季最低。在武汉市六个城区中,空气中~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th 的放射性浓度,以青山区最高,武昌区最低。     

丹东地区土壤天然放射性核素本底值调查研究北大核心CSCD

为明确丹东地区土壤天然放射性核素226 Ra、232 Th、40 K的本底值,以丹东地区代表性土壤为研究对象,使用RMS 4096-USB数字化低本底多道r能谱仪测定其0~10 cm土层226 Ra、232 Th、40 K放射性活度浓度,并用内梅罗综合评价法对其结果进行评价。结果表明:丹东地区0~10 cm土层土壤226 Ra、232 Th、40 K的平均放射性活度浓度分别为100.12 Bq·kg^(-1)、11.84 Bq·kg^(-1)、688.65 Bq·kg^(-1),内梅罗综合指数分别为3.17、0.35、1.07,与辽宁省均值比较,丹东226 Ra含量特高,232 Th微量,40 K偏高,处于全国测定结果范围内。     

湖南省土壤中天然放射性核素含量调查研究

本文报道湖南省土壤中天然放射性核素含量的调查结果。布点方法与环境陆地γ辐射剂量率调查相同,全省共布25×25km 网格点309个,土类加密点5个,特殊加密点7个,共采集土壤样品321个。土壤样品中天然放射性核素含量的测定采用放化分析方法。调查结果表明,湖南省土壤中~(23(?))U、~(232)Th、~(226)Ra 和~(40)K 含量按样品数的加权均值分别为48.05、54.82、59.36和447.75Bq/kg。零陵地区土壤中~(238)U、~(232)Th 和~(226)Ra 含量最高,郴州地区次之,湘西自治州地区居三。湖南省6类主要土壤中~(40)含量较为接近,而红壤中~(238)U、~(232)Th 和~(226)Ra 含量较高。     

北京市土壤中天然放射性核素含量调查研究

本文报道北京市土壤中天然放射性核素含量的调查方法和结果。基本与环境陆地γ辐射剂量率调查同位布点,全市共分析土壤样品157个,其中10 km×10 km 网格点土样122个,城镇加密点35个。测量~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(40)K 采用γ谱方法,~(238)U 采用放化分析方法。调查结果表明,北京市土壤中天然放射性核素含量按面积和点加权均值分别为:~(238)U,19.4和19.8 Bq·kg~(-1);~(226)Ra,21.4和22.6Bq·kg~(-1);~(232)Th,34.1和34.6 Bq·kg~(-1);~(40)K,662.3和649.9 Bq·kg~(-1)。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.