采用约束最小平方和法实现近场波束形成

本文研究了近场情况下的波束形成问题。对于任意结构阵列,提出了实现近场波束形成的一种约束最小平方和法,由近场信号模型来设计近场波束。该方法在对波束旁瓣施加约束的条件下,使波束主瓣的误差平方和最小,可借助于优化工具箱实现。该方法在主瓣区域和旁瓣区域都能得到满足设计要求的波束性能,不仅可以方便地控制期望响应,而且简单易行。基于32元均匀离散圆阵的仿真设计结果表明了本文方法的有效性。     

浅海多波束动态聚焦近场波束形成实现方法

讨论了一种动态聚焦波束形成实现方法,将聚焦波束形成的焦点时间结构与基阵空间结构相关联,得到时变焦点的高精度聚焦波束形成输出。通过实验数据的分析和处理,验证了方法的有效性。     

全设计频段束宽恒定的低旁瓣时域波束形成

为了在空域无失真地接收宽带信号和有效地抑制环境干扰,提出了全设计频段束宽恒定的低旁瓣时域波束形成方法。首先,把宽带信号分为几个子带,应用半定规划的优化方法设计这些子带中心频率上的加权,使所形成的波束主瓣与设计带宽中最低频率上的波束相同,同时约束其具有低旁瓣特征。然后,设计FIR滤波器拟合这些离散频率点上恒定束宽加权所表示的幅相加权。显然,设计得到的FIR滤波器的幅相响应给出了全设计频段上的幅相加权。最后应用该方法,针对阵元具有方向性的12元均匀离散圆弧阵,设计覆盖一个倍频程的低旁瓣时域恒定束宽波束形成器,并使用线性调频信号作为测试信号,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于近场波束形成法的声发射源定位研究

引入近场波束形成法处理声发射信号,研究在小区域布置少量传感器来实现声发射源定位的新方法.首先,利用板波理论进行声发射信号传播特性研究,对比了板中声发射信号与空气中声波传播的差异性,分析了波束形成法应用于声发射源定位的问题.并在板上进行断铅实验,验证了近场波束形成法进行声发射源定位的有效性.最后,在旋转机械碰摩模拟实验台上进行了碰摩实验,利用波束形成法进行碰摩声发射源定位,所提出的方法能有效地定位旋转机械初始碰摩位置.所得结果可为声发射源定位提供一种新途径.     

宽带信号常规波束形成方位估计算法改进

1引言常规波束形成方法(CBF)分辨率较低,但同时也具有运算量低、稳健性高、不需要目标信号先验知识等优点,因而仍然得到广泛运用。围绕CBF分辨率的提高,产生了许多方法:H.Fan等人[1]是用外推     

轮形阵列波束形成的优化设计

基于波束形成方法的噪声源识别中,阵列性能影响着声源识别的效果。针对轮形阵列,采用正交试验的方法,对阵列的几何参数进行优化设计。通过逐步缩小参数最优值的取值范围,使在传声器数目和阵列尺寸一定的情况下,阵列的声源识别效果得到改进。经优化,轮形阵列的最大旁瓣水平曲线在很宽的频率带上保持在16 dB以下,比普通轮形阵列的最大旁瓣水平降低了3 dB以上。验证了正交试验方法在阵列优化设计的可行性,为波束形成装置的开发提供了理论依据。     

线列阵声纳近场常规波束形成的理论性能

研究了线列阵声纳应用常规波束形成方法进行目标被动定位的理论性能。在反潜战中,重型热动力鱼雷是潜艇面临的重要威胁。为对鱼雷实施被动定位,推导了常规波束形成方法目标被动定位的渐进方差,并与克拉美-劳下界进行了比对分析。此外,通过数值方法研究了信号强度、目标位置、基阵孔径和积分时间等参数对被动定位性能的影响。结果表明：应用现有的声纳设备（如潜艇舷侧阵）来解决中等距离的鱼雷被动定位问题是完全可能的。     

声呐信号并行处理系统及频域波束形成的实现

提出了声呐号并行处理的体系结构,介绍了自行研制的四C40并行信号处理板的结构及性能,并分析了该板在声呐波束形成中的应用。     

水下球面阵的多波束形成研究

首先建立了多阵元球面阵的简化模型,研究其多波束形成的特点,然后对实际模型进行实验研究,结果表明,由于各种误差的影响简化模型和实际模型有一定偏差,但在误差允许范围内,可以直接应用理想模型的权值对实际球面阵进行加权.     

基于自适应陷波滤波器的窄带波束形成方法

本文介绍了自适应陷波(Notch)滤波器的工作原理,在此基础上推导了一种窄带波束形成的新方法,并通过仿真加以验证.该方法简单易于实现,因而具有广泛的应用价值.     

基于复包络提取的波束形成方法

结合带通信号的特性,提出了一种基于复包络提取的波束形成方法。首先,提取各阵元接收的信号的同相分量和正交分量;其次,分别对上述同相分量和正交分量进行相移;最后再对移相之后的同相分量和正交分量进行延时相加,从而形成入射方向的波束。该方法有效降低了波束形成器的输入和输出采样率以及数字处理的复杂度。     

聚焦波束形成声图法误差分析

聚集波束形成声图测量方法可以实现近场目标的被动定位．利用该方法接收数据或进行数据处理的过程中必定会有各种误差产生,本文从聚焦峰尺度、阵元偏差、波长等方面对聚焦波束形成声图测量方法的影响进行了分析,经仿真研究与实验数据分析可以得出聚焦波束形成声图法受距离与波长的影响较大,但对于阵元的位置要求不高,利用该方法可以实现近程目标的高精度定位。     

波叠加联合波束形成的局部声场重建技术研究

传统近场声全息是以快速傅里叶变换为基础的,在有限测量孔径条件下将产生窗效应和卷绕误差,因此一定程度上制约了其在工程上的应用。基于此,提出了一种基于波叠加联合波束形成的局部声场重建技术。首先利用波束形成对传声器阵列采集的声场信息进行分析计算,获得声源的具体位置;然后在该位置配置等效源,并利用迭代算法对局部声场的数据扩展;最后应用扩展后获得的声场数据进行重构。该技术只需要少量的传声器就可以方便快速的实现声场重建。在半消声室内采用两个音箱模拟声源进行研究,实验结果表明:在小测量孔径下该方法可以准确的重构外部声场,拓宽了近场声全息在工程中的应用范围。     

Near field effect on the evaluation of site attenuation

Abstract

With little error, taking assumption of sinusoidal current distribution on the half‐wave dipole for exact (near and far) field and using the geometrical optics (GO) theory for ground reflection, a simplified yet improved method is derived for calculating site attenuation in terms of the antenna factors of transmitting and receiving antennas. The near field and mutual coupling problems that have caused errors between theoretical and measured data in the past can be easily solved. The deviation in the site attenuation curve due to equipment impedance mismatch and dissipative losses is also discussed. The results obtained by using this method show a good agreement with those obtained by Kawana using the moment method (MM) (for 3 meter site) and those measured by the National Bureau of Standards of U. S. A. (NBS) (for 3, 10 and 30 meter sites), while much more calculating time is saved. That is, this method provides a more effective solution for evaluating theoretical site attenuation of a standard open site.     

基于FPGA模拟片上多核处理器的新方法

为了解决使用现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）进行大规模片上多核处理器模拟的容量限制难题,提出了一种新颖的FPGA模拟方法。该方法通过混合真实的处理器核与伪造的处理器核,使用1个或2个FPGA即可模拟整个片上多核处理器,而且可以有效克服FPGA的容量限制问题,同时又不过多损害对多核处理器行为特征的有效模拟。用此方法实现了周期精确的全芯片模拟,并使用流片后的片上多核处理器芯片对此模拟方法进行了有效性验证。实验很容易地实现了50MHz以上的模拟速度,比基于相同设计的软件仿真快10万倍以上。模拟速度的大幅度提升,使得可以启动未经修改的Linux操作系统和运行完整的多用户SPEC CPU2006 train测试集。这种混合真实处理器核与伪造处理器核的模拟方法为片上多核处理器的功能验证和性能评估提供了一种简单高效的途径。     

应用于传声器阵列定位校准的空间点声源声场拟合方法

介绍了一种用于传声器阵列声源定位精度校准的空间点声源声场模拟方法,并基于该方法设计了一套空间点声源模拟系统,完成了一个传声器阵列的定位位置精度校准。文章采用多通道点声源空间声场合成算法模拟了一个位于自由场空间的点声源,根据传声器阵列中每一个传声器的空间位置坐标,计算出传感器所处位置声场的动态声信号。通过耦合腔标准声源将对应的多通道电压信号输入被校准阵列系统,完成点声源的模拟。然后,该阵列运用波束形成算法进行声源定位,得出点声源的位置,并与模拟点声源的位置进行比对,实现对阵列定位准确性的校准。     

Measurement of crack-profiles using AC field measurement method

The alternating current field measurement technique has been employed in the present study to predict cracks of different profiles. Profiles used included surface thumb-nail cracks of semi-circular, semi-elliptical, asymmetrical and rectangular shape with aspect ratios ranging from 2 to 10. From the potential ratios measured experimentally, a numerical approach was employed to compute the crack profiles. Crack profiles were also computed from theoretical potential profiles obtained using boundary element method. The present study shows that with high aspect ratios, the crack profiles predicted using theoretical data bore great resemblance to that of the actual. The underpredictions at the centre-line position of the cracks were small. Using experimentally measured potentials with 1-dimensional interpretation, all predicted profiles showed an under estimation of the actual. The errors appeared generally lower for the narrower plate and decreased with increase in aspect ratio. Pseudo-random errors were introduced to the theoretical potentials to simulate measurement errors that may occur in practice, to improve the error handling capability of the computer programme designed for the study. In addition, a smoothing technique was also applied to improve the accuracy of the crack profile prediction. By freezing some of the distant potential field, a significant computer processing time reduction of 25–35% has been achieved.     

Investigation of ZnO nanorods synthesized by a solvothermal method, using Al-doped ZnO seed films

ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on common glass substrates using a simple solvothermal method via the precursors of zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O) and Hexamethylenetetramine (C₆H₁₂N₄) with equal molar concentration at 0.01 mol/l, 0.025 mol/l, 0.05 mol/l, and 0.075 mol/l. The ZnO nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometer and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer. XRD results indicated that all the ZnO nanorods were preferentially grown along [0 0 0 1] direction (c-axis). With an increase of Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O and C₆H₁₂N₄ concentration, the diffraction intensity of ZnO nanorod along c-axis also increased. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the well-faceted hexagonal ZnO nanorods were grown vertically from the common glass substrates. In addition, with the increase of Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O and C₆H₁₂N₄ concentration, the exciton band of ZnO nanorods determined by UV-Vis absorption spectra gradually became narrow and the intensity of exciton band also remarkably augmented. Photoluminescence spectra showed that with the increase of Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O and C₆H₁₂N₄ concentration, the position of emission peak of ZnO nanorod blue-shifts towards shorter wavelength in UV region and the luminescence intensity remarkably enhances in visible emission range (470-630 nm).     

Phase‐field material point method for brittle fracture

The material point method for the analysis of deformable bodies is revisited and originally upgraded to simulate crack propagation in brittle media. In this setting, phase‐field modelling is introduced to resolve the crack path geometry. Following a particle in cell approach, the coupled continuum/phase‐field governing equations are defined at a set of material points and interpolated at the nodal points of an Eulerian, ie, non‐evolving, mesh. The accuracy of the simulated crack path is thus decoupled from the quality of the underlying finite element mesh and relieved from corresponding mesh‐distortion errors. A staggered incremental procedure is implemented for the solution of the discrete coupled governing equations of the phase‐field brittle fracture problem. The proposed method is verified through a series of benchmark tests while comparisons are made between the proposed scheme, the corresponding finite element implementation, and experimental results.