聚氨酯/聚苯胺导电复合材料的制备与应用

概述了聚氨酯与新型导电聚合物聚苯胺的复合材料的制备原理、工艺及性能等,包括聚氨酯内部渗透法、聚苯胺包裹法、共聚/接枝及化学氧化/电化学聚合等,对应用不同制备方法制作的聚氨酯/聚苯胺导电复合材料的性能做了比较,并对聚氨酯/聚苯胺导电复合材料的研究前沿和应用前景做了介绍。     

导电聚合物/无机纳米复合材料的制备及应用的研究进展

主要综述了导电聚合物/无机纳米复合材料的研究进展,重点叙述了六种制备方法:原位聚合法、电化学聚合法、溶胶凝胶法、共混法、插层复合法和自组装法,介绍了其在防腐材料、光学材料、生物材料以及电容材料等方面的应用,并对导电聚合物/无机纳米复合材料研究前景进行了展望。     

原位吸附聚合法在制备聚苯胺导电复合材料中的应用

综述了原位吸附聚合法在制备复合改性聚苯胺导电复合材料中的应用,并展望了聚苯胺导电复合材料的应用前景。     

导电聚苯胺／无机复合材料的研究进展

结合导电聚苯胺／无机复合材料的研究进展,综述了聚苯胺与金属、氧化物、碳、无机盐等复合材料的合成方法、特性及应用;同时也概括了原位聚合法、溶胶-凝胶法、电化学聚合法、共混法和自组装法的优缺点。概述了聚苯胺／无机复合材料的发展方向和应用前景。     

聚合物/石墨导电纳米复合材料制备方法进展

综述了聚合物/石墨导电纳米复合材料制备方法的进展。首次将制备方法归为碱金属插层聚合法、膨胀石墨原位聚合法和膨胀石墨共混复合法3大类,详细介绍了它们的概念、特点和研究概况。特别是重点介绍了超声粉化法、表面处理法、助剂预复合法、预包覆母料法以及其他方法等膨胀石墨间接共混复合法的概念和概况。还对聚合物/石墨导电纳米复合材料领域的未来研究重点提出了自己的看法。     

含导电聚苯胺类锂离子电池复合材料的现状及发展趋势

导电聚苯胺（PANI）是近十年来研究最多的导电聚合物,具有比容量高、氧化还原可逆性好、电导率高、合成方法简单、成本低等特点,在化学电源和超级电容器中的应用最为广泛。导电聚苯胺复合材料的合成方法主要分为：原位复合法、共混法、自组装和电化学复合法等。导电聚苯胺复合材料可作为高能物质用于研发电极材料,但目前利用导电聚苯胺对锂离子电池三元正极材料进行修饰改性的研究较少。综述了导电聚苯胺及其复合材料的热电化学性能,重点对导电聚苯胺/锂离子电池复合正极材料的性能进行了阐述。最后对导电聚苯胺复合材料的应用和研究方向进行了总结,并简述了导电聚苯胺包覆改性LiNi_1-x-yCo_xMn_yO₂复合材料的应用和展望。     

导电聚苯胺/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料在防腐涂料中的应用

聚苯胺作为新型防腐功能材料已得到成功应用,取得了特别明显的效果。本试验通过采用导电聚苯胺/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料制备钢结构防锈涂料,探索导电聚苯胺/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料在金属防腐涂料领域的商用价值。     

导电聚合物/无机纳米复合材料制备及应用研究进展

文章综述了导电聚合物/无机纳米复合材料最新研究进展,全面介绍了导电聚合物/无机纳米复合材料的制备方法、材料性能及应用,并对此类复合材料将来的研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望.     

煤/聚苯胺导电复合材料导电性能的研究

研究了在位聚合方法制得煤 /聚苯胺导电复合材料过程中引发剂量、质子酸浓度、聚合时间、聚合温度及煤样类型对该复合材料导电性的影响 ,结果发现 :所选煤样中 ,SF煤参与制得的煤 /聚苯胺复合材料电阻率降低最多 ,近十个数量级 .通过控制制备条件 ,可制得电阻率最低为 3.66Ω· cm的煤 /聚苯胺导电复合材料 .和纯聚苯胺相比 ,电导率下降不大 ,原料成本却下降 41 .2 % ,而且其最佳聚合温度易于控制 ,这为煤 /聚苯胺复合材料产业化提供了可能     

纳米铜/碳纳米管对聚苯胺电导率的影响

聚苯胺是制备电极材料的主要原料,碳纳米管和纳米铜的掺杂能提高其电导率和比电容值。采用原位聚合法以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,制备出以纳米铜/碳纳米管为核,以聚苯胺为壳的具有核-壳结构的聚苯胺/纳米铜/碳纳米管复合材料,通过对比不同质量分数的纳米铜/碳纳米管掺杂的聚苯胺循环伏安测试结果分析可知,当纳米铜/碳纳米管占三元聚合物的质量分数为15%时,聚苯胺/纳米铜/碳纳米管复合材料的比电容值最高,测试结果为2102.57F·g-1。     

电化学合成聚苯胺的研究概况

聚苯胺是目前研究最为广泛的导电高分子材料之一.综述了电化学方法合成聚苯胺的研究概况,包括电解液的pH、苯胺单体浓度、掺杂酸的种类、聚合电位、聚合电流密度、循环伏安扫描的次数、速率以及扫描上限、扫描方式等工艺条件对聚苯胺膜的制备及其性能的影响.并对聚苯胺的研究前景进行了展望.     

Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline derivative and silver nanoparticle composites

BACKGROUND: There has been a recent surge of interest in the synthesis and applications of electroactive polymers with incorporated metal nanoparticles. These hybrid systems are expected to display synergistic properties between the conjugated polymers and the metal nanoparticles, making them potential candidates for applications in sensors and electronic devices. RESULTS: Composites of polyaniline derivatives—polyaniline, poly(2,5‐dimethoxyaniline) and poly(aniline‐2,5‐dimethoxyaniline)—and silver nanoparticles were prepared through simultaneous polymerization of aniline derivative and reduction of AgNO₃ in the presence of poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS). We used AgNO₃ as one of the initial components (1) to form the silver nanoparticles and (2) as an oxidizing agent for initiation of the polymerization reaction. UV‐visible spectra of the synthesized nanocomposites reveal the synchronized formation of silver nanoparticles and polymer matrix. The morphology of the silver nanoparticles and degree of their dispersion in the nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results indicate an enhancement of the thermal stability of the nanocomposites compared to the pure polymers. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites is in the range 10^?4 to 10^?2 S cm^?1. CONCLUSION: A single‐step process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle–polyaniline derivative nanocomposites doped with PSS has been demonstrated. The approach in which silver nanoparticles are formed simultaneously during the polymerization process results in a good dispersion of the nanoparticles in the conductive polymer matrix. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biodegradable polyaniline/dextrin conductive nanocomposites: synthesis,characterization, and study of antioxidant activity and sorption of heavy metal ions

Conductive nanocomposites based on polyaniline/dextrin were synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline in presence of dextrin. The nanocomposites were characterized by field emission scanning electron microcopy, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and conductivity measurements. It was observed that the conductivity values increased with the increase of aniline content in nanocomposites. The obtained nanocomposites have been analyzed for the antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the nanocomposites was enhanced by increasing the aniline content. Polyaniline/dextrin nanocomposites were used as sorbent materials for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The sorption data indicated that the novel polyaniline/dextrin nanocomposites have high tendency for the removal of heavy metal ions such as Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. In addition, the in vitro biodegradability of polyaniline/dextrin nanocomposites with different weight ratios was studied by soil burial tests. The result demonstrated that the nanocomposites are biodegradable under soil environment by degradation range between 30.18 and 74.52 %. The observed physical properties of the polyaniline/dextrin nanocomposites open interesting possibilities for novel applications of electrically conducting polysaccharide-based composites, particularly those that may exploit the antioxidant activity and heavy metal ions sorption of the polyaniline/dextrin nanocomposites.     

导电高分子材料聚苯胺的研究进展

聚苯胺(PAn)是目前研究最为广泛的导电高分子材料之一。基于国内外最新研究文献,综述了PAn的结构、导电和掺杂机理及常见的合成方法,重点介绍了几种制备微米或纳米级PAn的方法,并对其在各领域应用前景作了简要介绍。     

Characterization of polyaniline/Ag nanocomposites using H2O2 and ultrasound radiation for enhancing rate

Polyaniline/Ag nanocomposites have been synthesized via in situ chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline in silver salt by sonochemical method using H₂O₂ as an external medium. H₂O₂ was used to reduce AgNO₃ to Ag nanoparticles as well as to polymerize aniline to polyaniline in the same pot. The ultrasound radiation as an energy source was applied to facilitate the reaction by reducing the reaction time. Reduction of the silver salt in aqueous aniline leads to the formation of silver nanoparticles which in turn catalyze oxidation of aniline to polyaniline. The research on the structures and properties of the composites showed the individual or aggregated silver nanoparticles are dispersed in the matrix of polyaniline. The composites possess a higher degradation temperature than polyaniline alone, and their electrical conductivity are raised morethan 200 times. The cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy results showed that the polyaniline/Ag film exhibits considerably higher electroactivity compared with polyaniline film without Ag particles. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1662–1668, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Polyaniline–vanadium oxide hybrid hierarchical architectures assembled from nanoscale building blocks by homogeneous polymerization

BACKGROUND: Polyaniline–vanadium oxide hybrid materials have been much researched due to their potential applications in lithium batteries. Although many methods have been reported for the fabrication of conventional polyaniline–vanadium oxide hybrid materials by in situ oxidative polymerization/intercalation of aniline in V₂O₅ and by layer‐by‐layer approaches, studies on polyaniline–vanadium oxide hybrid nanostructures have been rare. RESULTS: Polyaniline–vanadium oxide hybrid hierarchical architectures assembled from nanoscale building blocks, such as nanoplates and nanobelts, have been synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal homogeneous reaction between aniline and peroxovanadic acid without the aid of any surfactant or template. The influences of synthesis parameters, i.e. reaction time, temperature and medium, on the morphologies of the polyaniline–vanadium oxide hybrid nanostructures have been investigated. With increasing reaction time/temperature, the alignment of nanoplates in the hierarchical architectures becomes gradually dense. CONCLUSION: The formation mechanism of the polyaniline–vanadium oxide hybrid hierarchical architectures involves a one‐step precipitation–polymerization–assembly process. The method may be applicable for the synthesis of other conducting polymer–vanadium oxide hybrid nanostructures. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Water-soluble polyaniline/graphene prepared by in situ polymerization in graphene dispersions and use as counter-electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells

Water-soluble polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites have been prepared via a simple in situ polymerization of aniline in graphene dispersion. TEM measurement confirmed that polyaniline was homogeneously coated on the graphene sheets. The nanocomposites solution can be used for film fabrication by common technology, such as drop coating. When these different polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites were applied as the counter electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells, the short-circuit current density and power-conversion efficiency of the devices were measured to be 12.19 mA cm⁻² and 4.46%, respectively, which was comparable to 5.71% for the cell with a Pt counter electrode under the same experimental conditions.     

Characterization and AC conductivity of polyaniline–montmorillonite nanocomposites synthesized by mechanical/chemical reaction

Polyaniline–clay nanocomposites were prepared by solid state polymerization of aniline chloride in the interlayer of montmorillonite through the use of persulfate of ammonium as oxidant. The proportion of aniline to clay and the molar ratio of oxidant to aniline are being varied. The analyse of UV visible and FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated that aniline has been polymerized to polyaniline (PANI) in its conducting emeraldine form. The conformation adopted by PANI chains in the clay interlayer depended on the molar ratio of aniline to montmorillonite. Thermogravimetric analysis of the nanocomposites suggested that polyaniline chains are more thermally stable than those of free polyaniline prepared by solid–solid reaction. The AC conductivity data of different synthesized nanocomposites were analyzed as a function of frequency. Low frequency conductivities of polyaniline/montmorillonite nanocomposites materials ranges from 0.18 to 5.6 × 10^?3 S/cm. All characterization data were compared to those of free polyaniline that was synthesized using a solid–solid reaction.     

Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of PS/mica and PMMA/mica nanocomposites by emulsion polymerization

Polymer/mica nanocomposites of styrene or methyl methacrylate have been prepared by emulsion polymerization. For the polymer/mica nanocomposites, the mica was dispersed individually in water, and we found that they were adsorbed on the surface of monomer droplets. Polymer/mica nanocomposites were obtained by adding an aqueous dispersion of layered silicate into the polymer emulsion. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectra were used to characterize the structures of the nanocomposites. The degree of dispersion of these nanocomposites were investigated by using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical properties of polymer/mica nanocomposites were determined by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The increased tan δ of the obtained nanocomposites is ascribed to the fine dispersion of mica particles into the polymer matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Dispersion of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in poly(aryl ether ketone) obtained by in situ polymerization

BACKGROUND: Recently, much work has focused on the efficient dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) throughout a polymer matrix for mechanical and/or electrical matrices. However, CNTs used as enhancement inclusions in a high‐performance polymer matrix, especially in poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK), have rarely been reported. Therefore, multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)‐modified PAEK nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization of monomers of interest in the presence of pre‐treated MWNTs. RESULTS: This process enabled a uniform dispersion of MWNT bundles in the polymer matrix. The resultant MWNT/PAEK nanocomposite films were optically transparent with significant mechanical enhancement at a very low MWNT loading (0.5 wt%). CONCLUSION: These MWNT/polymer nanocomposites are potentially useful in a variety of aerospace and terrestrial applications, due to the combination of excellent properties of MWNTs with PAEK. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry