苦荞抗氧化活性研究

苦荞作为一种食药两用的粮食作物,其营养丰富,具有很高的抗氧化活性.近年来,随着我国人民生活水平的提高,其抗氧化活性逐渐受到人们的青睐.文中介绍了苦荞抗氧化活性成分,总结了其抗氧化功能研究现状及开发利用现状.     

苦荞醋及其多糖物质的抗氧化性能研究

对苦荞醋及其多糖物质的抗氧化性能进行研究。以山西宁化府生产的苦荞醋为原料,采用乙醇沉淀法制备苦荞醋多糖,分析其单糖组成。通过清除DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)自由基、羟基自由基(·OH)及测定总还原力等方法对苦荞醋及其多糖物质的抗氧化性能进行研究。结果表明:苦荞醋多糖得率为8.52mg/mL,主要由阿拉伯糖(Ara)、木糖(Xyl)和葡萄糖(Glc)组成,并含有少量甘露糖(Man)和半乳糖(Gal),其摩尔比为2.15∶3.98∶2.35∶1.0∶1.0。苦荞醋及其多糖物质均具有良好的抗氧化清除自由基能力,其中苦荞醋的抗氧化能力强于多糖物质。     

Antioxidant properties of Phyllanthus amarus extracts as affected by different drying methods

The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of fresh and dried Phyllanthus amarus plant materials were evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Different drying treatments led to significant reduction (P<0.05) in antioxidant properties of P. amarus methanolic extracts, with microwave drying causing the highest decrease in TPC and antioxidant activity exhibited by the reduction in both radical scavenging activity and FRAP. On the other hand, boiling water extracts appeared to exhibit significantly stronger antioxidant potentials (P<0.05) even in dried plant materials due to greater solubility of compounds, breakdown of cellular constituents as well as hydrolysis of tannins. Its strong free radical scavenging activity suggests that it has great potential in the food industry as functional food ingredient.     

苦荞麦制麦芽及其啤酒发酵工艺研究

以生长在中国东北、西北、西南山区的苦荞麦为原料,根据传统制麦和发酵方法,结合酶活分析方法,探讨苦荞麦麦芽的制备工艺及以苦荞麦麦芽为主料的啤酒发酵工艺条件.     

响应面法优化苦荞麦微波膨化工艺

采用苦荞麦为原料,以膨化率、复水率为评价指标,色差值为参考指标,通过响应面优化试验研究苦荞麦微波膨化工艺条件。结果表明,苦荞麦微波膨化的最佳工艺条件为:膨化时间110 s,原料水分含量6%,微波功率480 W。在此条件下的验证实验结果为:膨化率2.16,复水率1.25。     

苦荞可溶性膳食纤维素营养饮品研制

以苦荞可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)和黑苦荞米为原料,运用模糊数学、感官评价及正交试验方法得到苦荞可溶性膳食纤维营养饮品的生产工艺,结果表明:最佳配比为苦荞米焙炒温度110℃、时间3 min、炒制苦荞米与浸取热水的比例1∶6.67、苹果多酚0.10%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.08%。研制出的苦荞可溶性膳食纤维饮品营养丰富、风味浓郁。     

Fractionation and characterization of tartary buckwheat flour proteins

Protein fractions (albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin) were extracted from defatted tartary buckwheat flour. Albumin was the predominant protein fraction (43.8%) followed by glutelin (14.6%), prolamin (10.5%), and globulin (7.82%). Albumin was relatively rich in histidine, threonine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine. Globulin had high levels of methionine and lysine. Prolamin was high in histidine, threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine. Glutelin was rich in histidine, threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine. SDS–PAGE analysis, under non-reductive and reductive conditions, showed that disulfide bonds existed in the four fractions. Non-reduced albumin showed major bands at 64, 57, 41, and 38 kDa, and globulin at 57, 28, 23, 19 and 15 kDa. Reduced albumin and globulin shared two common bands at 41 and 38 kDa. Reduced prolamin showed major bands at 29, 26, 17 and 15 kDa. In vitro pepsin digestibility of the four fractions (from high to low) was: albumin > globulin > prolamin and glutelin.     

挤压加工对苦荞粉理化性质的影响

为了阐明挤压加工技术对苦荞粉理化性质的影响,分别研究了不同挤压温度、物料水分和螺杆转速对挤压苦荞粉的吸水性指数、水溶性指数、膨胀势、糊化及凝胶特性的影响规律。结果表明:与未挤压苦荞粉相比,经挤压改性后的苦荞粉在30℃水浴时有更好的吸水性和水溶性;在100℃水浴时的水溶性增大,吸水性减小;膨胀势、糊化特征值及凝胶特征值均明显升高。随挤压温度升高,挤压苦荞粉的峰值粘度、衰减值增大,谷值粘度、回生值降低,制成的凝胶品质更好;随物料水分升高,吸水性指数、膨胀势、各糊化特征值显著增大,水溶性指数明显降低,低物料水分形成的凝胶品质较好;随螺杆转速升高,水溶性指数增大,吸水性指数和峰值粘度、谷值粘度、衰减值稍降低,膨胀势先增大后减小,转速越高的苦荞粉的凝胶品质越好。综合而言,物料水分变化对挤压苦荞粉的各理化性质影响最大。吸水性指数和水溶性指数与糊化特性、凝胶特性都有显著相关性(P0.05);膨胀势与糊化特性极显著正相关(P0.01),与凝胶特性没有显著相关性。     

不同酵母固态发酵对荞麦抗氧化成分及抗氧化作用的影响

研究不同酵母(果酒酵母、葡萄酒酵母、异常汉逊酵母)发酵对荞麦营养成分及抗氧化性的影响,通过测定发酵荞麦中还原糖、总多酚和总黄酮含量,发现3株菌能显著提高荞麦中总多酚和总黄酮含量,且显著降低还原糖含量。利用氧化自由基吸收能力(ORAC,oxygen radical absorbance capacity)方法对酵母发酵过程中荞麦提取物的抗氧化活性变化的研究发现,3株酵母均能显著提升荞麦的抗氧化活性,且发酵荞麦提取物的抗氧化活性与总多酚、总黄酮成分含量呈相关性。因此,发酵荞麦相对未发酵荞麦具有更好的营养保健功能。     

添加挤压苦荞粉对纯苦荞挂面加工及面条品质的影响

为提高纯苦荞挂面的加工适应性及面条品质,将挤压处理后的苦荞粉与生苦荞粉混合后制作纯苦荞挂面,将挤压苦荞粉的添加量及和面加水量结合探究其对纯苦荞挂面加工品质及面条品质的影响。通过面带的质构品质、面条的蒸煮及质构特性评价纯苦荞挂面的加工性能和食用品质。结果表明,随着挤压苦荞粉添加量的增加,面带的表面黏附力和抗拉伸力及面条的蒸煮损失率显著(P<0.05)增加;随着和面加水量的增加,面带的表面黏附力显著(P<0.05)增加,抗拉伸力下降,面条的硬度、咀嚼性和蒸煮损失率均显著(P<0.05)增加,当挤压苦荞粉的添加量为30%,加水量为34%时,面带的表面黏附力最低,抗拉伸力适中,蒸煮损失率最小,质构品质较好,综合评价最高。     

盐胁迫对苦荞麦芽菜产量及黄酮含量的影响

为探究盐胁迫对苦荞麦芽菜产量及品质的影响并为保健芽菜的开发提供技术和材料支持,本实验以西南地区推广面积较广的三种苦荞麦品种(川荞1号、西荞1号、米荞1号)为材料,研究不同浓度的Na Cl溶液(0、40、80、120 mmol/L)处理后苦荞麦芽菜发芽率、芽长、鲜重、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及黄酮含量的变化。结果表明,盐胁迫处理后苦荞麦芽菜的发芽率、芽长及芽鲜重较对照显著下降(p<0.05),可溶性糖含量上升,随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,苦荞麦芽菜可溶性蛋白含量及黄酮含量则呈先上升后下降的趋势;不同品种间以米荞1号荞麦芽菜在各盐浓度下发芽率、芽长、鲜重最低,西荞1号可溶性蛋白及黄酮含量最高。综合评价,西荞1号芽菜中芽菜黄酮含量、可溶性蛋白含量最高,适合开发为保健荞麦芽菜优良品种,且适当盐胁迫可促进荞麦芽菜品质。      

苦荞淀粉糊化性质的研究

通过使用DV-T2黏度温控一体机测定苦荞淀粉在不同溶剂中黏度的变化曲线.结果 表明,苦荞生粉的热稳定性、凝胶性较早餐粉苦荞强,更易回生;以硬度高的水为溶剂时苦荞淀粉的热稳定性较好,凝胶性较弱,不易回生;以柠檬酸溶液或食盐溶液为溶剂时,苦荞淀粉的热稳定性随浓度的升高而增强,凝胶性随浓度的升高而减弱,不易回生;以蔗糖溶液为...     

In vitro potential of flavonoids from tartary buckwheat on antioxidants activity and starch digestibility

The effects of various flavonoids of Tartary buckwheat (rutin-enhanced flavonoid extract [REFE and quercetin-enhanced flavonoid extract [QEFE]) and individual flavonoids (rutin, quercetin and kaempferol) on the antioxidant activity, inhibition of α-glucosidases and α-amylase and starch digestibility were evaluated. Quercetin possessed the highest antioxidant activity and inhibition of α-glucosidases and α-amylase activity followed by kaempferol and rutin. REFE and QEFE have similar antioxidant and inhibition of α-amylase activities, but QEFE has much higher α-glucosidases inhibition than REFE. Tartary buckwheat flour has the lowest content of rapidly digestible starch and predicted glycaemic index (pGI) compared to maize flour, wheat flour and rice flour. Addition of rutin and quercetin to wheat flour showed a weak or no effect on digestion inhibition, but they inhibited starch digestion under solid complex conditions. Our results may help explain the benefits of supplementing the diet with food rich in flavonoids.     

Effects of hydrothermal processing on rutin retention and physicochemical properties of Tartary buckwheat enriched dough and Chinese steamed bread

Effects of hydrothermal processing on content changes of rutin, quercetin and total flavonoids and physicochemical properties of Tartary buckwheat (TB) enriched dough and Chinese steamed bread (CSB) were investigated. Rutin loss and bitterness in CSB made from mixed wheat flour and hydrothermally processed TB flour decreased markedly compared with control. Total flavonoids were increased in dough after fermentation but decreased afterwards in CSB significantly (P < 0.05). The development time, stability time, extensibility, storage and loss moduli and tan δ of TB enriched dough, along with the volume, textural properties, sensory evaluation and bitterness of derived CSB, were significantly affected by hydrothermal processing temperature and time. Hydrothermal processing of TB flour at 100 °C for 20 min, compared with 100 °C for 10 min, 30 min or 121 °C for 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, was suggested to be a relatively better pretreatment condition for the present TB enriched CSB.     

应用粳米淋饭酒母、苦荞麦粉喂浆开发清爽营养荞麦黄酒工艺

根据苦荞麦的营养成分和特征,结合酶法低温蒸煮新技术,在传统黄酒酿造工艺的基础上,采用粳米饭搭窝、酒药培养糖化制成淋饭酒母,然后在酵母扩配和发酵过程中将粳米喂饭改为苦荞麦粉喂浆,在糖化发酵剂上又融合了白药、红曲、麦曲之长,增加了酒醪中微量成分和代谢产物含量,并在后道工序中引入勾兑调味技术和冷冻吸附工艺,试制开发出具有清醇、爽适、营养、保健的苦荞黄酒。     

苦荞品种对苦荞配制酒品质的影响

目的:寻找配制酒品质最佳的苦荞品种。方法:考察以3种不同苦荞浸泡出的酒(A、B、C)中的总黄酮、可溶性固形物、总酚含量,抗氧化特性,色差以及透光率,探究不同品种苦荞对酒品质特性的影响。结果:苦荞B的总黄酮、总酚、可溶性固形物含量及DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除率均为最佳。色差值表明总黄酮、总酚含量与酒样颜色有一定的显著相关性。浸泡40 d的B1样品中共有49种挥发性物质,相对含量为79.488%,其中酯类16种(相对含量为49.916%),是主要挥发性物质。结论:品种对酒品质影响很大,酒中总黄酮、总酚含量与酒样颜色有一定的显著相关性,浸泡苦荞酒宜选择黑苦荞B。     

苦荞挂面加工过程中黄酮含量及抗氧化活性变化研究

以30%的苦荞粉添加到小麦粉中制作苦荞挂面,探讨挂面加工过程中以及不同的面团醒发时间时苦荞黄酮与芦丁含量、存在形式和抗氧化活性的变化规律,并分析了黄酮、芦丁含量与抗氧化能力之间的相关性。结果表明:苦荞与小麦混合粉和面成面团时游离态黄酮、游离态芦丁与总黄酮、总芦丁含量明显增加,游离黄酮提取液的DPPH自由基清除能力,ABTS⁺·清除能力明显增强;结合态黄酮、结合态芦丁含量及结合态黄酮提取液的抗氧化活性则显著下降;醒发、制作湿面条与烘干加工过程对苦荞中不同存在形式黄酮、芦丁含量及其抗氧化活性均影响较小;苦荞中黄酮、芦丁含量与DPPH自由基清除能力,ABTS⁺·清除能力受醒发时间的影响不显著,总抗氧化能力则随醒发时间的延长而增强。苦荞挂面加工过程中黄酮、芦丁含量与DPPH自由基清除能力,ABTS⁺·清除能力之间具有良好的相关性（p<0.01）,与总抗氧化能力的相关性较差。      

响应面法优化玛咖苦荞复合茶饮料加工工艺

以玛咖和苦荞为主要原料加工复合茶饮料,通过响应面优化实验,对玛咖苦荞复合茶饮料加工过程中玛咖粉、苦荞茶及稳定剂添加量进行优化,提高产品品质。研究结果显示最优产品配方为：玛咖粉添加量2.1%,苦荞茶添加量1.6%,果葡糖浆添加量5.7%,三个因素的作用大小依次为：果葡糖浆>玛咖粉>苦荞茶。最优稳定剂配方为：CMC-Na添加量0.07%,黄原胶添加量0.07%,海藻酸钠添加量0.03%。三个因素的作用大小依次为：CMC-Na>果胶>海藻酸钠。最终产品感官评分平均值达95.4±0.6,透光率为90.5±0.6%。本研究为玛咖和苦荞产品的开发提供数据支撑。