建筑保温技术与新型节能建筑墙体材料的综合应用分析

建筑建设在我国经济发展中扮演着重要的角色。建筑的保温对建筑居住适宜度的提高和能源节约等有着重要的意义。由于传统建设材料的限制,我国原油的建筑材料在保温等方面存在着一定的不足。为了推动我国建筑建设的发展,通过分析建筑墙体材料的应用现状,对建筑保温技术和新型墙体材料之间的关系进行了研究。     

节能住宅——新世纪住宅产业发展的主流

当居民的生活由“温饱”迈向小康的时候 ,什么样的住宅将成为新世纪的“宠儿” ?南京市墙体材料改革办公室有关人员认为 ,随着国家可持续发展战略的实施与世界住宅产业的接轨 ,节能住宅将成为新世纪住宅产业发展的主流。节能建筑起源于 2 0世纪 70年代初期 ,它是由能源危机而引发的一场建筑革命。由于能源危机的爆发迫使西方发达国家把注意力集中在占这些国家总能耗约 30 %的建筑上 ,研究、开发保温隔热的新型墙体材料 ,大力推广由新型墙体材料 ,大力推广由新型建筑材料建筑的节能建筑。经过 30年的发展 ,节能建筑已成为世界性建筑发展的大…     

BHPV——建筑光伏蜂窝模块

介绍了一种新型的建筑光伏蜂窝模块(BHPV),是将光伏发电、建筑装饰、节能保温、建筑围护系统的防火和防水等多种功能集成融合的新型标准建筑材料。本文对BHPV作了系统性介绍,通过计算机仿真列出了光伏电池的热工数据。     

上海世博会建筑技术及建筑材料应用

文章针对2010年上海世博会期间各种新型建筑技术和建筑材料进行了部分总结。其中建筑技术包括循环式呼吸井、光伏水幕墙、生态气候树、外墙垂直绿化、双曲面铝板幕墙设计施工技术、单层网壳的半刚性结点设计、IESVE环境能源整合分析软件和XSTEEL钢结构辅助设计软件;建筑材料包括RIMEX Granex饰面、新型耐候钢板、透明混凝土、定向结构麦秸板、聚碳酸酯板、ETFE膜、鳞状花纹纸塑复合板建筑材料、织物立面材料和特种隔音门等。     

与建筑完美结合的建材型太阳能系统

我国建筑能耗在27％以上,降低建筑对传统能源的消耗日益紧迫；以保温技术为主的节能技术经过三步阶段后,投入产出比增加；引入以太阳能为主的可再生能源的新型清洁供能体系势在必行；太阳能利用技术体系应作为新型建筑材料,完美实现与建筑的一体化设计。国内外进展太阳墙     

发展新型建材 建设和谐海西——福建省发展新型建筑材料领导小组办公室

福建省发展新型建筑材料领导小组办公室成立于1992年9月，其行政主管部门为福建省经济贸易委员会，主要职责是：贯彻执行有关发展新型建筑材料的法律、法规和政策：负责编制发展、推广应用新型建筑材料中长期规划、年度计划和新型建筑材料产品目录，并组织实施；制定并实施发展新型墙体材料和淘汰实心粘土砖、限制空心粘土砖的工作计划；     

生态能源建筑体系(下)

四、生态能源建筑示范楼生态能源建筑的中心是解决建筑对环境的压力问题,其建筑部件选择也要以此为要点。第一座生态能源建筑示范楼（ＥＥＤＢ）拟建在北京,目的是为解决北京市的环境问题提供一条新的思路。该楼概念设计的目标是：使ＥＥＤＢ楼宇的冷、热负荷降到普通建筑的１／６;总用电负荷为普通建筑的１／３;太阳能主动与被动采暖方式结合,完全取消燃煤采暖;使用具有生态功能的建筑材料。１建筑材料该建筑除节能外,还要有天然的舒适性和保健性,这无疑对建材提出了更高的要求。即要求所用建筑材料生产能耗低、污染小;使用时与环…     

中国建筑防水材料市场发展趋势

据中国有关部门透露,到本世纪末,中国建筑防水材料市场的发展将呈四个趋势: 一、近年内,中国国内市场的高中档防水材料比例将大幅上升。随着消费水平的提高和政府强制性标准《房屋工程技术规范》的实施,各类新型防水材料将在各类建筑上大显身手。其中,改性沥青油毡、高分子片材和密封建筑材料的发展最快。低档产品,特别是纸     

酷寒地区乡村生态节能住宅的建筑技术

基于酷寒地区能源与环境的特点,对该区域现有乡村住宅冬季采暖技术进行了分析,在充分利用稻草砖这种新型建筑材料优点的基础上,结合太阳能采暖技术、燃池采暖技术以及被动式太阳房设计的建筑技术,提出了一种适于我国酷寒地区应用的乡村生态节能住宅建筑体系,并阐述了其工作原理和设计要点,这对可再生资源的合理利用、生态节能建筑的发展具有重大意义。     

西安市居住建筑能耗研究

随着我国建筑业的不断发展,建筑能耗占全社会总能耗的比例不断增大。与建筑相关的能源消耗包括建筑材料生产用能、建筑材料运输用能、房屋建造和维修过程中的用能以及建筑使用过程中的建筑运行能耗。在建筑的整个生命周期中。其建筑材料和建造过程消耗的能源一般只占总能耗的20％左右,而大部分能源消耗将一直伴随建筑物使用过程中发生。因此建筑的运行能耗。包括照明、采暖、空调和各类建筑物内使用电器的能耗。是建筑节能任务中最主要的关注点。本文所称的建筑能耗均指建筑运行能耗。     

浅析新型建筑节能材料的发展方向

分析了新型建筑材料的种类,对中国未来新型建材发展进行了展望,指明了新型建筑节能材料应用与发展的方向。     

Critical Assessment 4: Challenges in developing high temperature materials

Abstract

Materials are a key enabling feature for high efficiency engines for power generation or transportation. While significant research continues, progress in this century has certainly slowed compared to the previous century where modern materials science spawned a rapid advance in high temperature materials. One area that hampers new high temperature materials is a lack of inherent (i.e. uncoated) oxidation or environmental resistance, especially for the highest temperature applications such as Ni-base superalloys for turbomachinery. Thus, there appears to be more opportunity to develop materials for 600–1000°C applications than for higher temperatures. New materials requirements ranging from mechanical and environmental resistance to manufacturing and joining need to be clearly defined and experimental work focused on validating these properties for successful alloy development to proceed. For most applications the materials requirements have become so broad and complex that progress by single researchers is difficult. A teaming approach, especially among research institutions and industry, is needed to both define the critical needs and assemble experts in a range of disciplines to address these issues during the materials development process.     

The revival of the traditional Bosnian wood dwellings

This paper presents the results of research regarding the possibilities of the revival of the traditional Bosnian single-family house. The architectural design, spatial organization, and connection with the natural environment make it a valuable example of residential architecture. The use of local natural materials such as wood, stone, and adobe brick, brings this typology back into the limelight. This study illustrates that due to the increasing need to save energy, the importance to use natural materials, and integration of sustainable design into architectural design processes, our contemporaries turn to past examples in order to reference benchmarks combined with cutting edge technology for buildings of the future. Because Bosnia has large wooded areas, and a policy goal is to use local resources, the research aim was to establish if modern prefabricated wooden houses can reproduce traditional Bosnian architecture while meeting the highest energy efficiency requirements. Many Bosnians fear that traditional Bosnian architecture will be lost due to new construction, therefore there is opposition against the harmonization of standards. The solutions for redesigning traditional Bosnian single-family homes to meet energy efficiency requirements were obtained using the “BuildOpt_VIE” dynamic thermal simulation software. It was used to find optimal solutions in building physics, along with several variations to be applied during construction of new buildings and reconstruction of existing buildings. This research sets a foundation for further developments in contemporary individual residences, optimized according to recent building physics standards. The purpose of this paper is inter alia to show that nothing stands in the way to harmonize technical guidelines and regulations in the field of energy-efficient buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), and the adaption of existing norms. Despite the EU requirements as mandated in the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, the rich architecture of B&H has potential to fulfill the directive’s conditions. By selecting the best solutions from the rich architectural tradition of B&H and optimizing the architectural design and building physics, B&H takes a step towards EU integration. Here, we show the possibility to keep traditional architecture while achieving state of the art energy efficiency.     

Building stock dynamics and its impacts on materials and energy demand in China

China hosts a large amount of building stocks, which is nearly 50 billion square meters. Moreover, annual new construction is growing fast, representing half of the world's total. The trend is expected to continue through the year 2050. Impressive demand for new residential and commercial construction, relative shorter average building lifetime, and higher material intensities have driven massive domestic production of energy intensive building materials such as cement and steel. This paper developed a bottom-up building stock turnover model to project the growths, retrofits and retirements of China's residential and commercial building floor space from 2010 to 2050. It also applied typical material intensities and energy intensities to estimate building materials demand and energy consumed to produce these building materials. By conducting scenario analyses of building lifetime, it identified significant potentials of building materials and energy demand conservation. This study underscored the importance of addressing building material efficiency, improving building lifetime and quality, and promoting compact urban development to reduce energy and environment consequences in China.     

凸轮轴制造工艺综述

凸轮轴制造工艺方面所发生的改变大多是因减轻零部件重量方面的要求、挤压应力的提高以及所用材料变化而引起,以适应现代汽车发动机的技术要求。目前,根据材料和制造工艺的不同,对凸轮轴的结构形式、常用的材料、重要工序的加工方法及其发展趋势等几方面进行分析。     

Exemplary project of green cave dwellings in Loess Plateau

The total annual energy consumption of people in rural areas in China is about 190 million tons of standard coal, and is still growing rapidly with the improvement of living standards. The reduction of this energy consumption is a key issue in China’s sustainable development. Focusing on the energy conservation of cave dwellings in the Loess Plateau, this paper aims to create a new prototype of cave dwelling that not only satisfies the requirements of the modern life of the residents but also inherits the energy-efficiency of traditional cave dwellings. For this purpose, a model cave dwelling is built at Zaoyuan Village, a cave-dwelling community in Yan’an, Shaanxi Province. In this cave dwelling, modern building energy efficiency principles and strategies such as natural ventilation, natural lighting, passive solar heating and earth cooling method are adopted. From the testing and subjective survey, it can be concluded that the new cave dwelling inherits the advantages of the traditional ones and has excellent performance in energy-efficiency, thermal comfort, and natural lighting.     

Exemplary project of green cave dwellings in Loess Plateau

The total annual energy consumption of people in rural areas in China is about 190 million tons of standard coal, and is still growing rapidly with the improvement of living standards. The reduction of this energy consumption is a key issue in China’s sustainable development. Focusing on the energy conservation of cave dwellings in the Loess Plateau, this paper aims to create a new prototype of cave dwelling that not only satisfies the requirements of the modern life of the residents but also inherits the energy-efficiency of traditional cave dwellings. For this purpose, a model cave dwelling is built at Zaoyuan Village, a cave-dwelling community in Yan’an, Shaanxi Province. In this cave dwelling, modern building energy efficiency principles and strategies such as natural ventilation, natural lighting, passive solar heating and earth cooling method are adopted. From the testing and subjective survey, it can be concluded that the new cave dwelling inherits the advantages of the traditional ones and has excellent performance in energy-efficiency, thermal comfort, and natural lighting.     

Building integrated energy storage opportunities in China

China has a big population and all countryside are being urbanized recently, more and more buildings are being built with careful considerations of energy saving. Building integrated energy systems are thought to be of priority importance. There are extended energy storage researches and developments for buildings, such as building materials for stabilization of room temperature using the daily and night temperature difference in north China, desiccant materials integrated with buildings used for constant relative humidity control in south China. Solar thermal energy storage using specialized design of hot water tank, phase change materials (PCMs) or pebble stones have been well studied and demonstrated, whereas chemical energy storage capability had been also considered with potential applications. The development of electric battery storage for Photovoltaic (PV) is also highlighted as it is a good opportunity for smart grid development. In modern commercial building, uninterruptible power supplies using rechargeable battery packs and thermal energy storage are currently two of the most common applications for energy storage, while other storage technologies are still at the research stage. The above development of building integrated energy storage opportunities in China are described and analyzed, some demonstration projects are shown in this paper.     

Energy conservation in Chinese housing

In the People's Republic of China (PR China), even though climatic conditions are severe, energy use in buildings has traditionally been insignificant by Western standards. The recent increases in household energy consumption have left two options: increase household energy use at the expense of industrial and environmental gains, or develop policies to conserve or restrict household energy consumption. This paper explores the problems in introducing low-cost energy conservation practices in Henan Province, PR China. The paper describes both the practical problems encountered in the introduction of new building materials and designs and also the institutional barriers that inhibit the development of an energy conservation delivery system. A major theme of this paper is that conventional Western solutions for energy conservation often come up against significant unexpected barriers in developing nations, rendering these solutions ineffective. For instance, the high cost and/or unavailability of materials in many countries require building redesign solutions that do not utilize insulation, vapour barriers, and modern heating and cooling plants. Similarly, the particular political and economic organization of a country may mean that coordination of a regional or national conservation programme will require an approach quite different from the public or private development programmes in Western developed countries.     

新产品开发流程设计思路和精髓浅析

当今市场竞争越来越激烈,要立足市场,企业必须不断创新推出新产品。开发新产品是一个现代企业最具风险、最重要的活动之一。产品不能很好地满足用户需求、开发周期过长、质量难以保证是企业新产品开发失败的共同原因。高质量的项目开发过程是降低新产品开发失败风险的有效措施。项目开发过程是指新产品项目从产生创意到产品上市后全过程中所有的步骤、行为和决策要点。GPDP是全球动力总成开发流程,是许多发动机企业视为或作为新产品开发的管理手段。其设计思路和精髓在于重视前期预研究工作、强调同步工程、强化项目管理、明确交付物、强调验证。