关于企业投资建设LNG卫星站项目立项的探讨——以福建省为例

改革开放以后,福建省抓住机会,经济得到快速发展,新能源也随之快速发展。为更好地鼓励企业投资建设更多的LNG卫星站,开展了对企业投资建设LNG卫星站项目立项方面的研究探讨工作。     

2001年LNG工业综述

综述了液化天然气（LNG）贸易，回顾了历年LNG价格变化及市场形势，预测了以后10年内LNG供求趋势。介绍了天然气液化流程，LNG工厂、LNG运输及接收站。展望了LNG工业的现状与发展动向。     

LNG利用

LNG是一种清洁、高效的能源。由于进口LNG有助于能源消费国实现能源供应多元化、保障能源安全,而出口LNG有助于天然气生产国有效开发天然气资源、增加外汇收入、促进国民经济发展．因而LNG贸易正成为全球能源市场的新热点。     

全球LNG市场特征和趋势分析及对我国的启示

在能源转型大背景下,全球天然气需求表现强劲。其中液化天然气(LNG)作为打通天然气地域限制的重要一环,表现尤为活跃。2018年全球LNG市场出现了"牛夏熊冬",运力局部时段偏紧,短合同数目明显增加,合约价格斜率有所反弹,传统的20年期长约再次回归市场,更多项目开始倾向于在没有签订固定合同的条件下做出最终投资决定等新特点。同时,也呈现了中国和印度需求将快速攀升,日本需求缓慢下滑,韩国需求增长缓慢,亚洲新兴市场快速崛起等新趋势。长期看,东南亚、南亚等新兴市场的崛起一定程度上将平抑中长期亚洲市场的季节性峰谷差,也会令LNG现货/短约的定位由应对季节性波动转向一种常规的天然气商品。在此大趋势下,我国可继续加大国内油气资源勘探开发力度,提升能源安全保障基础水平;加大调峰储备体系建设,有效应对国际市场短期波动;不断扩大进口来源,积极开展国际合作。     

LNG燃料汽车的应用研究

阐述了LNG燃料汽车的优势和特点,概述了国内LNG燃料汽车的应用情况。通过LNG燃料汽车与传统燃料汽车、CNG燃料汽车在经济性、环保性、社会效益等各方面的比较,讨论了LNG燃料汽车的优缺点,对LNG汽车的市场发展进行了分析,并对杭州市LNG汽车的发展规划提出一些建议。     

全球LNG市场下的“中国气改”

面对全球LNG市场的成型,中国应尽快放开LNG进口权管制,并针对进口LNG优先开放管网,以更加开放的心态来迎接市场挑战。     

环山西LNG工厂特点分析

LNG（液化天然气）作为清洁性能源,正日益成为能源市场的热点。山西作为能源大省,在LNG产业发展中,取得了一定成绩。相对于周边兄弟省份来说,山西LNG在工艺选型、节能减排、价格成本等方面还存在不足。     

世界液化天然气的发展趋势

介绍了世界液化天然气（LNG）市场的分布情况。分析了世界LNG交易出现了多元化的趋势,LNG贸易合同更加多样灵活．买卖双方参与更多的LNG业务。指出世界LNG项目建设规模扩大,建设成本压力增大。预测世界LNG价格在短期内将呈价位下行波动态势．从长期看仍将保持高位上升波动态势;天然气将继续保持旺盛的需求,LNG产业市场前景广阔。     

中国进口LNG项目如何摆脱价格和市场的困局

一、国际市场剧变和LNG项目面临的困境 进入本世纪以来，中国由于调整能源结构、发展清洁能源的需要，大力引进LNG，10来个LNG接受站项目陆续规划。前任美联储主席格林斯潘向总统建议建设40个LNG接受站以弥补国内日益增长的对清洁能源的需求，在国际市场上掀起了采购热潮。直到2005年初，国际LNG仍然是买方市场。     

国际天然气定价新趋势与中国的对策

受全球金融危机、LNG供需关系和美国页岩气产量的影响,最近几年国际天然气定价机制发生了一些微妙的变化。国际市场LNG的充足供应使原本相互独立的英美、欧洲和亚太三大天然气市场体系间建立了价格互动,全球天然气价格互动新体系正在形成中。中国的天然气有国产天然气、进口LNG和进口管道气三种来源并采用了不同的定价模式,进口气与国产气的价差造成了一系列市场衔接问题,对我国天然气市场的监管和健康发展带来了很大的影响。欧洲大陆的天然气市场跟中国有很多相似之处,欧洲大陆的定价体制比较符合我国的国情,值得借鉴和参考。     

日本地震对世界和我国液化天然气产业的影响

2011年3月,日本东北部太平洋海域发生大地震和海啸,导致日本大批发电机组受损,引发福岛核泄漏事故,对世界和我国液化天然气(LNG)产业的发展产生了深远的影响。短期来看,多家日本电力公司大量采购LNG弥补电力缺口,短期和现货LNG市场趋紧,价格上涨;长期来看,福岛核泄漏事故对世界各国的核电规划与发展造成影响,世界LNG潜在需求增加,长期LNG资源的价格博弈愈加激烈。LNG作为我国天然气供应的重要组成部分,对调整我国能源消费结构、实现我国碳减排目标、保障我国沿海地区天然气安全稳定供应意义重大。当前世界LNG市场形势复杂多变,建议继续密切跟踪国内外形势变化,及时调整资源合作与开发策略,实现我国液化天然气产业的可持续发展。     

广州市引进LNG的前景及发电行业的机遇

天然气作为一种清洁能源 ,具有良好的燃烧特性和广泛的用途 ,在我国的消费市场的发展潜力非常巨大。国家决定在广东省引进LNG(液化天然气 ) ,广州也将因此直接受益。如果能够解决好市场定价的关键问题 ,无论从环保效益还是经济效益 ,LNG在广州地区的推广使用都具有广阔的前景。LNG的引进同时也为广州市的发电行业提供了新的发展机遇     

上海天然气市场和液化天然气的现状与展望

2009年,上海能源供应体系自从引入液化天然气以来,进口液化天然气对全市天然气供应总量和来源多元化做出了重要贡献。2013年,液化天然气消费在全市天然气消费总量中占比达50%,在天然气供应体系中发挥了越来越重要的作用。近年来,上海天然气市场发生了深刻变化,天然气需求增长放缓,与2013年之前十多年的两位数增长形成了鲜明对比。为了更好地理解市场的基本面,首先回顾了上海天然气消费的历史趋势,随后分析了影响需求增长的驱动因素和约束条件,以判断未来天然气需求的趋势和液化天然气在市场中扮演的角色,认为天然气需求增长的潜力主要在民用及商业领域。结合分析可能的供应选择,其结论是未来液化天然气将继续作为上海天然气供应体系的主力气源,同时提供市场急需的灵活性以保障高峰时段的用气需求。     

A policy study examining the use of imported LNG for gas-fired power generation on the southeast coast of China

Since China's energy demand is growing quickly, speeding up the development of natural gas is an important substitute and supplement for coal and oil. The development of the natural gas market in many developing countries has demonstrated that the success of the whole project hinges upon the success of gas-fired power generation. However, under the current energy pricing system in China, the advantages of gas-fired power plants, such as low investment costs and high efficiency, have not been able to offset the low price of coal. The gas-fired power plants, both at downstream of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) industry and upstream of the power sector, are faced with a dilemma. In order to solve the problems facing gas-fired power projects while providing policy guidance for the future development of gas-fired power projects, the policy of gas-fired power generation using imported LNG on the southeastern coast of China was examined. This study aims to identify the position of the national energy strategy that China should import some LNG from the other countries, to guide the development of energy policy in this region, and to formulate some clear policy measures.     

LNG冷能在燃气轮机进气冷却系统中的应用

进气温度对燃机效率的影响非常大,如果利用LNG作为低温冷源,实现对燃气轮机进气的冷却,可提高燃机功率和LNG的利用效率。文中建立了翅片管式换热器的传热模型,计算换热器传热参数,为LNG在燃机进气冷却中的应用做铺垫。     

The emerging hydrogen economy and its impact on LNG

Hydrogen is gaining prominence as a critical tool for countries to meet decarbonisation targets. The main production pathways are based on natural gas or renewable electricity. LNG represents an increasingly important component of the global natural gas market. This paper examines synergies and linkages between the hydrogen and LNG values chains and quantifies the impact of increased low-carbon hydrogen production on global LNG flows. The analysis is conducted through interviews with LNG industry stakeholders, a review of secondary literature and a scenario-based assessment of the potential development of global low-carbon hydrogen production and LNG trade until 2050 using a novel, integrated natural gas and hydrogen market model. The model-based analysis shows that low-carbon hydrogen production could become a significant user of natural gas and thus stabilise global LNG demand. Furthermore, commercial and operational synergies could assist the LNG industry in developing a value chain around natural gas-based low-carbon hydrogen.     

Power generation potential of liquified natural gas regasification terminals

The share of liquified natural gas (LNG) in the international trade of natural gas (NG) is continually increasing. This presents increasing opportunities to build power plants to generate electricity at LNG regasification terminals rather than wasting the power generation potential of LNG at about −162°C by regasifying it by seawater, ambient air, or by burning NG. Typically, over 5% of the NG received at LNG plants is used to liquify the remaining incoming gaseous NG at environmental conditions. Theoretically, all the energy consumed at LNG liquefaction plants can be recovered at LNG regasification terminals. In this study, the theoretical and practical power generation potential of regasified LNG is investigated by performing energy and exergy analyses. It is shown that up to 0.191 kWh of electric power can be generated during the regasification of LNG per standard m³ of NG regasified. The potential economic gains associated with power generation at LNG regasification facilities are demonstrated by analyzing the 2018 LNG imports of Turkey as a case study and the world. It is shown that the 314 million tons of LNG imported globally in 2018 has the electric power generation potential of 88 billion kWh with a market value of over 10 billion USD. It also has the potential to offset 38 million tons of CO₂ emissions.     

Current status and future projections of LNG demand and supplies: A global prospective

An unceasing growth of gas consumption in domestic households, industry, and power plants has gradually turned natural gas into a major source of energy. Main drivers in this development are the technical and economic advantages of natural gas. It is a clean, versatile, and easily controllable fuel. On this basis, natural gas is often considered the form of energy that will be the “bridging fuel” to a sustainable energy system, sometime after 2050. Unlike other main sources of energy, such as oil and coal, gas is not traded on an actual world market. This paper provides an overview on demand and supplies of natural gas (LNG) in the past as a function of gas prices, gas technology (gas sweetening, liquefaction, shipping and re-gasification), and gas market and how they have changed recently. It also discusses the likely developments in global LNG demand for the period to the year 2030.