海岛核电厂址应急撤离能力分析研究

核电厂厂址选址阶段需要从应急角度考察厂址条件,为后续应急计划的有效实施打下良好的基础。我国之前的核动力厂厂址无论是滨海还是内陆均位于大陆之上,而鉴于海岛厂址地理环境条件的特殊性,为确保核电厂的纵深防御最后环节——应急响应的有效性,保护公众和环境,并借鉴其他核动力厂在应急审查中出现的问题,对海岛核电厂址应急撤离能力进行分析,从而为应急决策提供技术支持。以某拟建海岛核电厂址为例,基于目前的厂址条件,分别对通过跨海大桥撤离和轮船撤离进行了评估和模拟。     

太阳能热电站厂址选择影响因素分析

与常规燃煤电站和太阳能光伏电站不同,太阳能热电站厂址选择是一项受到各方面因素影响的综合性耦合性的工作。本文依据太阳能热发电技术自身特点,提取了资源性、自然性、市场性及环保性4个条件,分别详细论述分析影响太阳能热电站厂址选择的因素,从而形成完整的太阳能热发电电站厂址选择的影响因素体系,并分析厂址选择的方法。     

核电厂生物辐射影响评价参数研究

对ERICA程序及其计算参数进行了简要介绍,推荐了水生生态系统和陆生生态系统的不同生态系统类型以及滨海厂址和内陆厂址的不同厂址类型中计算参数的选取方法,研究成果对后续核电厂的生物辐射影响评价工作具有借鉴意义。     

水生生物辐射影响评价软件ERICA版本变化分析及工程应用

介绍了水生生物辐射影响评价软件ERICA程序的计算原理及评价准则,分析了程序新版本ERICA1.2与上一版本ERICA1.0相比的主要变化,并以我国某压水堆核电厂厂址为例,分别采用程序ERICA 1.0版和1.2版分析该电厂正常运行工况下液态流出物排放对厂址附近水生生物的辐射影响。结果表明,使用程序的两个版本计算该电厂两台机组正常运行时的液态流出物对厂址附近水生生物的影响都是可接受的,厂址附近水生生物是安全的。     

总图精细化设计在山区火电厂的应用

我国火力发电厂建设已经过了一个高峰期,厂址资源随着这次高峰期的建设越来越少,好的厂址资源已经基本被利用,现在建设或将要建设的厂址大部分都是条件较差的厂址,很多都位于边远山区,场地自然高差较大,需要大量的场平工作,具体表现在土石方工程量大、边坡及挡土墙工程量大、场地阶梯较多等。位于山区的火力发电厂,对总图进行精细化设计,可以有效地减少土石方、边坡及挡土墙工程量,减少厂区占地面积,减少拆迁工程等,带来很大的经济效益和社会效益。     

水电施工设施选址的模糊解释结构模型

在大型水利水电工程中，施工设施的厂址选择过程是复杂的，限制条件相互关联、相互制约，给决策分析带来困难．本文在建立厂址优化模型时，将数学模型和模糊解释模型有机地结合起来分析厂址的选择，充分反映决策问题的主次关系，层次结构关系．实例分析说明这种决策方法能降低优化模型的线数，减少计算难度，使决策更合理、有效．     

彭泽光伏项目质量管理实践与探讨

彭泽核电在厂址保护过程中开拓思路,转被动为主动,进行了保护性光伏开发,有效增进了地方政企关系,创造了经济价值。在光伏开发过程中,积极借鉴核电的管理经验,充分利用厂址已有的资源设备,通过优化方案选型、夯实管理体系、严格供方管理、强化过程控制等措施,保证了工程质量的全面受控,并提前实现了节点目标。通过对核电厂址保护的新思路的探讨,对光伏建设质量管理的经验分享,以期为后续项目提供借鉴和参考。     

江西彭泽核电光伏电站设备采购经验反馈与良好实践

核电厂址是稀缺资源,随着日本福岛核事故后核电建设进度陷入低迷和核电厂址周围经济快速发展双重影响,核电厂址保护压力越来越大,江西彭泽核电利用核电厂址空闲土地,建设光伏电站等新能源项目,并将核电项目管理知识体系与实践用于光伏等新能源项目设备采购过程中。从设备采购管理模式选择、管理体系建立、采购计划编制、采购包划分、采购文件准备、分级监造、到货验收、备品备件管理等多方面进行总结。反馈设备采购管理工作中的良好实践和经验教训,通过经验反馈,提升后续类似项目管理水平。     

我国大型核电厂厂址资源保护探讨

福岛核事故后,我国发展核电更加审慎.发展核电对于保证能源安全,环境保护,工业发展,人才培养有重要意义.核电厂选址需要考虑诸多因素,并且条件苛刻,因此适合建造大型核电厂的厂址是有限的.考虑核电的长远发展,核电厂厂址作为一项资源,其稀缺性将会进一步凸显.国家立法机关做好立法工作;行政主管部门做好规划和监管,地方政府负责具体政策落实,加强合作;核电开发企业做好资金保障和科普宣传;新闻媒体做好政府与公众之间的沟通.这些措施有利于核电厂厂址的保护,能为核电的长远发展做出贡献.     

浙江沿海三门大型火电厂前期工作情况介绍

一、前期工作简况 1985—1986年,我县配合浙江省电力设计院,先后在三门湾猫头洋海岸线选出牛山、洋市涂、大路湾240万kW和健跳港内猫儿屿、鸡公屿、岙口塘120kW火电厂址各三座,编入浙江省电力设计院《浙江省大中型火电厂址初选报告》上册。从1987年开始,     

锅炉钢结构节点设计中高强度螺栓连接副的应用

介绍了锅炉钢结构中常用的几种高强度螺栓,并详细叙述了在锅炉钢结构节点设计中的受力计算,长度选择,螺栓保存和现场安装及其施拧机具等内容。     

1MW高倍聚光光伏发电并网系统的设计

本文选云南石林地区为电站场址,通过对高倍聚光光伏组件选择、光伏阵列运行方式选择、光伏阵列设计及布置方案、并网逆变器选型等光伏发电系统构成方面进行了研究设计.分析得出该电站的理论年发电量为170.07万kWh,具有良好的经济效益和环保效益.     

火电与核电的厂址选择及差异性分析

针对建设节约型企业的要求,对火电与核电的厂址选择的差异性进行了分析,以达到节约建设用地的目的,对建成节约型企业具有指导意义。     

Optimum siting of wind turbine generators

This paper investigates optimum siting of wind turbine generators from the viewpoint of site and wind turbine generator selection. The methodology of analysis is based on the accurate assessment of wind power potential of various sites. The analytical computations of annual and monthly capacity factors are done using the Weibull statistical model using cubic mean cube root of wind speeds. As many as fifty-four potential wind sites, with and without wind turbine installations, geographically distributed in different states of India are used for the siting analysis. As an outcome of this analysis several definitive conclusions of archival nature have been arrived at and are presented in the paper. If this analysis is done at the planning and development stages of installation of wind power stations, it will enable the wind power developer or the power utilities to make a judicious choice of potential site and wind turbine generator system from the available potential sites and wind turbine generators respectively     

基于ICOADS海浪资料的全球海域波浪能研究

利用ICOADS海浪资料对全球海域波浪能的分布特征进行评估,主要分析了波浪能的四季分布特征和涌浪指标,同时还发现全球海域存在6大涌浪池,为波浪能利用及波浪发电的选址提供参考。     

Opportunities for improving plantation productivity. How much? How quickly? How realistic?

Biomass production may be increased through greater utilization of existing resources, planting more area, and by implementing intensive silvicultural practices. This paper reviews the potential of intensive silviculture to increase productivity of short and longer rotation hardwood and conifer plantations. Some silvicultural treatments produced long-term growth and site improvements: species and provenance choice, tree breeding, improving rooting volume, applying high rates of fertilizers, and irrigation, all showed this potential. Short-term gains resulted from changes to stocking rates, rotation length, planting practices, tillage, weed control, and applying starter doses of fertilizer or nitrogenous fertilizer to pole stands.The largest gains came from site selection, species and provenance choice, draining wet sites and correcting nutrient deficiencies, followed by tree breeding and irrigation. Choice of stocking level and rotation length, planting practices, weed control, and fertilizing pole stands gave potentially large benefits (>25% gains) for short-rotation crops (<12–15 years). They produced lower benefits for longer rotation plantations. Starter fertilizers, tillage and utilizing thinnings had relatively low gains. Disease and insect control were difficult to assess.Managers should consider their current management level and practices, costs and benefits, social and environmental factors, practicality, and the time required for the benefits to be achieved. Further, growth improvements measured in research studies typically are not achieved in the field, with 15–25% reductions being commonly experienced. Quality control could reduce these losses.     

Normalized power curves as a tool for identification of optimumwind turbine generator parameters

This paper presents a novel method of matching wind turbine generators to a site using normalized power and capacity factor curves. The site matching is based on identifying optimum turbine speed parameters from turbine performance index curve, which is obtained from the normalized curves, so as to yield higher energy production at higher capacity factor. The wind speeds are parameterized using cubic mean cuberoot and statistically modeled using Weibull probability density function. An expression for normalized power and capacity factor, expressed entirely in normalized rated speed, is derived. Wind Turbine Performance Index, a new ranking parameter, is defined to optimally match turbines to a potential wind site. The plots of normalized power, capacity factor and turbine performance index versus normalized rated wind speed are drawn for a known value of Weibull shape parameter of a site. Usefulness of these normalized curves for identifying optimum wind turbine generator parameters for a site is presented by means of two illustrative case studies. The generalized curves, if used at the planning and development stages of wind power stations, will serve as useful tool to make a judicious choice of a wind turbine generator that yields higher energy at higher capacity factor     

The energy forestry production systems

When growing and using energy forests a long chain of steps is taken: choice of site, site characterization, amelioration, choice of plant material and spacing, land preparation, planting, management, harvest and handling, transport, conversion, production of hot water and electricity.

The economics of energy forestry must be improved to make the whole concept viable. Although the economics need strengthening, it has been agreed that energy forestry is one of the most promising alternatives to cereal crops on farm land. There are two main ways to improve the economics: to increase production of stemwood per area and time, and to lower the costs of production. Good achievements along these routes have been reached over the last three years. Improving each step in growing is being achieved gradually. Lowering the costs is a more stepwise process, for example as was the case when a modified maize harvester proved to work surprisingly well as an energy forestry harvester.

Introductary work done during the three-year period indicates that expert systems or decision support systems may play an important role to share and use the knowledge on energy forestry production systems. For immediate use, a handbook on how to grow short rotation forests has been made published.     

我国内陆核电选址决策思考及安全环境问题探讨

核能作为清洁绿色能源,是发展低碳经济的必然选择,在发展核电的同时更要重视其安全性;今后我国核电选址将是沿海、内陆并举,核电规划应符合总体国家安全,选址要与自然生态、城市规划和环境相协调,遵循审慎决策原则。厂址的安全性是保证核电厂安全运行的前提条件,随着厂址资源的日益稀缺,选址阶段需要关注的问题愈发复杂,除了考虑地质水文气象、水资源等自然条件,人口密度分布、大气水体弥散条件、公众参与和核事故应急响应等也是影响厂址成立的主要因素,需要做深入探讨。结合国情不断地完善我国的核安全法规标准体系和核监管体系,从而保证核电厂从选址、设计、建造、运行和退役整个过程都是安全可靠经济的。     

关于电站抽真空设备的选择

汽轮发电机组在启动和正常运行过程中,抽真空设备都要投入运行,其工作的正常与否直接影响凝汽器的真空以及机组能否安全、经济运行。结合结构、性能等方面详细分析了目前广泛使用的3种抽真空设备——射汽抽气器、射水抽气器和水环真空泵的优缺点,综合考虑地区、成本、机组规模等因素完成抽真空设备的合理选择。