槽式太阳能热发电站镜场设计探讨

太阳能镜场是槽式太阳能热发电系统的关键系统,是太阳能热电站设计的难点,对太阳能热电站能否稳定、高效运行至关重要。分析了槽形抛物面聚光器的光学性能和热力学性能,在此基础上探讨了槽式太阳能热电站镜场聚光器阵列设计和定位布置设计方法。     

浅谈太阳能教学楼的设计

该文介绍了太阳能教学楼的建筑构造设计、太阳能集热器的设计及在教学楼上利用太阳能的可行性．     

太阳能灯具的和谐化设计

将和谐化设计理念引入太阳能灯具的设计中,运用实例分析法,阐述了为达到太阳能灯具与本身单元间、人、环境之间的和谐,应如何进行设计,为以后太阳能灯具的和谐化设计提供了理论依据。     

诸城太阳能热水工程控制系统的设计

太阳能热水系统的控制系统设计是保证其可靠运行的关键,介绍了太阳能热水系统的工作原理及工程控制方案,供工程人员进行太阳能控制设计时参考。     

垃圾填埋场封场后的太阳能光伏发电的应用和系统设计

在综合分析垃圾填埋场再利用的现状和太阳能光伏发电技术的基础上,对比国外太阳能光伏系统应用于垃圾填埋场的两种主要形式,详述在设计安装时需考虑的太阳能系统的质量、风雪的负载及坡面的稳定性问题及其解决方法。最后对柔性太阳能光伏发电在垃圾填埋场的应用给出薄膜层覆盖方法、坡度设计、太阳电池安装、面积设计以及填埋气体收集几个方面的设计原则,便于我国垃圾填埋场封场后的太阳能发电系统的选型和设计。     

绿色建筑节能技术集成示范——道格拉斯"零能耗"别墅

道格拉斯别墅是中美合作项目,总体建筑面积1252m^2。该建筑以“零能耗”为设计建造标准,综合运用了太阳能热水、太阳能制冷采暖、太阳能鹅卵石跨季节蓄能、太阳能烟囱、地源热、太阳能光伏发电、被动式太阳房、温屏节能门窗、高效围护保温体系、建筑外遮阳、无线远程监控等多项建筑节能技术。项目2007年开始策划设计2010年竣工完成,建筑主体设计风格采用了中国古代园林建筑形式,由于其独特的建筑风格与先进的太阳能技术,使其成为中国传统园林建筑与现代太阳能技术结合的典范之作。     

太阳能新发明

太阳能烧结机日前,来自皇家艺术学院产品设计专业设计的Markus Kayser,设计了一台神奇的机器——太阳能烧结机。它能在全自动的情况下,利用太阳能3D打印机设计模型将沙子转化成玻璃制品。这台设备由7部分组成:光伏面板、聚焦镜、     

太阳能低温干燥系统工艺设计参数的研究

本文探讨了太阳能低温干燥系统的工艺设计参数问题,提出干燥工艺设计计算应以等速干燥阶段的平均蒸发量作为热量衡算和排湿风量的设计依据,并以太阳能腊肠干燥为例,导出了确定太阳能低温干燥系统工艺设计基本参数的数学模型。     

首届“嘉普通”杯太阳能建筑设计竞赛圆满落幕

2011年国际金属太阳能产业联盟(IMSIA)首届"嘉普通"杯太阳能建筑设计竞赛已圆满落幕。本竞赛是面向全国的创新设计活动,目的在于推动太阳能建筑一体化设计的推广和示范,探索太     

太阳能建筑在高原地区的实践

青藏高原地区气候恶劣、常规能源匮乏,但太阳能资源丰富。当地农牧民住宅建设水平较低,居住舒适度较差,通过太阳能建筑在高原地区的实践,在改善居住环境的同时考虑了经济性。本文从住宅的布局设计、围护结构保温设计、被动太阳能技术设计等方面,总结了适用于高寒地区农村的太阳能建筑技术。     

Design considerations for residential solar heating and cooling systems utilizing evacuated tube solar collectors

As solar heating systems become a commercial reality, greater efforts are now being employed to incorporate solar cooling components in order to obtain a complete solar heating and cooling system and thus take advantage of the cost-effectiveness of year-round use of the solar equipment. Because of the exceptional performance and high efficiency of evacuated tube solar collectors, these advanced collectors are receiving considerable attention for use in solar heating and cooling systems. While improved performance is readily obtained with these sophisticated solar collectors, there are also numerous difficulties and problems associated with their use in a solar system. This paper addresses many of the design considerations which must be included in any realistic solar system design. Most of the considerations presented here are based on the experience gained in the design and performance of the solar heating and cooling systems for CSU Solar Houses I-IV.     

A design procedure for solar heating systems

This paper is concerned with the design of solar space and water heating systems for residences. A simulation model capable of estimating the long-term thermal performance of solar heating systems is described. The amount of meteorological data required by the simulation in order to estimate long-term performance is investigated. The information gained from many simulations is used to develop a general design procedure for solar heating systems. The result is a simple graphical method requiring monthly average meteorological data which architects and heating engineers can use to design economical solar heating systems. A method of estimating the monthly average radiation on tilted surfaces is given in the Appendix.     

农村太阳能供暖住宅

以农村住宅进行太阳能供暖模拟试验得出的结论为依据,提出农村太阳能供暖住宅的设计方案:①提高农村住宅的保温隔热性能.降低建筑能耗;②要创新太阳能供暖设备,提高供暖系统的热效率;③实施太阳能与建筑一体化,使住宅热负荷与太阳能集热器的有用热量相匹配,实现农村住宅的主房间室内温度常年保持在16℃～28℃之间波动,居住舒适.     

基于形体要素的建筑太阳能采暖效率计算方法

为构建简便有效的基于建筑形体要素的太阳能采暖潜力评价方法,以额济纳旗、西安为例,开展西部太阳能采暖效率计算方法研究。将建筑高宽比、高长比、南向窗墙面积比作为太阳能采暖热利用关联紧密的形体要素,经过正交试验、动态能耗模拟、数理统计分析等方法得到基于建筑形体要素的建筑太阳能采暖潜力函数。将该函数图形化表达发现增大建筑高宽比、南向窗墙面积比均能优化建筑太阳能采暖效率。给出在额济纳旗和西安提升建筑太阳能采暖效率的有效措施。该研究并非旨在取代动态模拟工具,而是为建筑设计初期构建一种简便的太阳能采暖设计的热性能分析方法。     

光照资源富集区太阳能集中供热系统容量配置及热网管径协同设计优化研究

针对常规太阳能供热系统优化设计中太阳集热供热站设计与供热管网设计相互分离,供热管网热传输过程中热损失难以精准计算的问题,建立太阳能集中供热系统容量配置及热网管径协同优化模型,以系统全生命周期成本最小为优化目标,采用遗传算法求解,并通过具体算例与常规优化方法以及工程设计方法的计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明,利用协同优化模型进行太阳能集中供热系统设计,能够有效避免设计系统太阳能保证率偏小以及供热管网比摩阻不满足规范要求的现象。针对具体算例,当太阳能保证率由50%增至100%时,系统最优最低供水温度从60℃降至45℃;随着太阳能保证率的升高,系统单位太阳集热器面积所匹配的储热水箱体积增大,而系统供热管网管径保持不变。     

Design, analysis and performance of low-cost plastic film large solar water heating systems

Although the use of solar energy is obvious for the energy intensive nature of low-grade heating processes, solar heating technology has not yet become commercially available even in favorable geographical locations with high solar potential. This is not surprising, taking into consideration the unreasonably high cost of solar plants relative to the level of technology of most of the commercially available components and systems. In the present work an improved low-cost large solar heating system design has been proposed, based on earlier design developments, suitable for applications in mild sunny climates where the prospects for the promotion of solar heating technology are very favorable. An analysis is developed which allows design and operational behaviour predictions of the physical system. Long-term efficiency and typical input-output performance is also investigated based on statistically processed long-term meteorological measurements for Athens, Greece. Derived results indicate that substantial performance would be expected for the proposed fractional cost system design. This may probably lead to market expansion of large solar heating plants through “commitment based” promotion schemes.     

Cost of house heating with solar energy

There has long been a need for a practical method of predicting the true cost of heating a house with solar energy and designing the heating system (solar and auxiliary) to achieve the minimum total annual heating cost possible under the particular climatic, geographic, and residential characteristics involved. Rough approximations based on various types of averaged values of weather and seasonal variables have previously been developed, but the reliability of such methods and results is open to question. The authors have therefore made a rigorous analysis of projected solar heating costs in eight U.S. cities and have optimized the heating system design in each location.The analysis involved the use of a high speed computer and approximately 400,000 hourly observations in eight cities of radiation, temperature, wind, solar altitude, cloud cover, and humidity. Equations for performance of flat plate solar collectors and sensible heat storage systems were developed and programmed with the above weather variables and with eight design parameters comprising house size, collector size, storage size, collector tilt, number of transparent surfaces in collector, hot water demand, insulation on storage unit, and thermal capacity of collector. Capital and operating costs were quantitatively related to heating system design parameters, and the values of all design variables which yielded lowest annual heating cost in each city were then selected.The findings are presented in the form of two tables and ten graphs, showing heating costs as functions of various design and location factors. The relative importance of each factor is discussed, and the overall costs of solar heating are compared with the costs of conventional heat supply in each location. The method for designing the least-cost combination of solar and conventional heat supplies is also shown, and an example of the use of the method is presented.     

小型太阳能采暖建筑节能性能指标简化计算

以小型太阳能采暖建筑本体太阳能利用性能指标为研究对象。基于中国1042个城镇1988—2017年间太阳辐射照度及室外空气温度逐时数据,构建符合居住建筑节能设计标准的小型太阳能采暖建筑的太阳能采暖率（SHF）与太阳能得热负荷比（SLR）关系式。同时,获得全国典型城市计算月透过玻璃的总得热量,为太阳能得热负荷比（SLR）的简化计算提供条件。该研究简化了设计方案初期判断建筑可利用太阳能采暖水平的方法,为建筑一体化设计和助力碳中和战略目标的顺利实施提供了基础支撑。     

Characteristics, design implications, and applicability of passive solar heating systems for buildings

The paper reviews the performance characteristics of various passive solar heating systems for buildings, the main design factors affecting their performance, the relative advantages and main problems associated with them, and their applicability to different building types and climatic regions. Emphasis is placed on the architectural design issues associated with the different passive solar heating systems and to the problems that may be encountered when passive solar heating is applied in regions with hot summers.     

Design and performance of large low-cost solar water heating systems

An analysis is presented for the monthly performance evaluation of a simple design low cost solar water heating systems. A sample of typical results is presented which confirms their suitability as solar heating systems for summer peacking or as solar preheaters for year around loads.