基于Modelica的回热型微型燃气轮机动态模拟

以Bowman TG80微型燃气轮机为研究对象,采用模块化的建模方法,基于Modelica/Dymola平台建立了回热型微型燃气轮机的全工况动态热力系统及控制系统模型。根据试验数据对模型不同负荷下的发电效率进行了对比,并通过验证模型的启动、连续变负荷和停机动态过程,确定了多个关键技术参数。最后,分析了阶跃升降25%负荷过渡过程中不同回热器热惯性、转轴转动惯量、燃烧室容积惯性和控制器参数的系统动态响应。结果表明：不同负荷下的发电效率与试验值吻合良好,设计工况相对误差为0.11%,部分负荷最大相对误差为3.58%;根据停机工况确定的转动惯量和高温气道质量分别为0.016 kg·m²和5 kg,启动和连续变负荷过程与试验数据吻合较好;回热器热惯性和转轴转动惯量是影响系统响应特性的主要因素,回热器和转轴轻量化有利于实现更优的动态响应;合理的PID控制参数可以优化控制品质,比例增益和积分时间对控制效果的影响较大,微分时间作用不明显。     

基于某百千瓦级微型燃气轮机的HAT循环热力系统设计与分析

为了研究基于微型燃气轮机的湿空气透平(humid air turbine, HAT)循环用于热电联供的热力性能,建立了某百千瓦级回热循环微型燃气轮机及其HAT循环的热力性能模型,优化了循环参数,分析了压损与换热温差对循环效率的影响,并对HAT循环热电联供效率与回热循环进行了比较分析。研究表明基于回热循环微型燃气轮机构建的HAT循环折合发电效率可以达到29.66%,比回热循环提高4.28个百分点。HAT循环的热电比范围为0～2.8,回热循环的热电比范围为0～2.4。当热电比为0～1.6时,HAT循环热电联供效率高于回热循环;当热电比为1.6～2.4时,回热循环效率高于HAT循环。本研究为HAT循环热电联供系统的设计与应用提供参考。     

耦合太阳能的燃气轮机动态性能与控制特性研究

为深入研究耦合太阳能对燃机动态特性的影响,建立耦合太阳能的燃气轮机以及相应控制系统的动态模型。分析槽式集热器不同耦合方式对系统稳态性能的影响以及受到外界负荷及太阳直射辐射（DNI）扰动时各参数的动态响应,研究槽式集热器金属热容对系统动态特性的影响,针对比例积分（PI）控制,研究相应参数对系统调节效果的影响。结果表明,采用集热器布置在回热器前时,系统的排气温度相对较高,但系统效率会相对较低,受到外界负荷扰动时,系统响应更加迅速,采用集热器布置在回热器后时则可得到更高的燃料节省量;DNI变化时2种方式的系统响应速度相同;当集热器金属热容较小时,系统的响应时间主要受控制系统及回热器惯性影响,随着热容增加,调节集热器惯性参数为改变系统动态响应时间的最有效方式;比例系数K_p与积分系数K_i应合理选取,过大或过小均会使系统失调的危险性提高。     

带回热微型燃气轮机系统动态过程分析

分析了微型燃气轮机的动态数学模型,利用解析方法,求解了带回热单轴燃气轮机动态方程,对定转速和变转速两种情况下微型燃气轮机负荷变化和甩负荷的动态过程进行了仿真,提出了机组变工况动态性能优化和控制优化的途径。该研究能够为实际机组的运行和系统性能参数的合理匹配提供理论指导。     

回热器对汽轮机动态响应特性的影响研究

建立能够准确反映汽轮机动态响应特性的仿真模型对于汽轮机调节相关研究工作具有重要意义，但是汽轮机模型动态响应特性与模型结构具有直接联系，若模型结构过于简单，则无法反映真实特性，若模型过于复杂，则会增加建模工作难度，并且容易带来过拟合等其他问题。因此，本文以回热器部分为例，研究其存在与否对汽轮机整体响应特性的影响。本文利用传统汽轮机模型与带回热器汽轮机模型进行相关仿真，通过对比分析了回热器对汽轮机动态响应过程的影响及回热器的频域特性，并通过试验对相关结论进行了验证。     

300MW重型燃气轮机数学建模与动态仿真

采用模块化建模的方法,推导建立了考虑压气机级间抽气和透平级内进气的新一代F级300 MW重型燃气轮机及其控制系统的数学模型。在Matlab/Simulink平台对该系统的动态响应特性进行了仿真研究。结果表明,所建立的数学模型能够准确地实现机组变负荷过程控制,所采用的控制系统有较好的稳定性,并能够满足安全性要求,同时随着燃烧室时间常数的减小,其对系统动态性能的影响也在减小,烟气热惯性的影响不可忽略。     

基于SIMULINK的单轴重型燃气轮机模型动态仿真研究

为进一步验证在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境中建立的燃气轮机系统模型能否反映燃气轮机复杂的动态特性,本文以西门子V64.3型重型燃气轮机为研究对象,进行了甩负荷过程的模拟.仿真研究结果表明,该模型能够正确反映燃气轮机系统甩负荷过程的动态特性,满足安全性要求,符合燃机的运行规律.该模型可以用于下一步燃气轮机控制系统的设计研究工作.     

机械驱动用单轴燃气轮机动态模型研究

随着燃气轮机性能的不断提高,其应用范围也越来越广。除用在燃气轮机电站及联合循环电站中外,同时也越来越多地用作变转速的机械驱动动力。本文给出了作为机械驱动力的单轴燃气轮机及其控制系统模型,结合实际情况对其进行了简化,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下对升减负荷、升减转速以及甩负荷过程进行了模拟。模拟结果与实际物理过程相吻合,因此,此模型可以用于单轴燃气轮机及其控制系统的研究。     

间接连接区域供热系统动态特性及控制策略仿真

基于质量和能量守恒定律及传热学原理创建间接连接区域供热系统动态模型。应用此模型,模拟分析不同循环质量流量时系统动态过程,并讨论存在管道热损失、补水、换热器及散热器富裕面积对系统动态特性的影响。结合2012年2月13日~2月19日逐时室外温度对整个系统进行动态模拟。结果表明:系统特征点温度响应与实测值误差较小,证明所建动态模型的准确性和实用价值。为补偿室外温度波动对供热系统的影响,采用四种PI控制策略模拟系统动态响应和分析比较其能耗。模拟分析显示:在室内温度控制方面,锅炉燃料质量流量与末端散热装置循环质量流量联合控制具有最佳控制精度;在系统能耗方面,锅炉燃料质量流量与一次网循环水量联合控制能耗最小,且管网温度波动最小,但个别时段室内温度波动略高。     

HAT循环仿真模型研究综述与展望

文中介绍了新型高效热力循环——HAT循环的概念、优点，以及国内外对HAT循环仿真模型的研究现状，在此基础上提出了建立HAT循环动态仿真模型的必要性和可行性。     

Development of a gas turbine performance analysis program and its application

A general-purpose performance prediction program, which can simulate various types of gas turbine such as simple, recuperative, and reheat cycle engines, has been developed. A stage-stacking method has been adopted for the compressor, and a stage-by-stage model including blade cooling has been used for the turbine. The combustor model has the capability of dealing with various types of gaseous fuels. The program has been validated through simulation of various commercial gas turbines. The simulated design performance has been in good agreement with reference data for all of the gas turbines. The average deviations of the predicted performance parameters (power output, thermal efficiency, and turbine exhaust temperature) were less than 0.5% in the design simulations. The accuracy of the simulation of off-design operation was also good. The maximum root mean square deviations of the predicted off-design performance parameters from the reference data were 0.22% and 0.44% for the two simple cycle engines, 0.22% for the recuperative cycle engine, and 0.21% for the reheat cycle engine. Both the design and off-design simulations confirmed that the component models and the program structure are quite reliable for the performance prediction of various types of gas turbine cycle over a wide range of operations.     

有无后冷器的微燃气轮机HAT循环性能比较

基于某80kW微燃气轮机回热循环改造工作,比较了有后冷器和无后冷器的HAT(Humid Air Turbine)循环性能和需要增加的换热器面积。研究结果表明,对于所研究的微燃气轮机,有、无后冷器的HAT循环系统折合效率和折合输出功相当,与有后冷器的HAT循环相比,无后冷器的HAT循环湿化器更高,体积更大,但是由于省掉了后冷器,其总换热面积(后冷器、湿化器、省煤器换热面积之和)更小,即意味着其投资更低,且无后冷器的HAT循环系统结构更简单,将使系统更加紧凑且控制更容易。     

Characteristics of hydrogen-fueled gas turbine cycle with intercooler,hydrogen turbine and hydrogen heater

The performances of a hydrogen-fueled gas turbine cycle equipped with an intercooler, regenerator, hydrogen turbine and recuperative hydrogen heater are analyzed. The intercooler is very effective to prevent the condensation and freezing of water vapor in cooling the suction air. The operation of hydrogen turbine in low-temperature range can also be prevented by adopting hydrogen heater. Thermodynamic analysis has revealed that the thermal efficiency and the specific output are considerably improved compared to those of the simple gas turbine cycle.     

溴化锂吸收式热泵的动态建模及运行特性分析

为充分挖掘吸收式热泵的动态运行特性,考虑各部件存量工质的储热特性建立考虑传质和分布参数的溴化锂吸收式热泵动态仿真模型。在机组各设备存量工质质量不同的情况下,分析了热源工质进口温度的提升对冷却水和冷媒水出口温度的动态影响及系统的热惯性特征,同时在热源工质进口、冷却水进口和冷媒水进口温度变化的情况下,分析了系统的性能系数(Coefficient of Performance, COP)变化特性及结晶风险变化特性。结果表明：该模型能准确地模拟吸收式热泵的稳态特性和动态特性;机组的热惯性主要与机组内各设备中的存量溶液质量有关;热源工质入口温度的上限受到系统COP及结晶风险的双重影响;冷却水入口温度的下降可增大系统COP,其下限受到结晶风险的限制;冷媒水入口温度的上限不受结晶特性限制;主要受用户侧的用能需求限制。     

注蒸汽燃气轮机供油规律研究

利用MATALB软件对注蒸汽燃气轮机工况间的过渡过程进行仿真计算。在建模过程中采用了模块化建模的思想,考虑了对燃气轮机系统影响较大的转动惯性、容积惯性及蒸汽发生系统的热惯性,模型具有较好的通用性。研究注蒸汽燃气轮机在加速(减速)过渡过程的供油规律,分析了3种不同供油规律对燃机系统的影响,得到了较适合的供油规律,能够为燃气轮机控制系统的设计和优化提供一定参考。     

基于SIMULNK的单轴重型燃气轮机建模与仿真研究

通过面向对象的模块化建模方法,在MATLAB／SIMULINK软件中建立了燃气轮机部件模块库,并进行了燃气轮机系统变工况仿真研究。为了提高仿真精度,本文采用变比热容的计算方法,并考虑气体组分的变化对整个系统模型的影响,建立了一种考虑容积惯性和转动惯性的、非线性的单轴重型燃气轮机实时动态仿真模型。仿真结果表明,该模型设计合理、结构清晰,可应用于重型燃气轮机控制系统的研制和测试,并具有很好的通用性和扩展性。     

Cycle analysis of an integrated solid oxide fuel cell and recuperative gas turbine with an air reheating system

Cycle simulation and analysis for two kinds of SOFC/GT hybrid systems were conducted with the help of the simulation tool: Aspen Custom Modeler. Two cycle schemes of recuperative heat exchanger (RHE) and exhaust gas recirculated (EGR) were described according to the air reheating method. The system performance with operating pressure, turbine inlet temperature and fuel cell load were studied based on the simulation results. Then the effects of oxygen utilization, fuel utilization, operating temperature and efficiencies of the gas turbine components on the system performance of the RHE cycle and the EGR cycle were discussed in detail. Simulation results indicated that the system optimum efficiency for the EGR air reheating cycle scheme was higher than that of the RHE cycle system. A higher pressure ratio would be available for the EGR cycle system in comparison with the RHE cycle. It was found that increasing fuel utilization or oxygen utilization would decrease fuel cell efficiency but improve the system efficiency for both of the RHE and EGR cycles. The efficiency of the RHE cycle hybrid system decreased as the fuel cell air inlet temperature increased. However, the system efficiency of EGR cycle increased with fuel cell air inlet temperature. The effect of turbine efficiency on the system efficiency was more obvious than the effect of the compressor and recuperator efficiencies among the gas turbine components. It was also indicated that improving the gas turbine component efficiencies for the RHE cycle increased system efficiency higher than that for the EGR cycle.     

核蒸汽轮机系统数模混合实时仿真

本文建立了核动力装置蒸汽轮机系统的数学模型和数模混合实时仿真模型,考虑了汽水分离器ＭＳ容积惯和热惯性对系统的影响,     

Performance analysis of humid air turbine cycle with solar energy for methanol decomposition

According to the physical and chemical energy cascade utilization and concept of synthesis integration of variety cycle systems, a new humid air turbine (HAT) cycle with solar energy for methanol decomposition has been proposed in this paper. The solar energy is utilized for methanol decomposing as a heat source in the HAT cycle. The low energy level of solar energy is supposed to convert the high energy level of chemical energy through methanol absorption, realizing the combination of clean energy and normal chemical fuels as compared to the normal chemical recuperative cycle. As a result, the performance of normal chemical fuel thermal cycle can be improved to some extent. Though the energy level of decomposed syngas from methanol is decreased, the cascade utilization of methanol is upgraded. The energy level and exergy losses in the system are graphically displayed with the energy utilization diagrams (EUD). The results show that the cycle’s exergy efficiency is higher than that of the conventional HAT cycle by at least 5 percentage points under the same operating conditions. In addition, the cycle’s thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency and solar thermal efficiency respond to an optimal methanol conversion.