污泥吸附剂的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的去除研究

以城市污水厂脱水污泥、锯末和焦油的混合物为原料,选择ZnCl2为活化剂制备出过渡孔发达、强度大的优质污泥吸附剂(S-AC),借助BET、FTIR、DT等现代分析测试方法对污泥吸附剂进行表征,并通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线来研究污泥吸附剂的吸附性能;同时,将吸附剂应用于亚甲基蓝溶液的处理,并选择商品活性炭(AC)进行对照试验。结果表明,制得的污泥吸附剂的BET比表面积为358.0 m2/g;在试验浓度范围内,污泥吸附剂在温度分别为20、30和40℃时对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量分别为57.13、59.37和61.79 mg/g,试验数据均符合Freundlich吸附等温方程;吸附剂的动力学数据均符合液膜扩散方程,液膜扩散为吸附过程的主控步骤。     

生物玻璃纳米球制备及对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

制备了一种新型生物玻璃纳米球(BGN),研究了该材料对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。结果表明,在p H值为7~12时,吸附效果均较好。亚甲基蓝去除率在反应前30 min急剧增加,在100 min时达到平衡。吸附反应符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型。在30℃时,材料的饱和吸附量为80 mg/g,且吸附量随温度的升高而增大,为吸热反应。材料可有效分离、回收和再生,是一种优良的吸附剂。     

超声波微波协同制备Ti-MCM-41及其对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,在超声微波的协同作用中合成不同Si/Ti的介孔分子筛Ti-MCM-41并采用XRD和IR对样品结构进行表征.以Si/Ti=20的Ti-MCM-41为催化剂,通过对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能考察了吸附时间、吸附溶液浓度、催化剂用量、pH值、温度对脱色率和降解率的影响.结果得出吸附时间为2h,亚甲基蓝浓度为0.10mg·L-1,TiMCM-41的用量为0.04g,pH为7,温度为30℃时介孔分子筛Ti-MCM-41对亚甲基蓝的脱色率和降解率最高,可达59.6%和95%.     

蛭石微细粉的特性及其吸附亚甲基蓝的研究

为了探明天然蛭石对于有机阳离子染料的吸附特性,本文系统表征了气流粉粹得到的蛭石微细粉的物相组成、粒度分布、孔径分布、比表面积、Zeta电位;研究了在不同pH值、固液比、时间、亚甲基蓝浓度条件下蛭石微细粉对亚甲基蓝的吸附量和去除率.结果表明,该蛭石微细粉的主要矿物相为蛭石,含有少量的云母,平均粒径为21.65μm,比表面积为12.63m^2/g,表面呈负电荷.在pH值呈中碱性时蛭石对亚甲基蓝的吸附量最大.在固液比为3g/L、浓度为50mg/L、吸附时间为8h的条件下,蛭石对亚甲基蓝浓度的吸附量为16.42mg/g,去除率达到98.54％.     

改性焦粉吸附处理亚甲基蓝印染废水研究

本文以焦粉为原料,采用过二硫酸铵化学法改性焦粉,将其应用于亚甲基蓝印染废水处理,初步得出改性焦粉吸附处理亚甲基蓝废水工艺条件为：振荡时间80min、pH值≥10、改性焦粉用量0．8g、亚甲基蓝废水初始浓度小于20mg／L。拟合实验数据得出改性焦粉对亚甲基蓝的吸附属于Langmuir单分子层吸附;研究了不同温度下的平衡参数（RL）与亚甲基蓝初始浓度（G）的关系,RL都处于0～1之间,表明改性焦粉对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能较好。     

有机质对土壤吸附性能的影响研究

采用了砂土与有机肥按不同比例配制有机质含量不同的4种土样为吸附剂,研究土壤对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附性能.实验结果表明,4种土样对亚甲基蓝均有较好的吸附性能.20℃时,吸附规律较好的符合langmuir吸附等温式;pH对吸附性能有较大影响,且随有机质含量的增加,影响加强;有机质的存在可提高土壤对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力;土壤对亚甲基蓝的解析量基本随吸附量的增加而增加,但是增加的幅度非常小.     

磁性生物活性炭的制备及其在印染废水脱色中的应用

通过化学共沉淀法制备磁性生物活性炭,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对其形貌结构进行表征分析,然后应用于亚甲基蓝溶液脱色的处理中。结果表明,当亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为10 mg/L,p H值为9,吸附时间为60 min,磁性生物活性炭的投加量为0. 05 g/L时,对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色率达到99%。     

玉米秸秆资源化的生物多孔碳吸附染料废水研究

将玉米秸秆用ZnCl_2活化后在氮气炉中550℃煅烧制备了生物炭,用XRD、FT-IR、SEM和BET对生物炭进行表征,分析了生物炭的晶相、表面官能团、形貌、比表面积及孔径。并研究了活化程度、生物炭的用量、溶液的初始浓度、pH、温度等条件对生物炭吸附印染废水中亚甲基蓝(MB)、罗丹明B(RhB)的影响。实验结果表明,经浓度为30wt%的ZnCl_2溶液活化的生物炭比表面积高达2 067.9 m~2/g,对浓度分别为100 mg/L、25 mg/L的亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B吸附率最高达到了97.1%和99.9%,并且在5次循环使用后仍有良好的吸附效果。     

水化普通硅酸盐水泥颗粒吸附水中磷酸盐研究

以水化普通硅酸盐水泥颗粒为吸附剂,研究了时间、温度和粒径等因素对其吸附PO3-4效果的影响.结果表明:在20℃,粒径0.5~1.0mm,初始PO3-4质量浓度100mg/L条件下,水化普通硅酸盐水泥颗粒吸附平衡时间为192h,平衡吸附量高达16.06mg/g;经0.25mol/L盐酸活化后,水化水泥颗粒对PO3-4的平衡吸附量增至18.54mg/g;粒径2.0~3.0mm的颗粒对PO3-4的吸附效果优于0.5~1.0mm和5.0~60mm的颗粒.吸附过程遵循假二级动力学模型,符合Freundlich等温方程.热力学解析的结果表明:酸活化水化水泥颗粒吸附PO3-4时焓变ΔH=7.56kJ/mol,熵变ΔS=0.0416kJ/（mol·K）;4,20℃的吉布斯自由能ΔG分别为-3.98,-4.65kJ/mol;酸活化水化水泥颗粒对PO3-4的吸附是一个以吸热、化学吸附为主,熵推动且自发的过程.     

烯烃装置产生的污泥制备活性炭的研究

以烯烃装置产生的污泥为原料、采用水蒸气活化法制备活性炭,考察了增碳剂、活化温度、活化时间、水蒸气用量等因素对活性炭性能的影响.结果表明,当增碳剂(秸秆)的添加量为25%(质量分数)、活化温度为900 ℃、活化时间为1 h、水蒸气用量为1.5 mL/g时,制备的活性炭得率为45.4%、碘吸附值为702.6 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为75 mL/g.采用所制备的活性炭处理城市生活污水,结果表明,其对污水的处理效果较好,对COD和色度的去除率分别为79.94%和95.83%.     

Removal of dyes from aqueous solution using fly ash and red mud

Fly ash and red mud have been employed as adsorbents for the removal of a typical basic dye, methylene blue, from aqueous solution. Heat treatment and chemical treatment have also been applied to the as-received fly ash and red mud samples. It is found that fly ash generally shows higher adsorption capacity than red mud. The raw fly ash and red mud show adsorption capacity at 1.4 x 10(-5) and 7.8 x 10(-6) mol/g, respectively. Heat treatment reduces the adsorption capacity for both fly ash and red mud but acid treatment by HNO(3) induces a different effect on fly ash and red mud. Nitric acid treatment results in an increase in adsorption capacity of fly ash (2.4 x 10(-5) mol/g) while it decreases the adsorption capacity for red mud (3.2 x 10(-6) mol/g). The adsorption data have been analysed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The results indicate that the Redlich-Peterson model provides the best correlation of the experimental data. Isotherms have also been used to obtain the thermodynamic parameters such as free energy, enthalpy and entropy of adsorption. For fly ash and red mud, adsorption of methylene blue is endothermic reaction with DeltaH(0) at 76.1 and 10.8 kJ/mol, respectively.     

生物沥浸改性后污泥基生物炭对Pb^2+和Cd^2+的吸附

为探索利用生物沥浸改性后污泥基生物炭去除废水中Pb^2+和Cd^2+的可行性,以生物沥浸改性后污泥为原料制备生物炭,并测定了该材料的性能和吸附特性。通过单因素试验研究了pH值、生物炭投加量对吸附Pb^2+、Cd^2+性能的影响,并利用吸附动力学和热力学来揭示吸附机制。试验结果表明,经生物沥浸改性后污泥基生物炭的重金属含量降低;吸附Pb^2+和Cd^2+的最佳pH值分别为5、6,最佳生物炭投加量均为2 g/L;其对Pb^2+和Cd^2+的吸附均能较好地符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温线模型,在25、35、45℃三种温度下对Pb^2+、Cd^2+的饱和吸附量分别为30.68、39.95、43.93 mg/g和19.82、28.58、32.29 mg/g,吸附过程均主要以物理吸附为主,且为吸热过程。     

改性焦粉的制备及其对亚甲基蓝吸附研究

以焦粉为原料,50％硝酸为改性剂,借助SEM表征其结构,将其应用于亚甲基蓝印染废水处理,考察了改性焦粉对亚甲基蓝吸附平衡时间、吸附速率;测定了不同温度的Langmuir、Freundlich等温方程参数、平衡参数、热力学参数。结果表明：硝酸改性焦粉是硝酸刻蚀焦粉表面增加孔结构、增大表面积的过程;改性焦粉吸附亚甲基蓝平衡时间为200min;在不同温度下吸附与Langmuir、Freundlich等温方程线性相关性较好;热力学参数表明该吸附过程是熵增的自发放热过程。     

Removal of anionic dye Congo red from aqueous solution by raw pine and acid-treated pine cone powder as adsorbent: equilibrium, thermodynamic, kinetics, mechanism and process design

Pine cone a natural, low-cost agricultural by-product in Australia has been studied for its potential application as an adsorbent in its raw and hydrochloric acid modified form. Surface study of pine cone and treated pine cone was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The modification process leads to increases in the specific surface area and decreases mean particle sizes of acid-treated pine cone when compared to raw pine cone biomass. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to remove anionic dye Congo red from aqueous solution. It was found that the extent of Congo red adsorption by both raw pine cone biomass and acid-treated biomass increased with initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature but decreased with increasing solution pH and amount of adsorbent of the system. Overall, kinetic studies showed that the dye adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics based on pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models. The different kinetic parameters including rate constant, half-adsorption time, and diffusion coefficient were determined at different physico-chemical conditions. Equilibrium data were best represented by Freundlich isotherm model among Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. It was observed that the adsorption was pH dependent and the maximum adsorption of 32.65 mg/g occurred at pH of 3.55 for an initial dye concentration of 20 ppm by raw pine cone, whereas for acid-treated pine cone the maximum adsorption of 40.19 mg/g for the same experimental conditions. Freundlich constant 'n' also indicated favourable adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters such as ?G(0), ?H(0), and ?S(0) were calculated. A single-stage batch absorber design for the Congo red adsorption onto pine cone biomass also presented based on the Freundlich isotherm model equation.     

凹凸棒石基复合吸附剂的制备及其对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

将活性氧化铝、凹凸棒石、淀粉以一定配比混合,造粒后制得一种复合吸附剂。表征了该种吸附剂在不同原料配比、焙烧温度下的吸附性能及散失率,研究了pH值、吸附质浓度对该种吸附剂吸附亚甲基蓝的影响。结果表明：这种复合吸附剂具有较强的吸附性能,散失率低,且在碱性条件下能更好的吸附水中亚甲基蓝。     

油页岩渣对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的实验研究

进行了油页岩渣对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附实验,探讨了亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液初始质量浓度以及pH值和温度对吸附效果的影响,结果表明,抚顺油页岩渣能有效去除水中的亚甲基蓝,并随着初始浓度的减小、pH值和温度的升高,油页岩渣对MB的吸附率增大。     

Attenuation of methylene blue dye during riverbank filtration through sandy aquifers

Although several studies have focused on the removal of organics and pathogens during riverbank filtration (RBF), no study has been carried out on the attenuation of dyes during RBF. In the present work, removal of methylene blue (MB) through aquifer materials collected from five RBF sites in India has been investigated. Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) surface areas of the aquifer materials were 1.2–6.5 m²/g. Adsorption followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Column results showed saturation capacity of 0.467–1.234 mg MB/g for different aquifer materials. Retardation factors for MB were found to be very high ranging from 430 to 987, due to its high hydrophobicity (octanol/water partition coefficient = 5.85). Results showed that BET surface area or the roughness played a very important role in the retardation of MB. Results suggest that the breakthrough of MB in a RBF well in sandy aquifers will take several years.     

合成碳羟基磷灰石对废水中锰离子的吸附研究

利用废弃的蛋壳制备碳羟基磷灰石(CHAP),研究了其对废水中Mn2+的吸附作用,并探讨了CHAP用量、Mn2+浓度、温度、pH对吸附效果的影响.试验结果表明:在pH值为6、温度为30℃、搅拌时间为1 h、CHAP用量为3 g/L、Mn2+初始浓度为70 mg/L的条件下,CHAP对Mn2+的去除率可达到97.9%,吸附容量为22.84 mg/g;CHAP对Mn2+的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Fre-undlich吸附等温式,吸附反应是自发放热过程;H0准二级动力学模型能较好地描述CHAP对Mn2+的动力学吸附行为.