结合燃气-蒸汽联合循环的液化天然气冷能发电利用

提出了结合燃气-蒸汽联合循环的利用液化天然气（liquefied natural gas,LNG）冷能的朗肯循环发电系统,实现LNG冷能梯级利用。朗肯循环蒸发器和燃气-蒸汽联合循环凝汽器换热量匹配一致,循环水系统实现闭式且不受环境温度影响。对系统进行模拟并分析了影响系统的主要参数,结果显示：随着朗肯循环冷凝温度的降低,朗肯循环净输出功率和净效率均有提升;随着循环水温度的提高,朗肯循环的净输出功率和净效率都将提高,而蒸汽轮机输出功率减少,但二者总的输出功率降低幅度不大。     

降低燃气轮机空气进口温度提高发电功效的方法

燃气轮机的性能与环境温度密切相关,环境温度越高,燃气轮机的出力越低,因此,降低燃气轮机的空气进气温度,可提高其发电功率和效率。本文简要的从热力学角度分析其原因,同时介绍降低燃气轮机空气进口温度的方法。     

应用LNG冷能的渔船冷库制冷模拟研究

我国LNG动力渔船数量逐渐增多,前景广阔。LNG在由储罐进入动力装置利用之前会释放出大量冷能,为了有效的利用这部分冷能,提出了将LNG冷能用于渔船发电及冷库制冷相结合冷能利用系统,实现了系统及冷库内部冷能的梯级利用。利用HYSYS软件对该冷库系统进行流程模拟及热力学计算分析。计算结果表明,该冷库系统的系统能效(COP)为1.86,效率为82.05%。其中LNG换热器的损失最大,为4.08 k W。实现了LNG动力渔船冷库冷能利用率及效率的大幅提高,节能效果显著,为LNG动力渔船冷能的高效利用提供了参考。     

冷库用准双级压缩制冷系统性能分析

为降低冷库用制冷系统压缩机排气温度、提高系统制冷效率,分析不同环境温度下低压补气技术对制冷系统性能的影响。结果表明：当库外温度为32℃时,库内温度由-5℃升至5℃,与不补气系统相比,低压补气系统的排气温度最高降低20.4℃,制冷量和COP分别最高提升18.5%和6.3%,压缩机功率降低0.85%～3.53%。当库内温度为0℃时,库外温度由28℃升至43℃,与不补气系统相比,低压补气系统的排气温度最高降低27℃,制冷量和COP分别最高提升11.86%和8.30%;库外温度为43℃时,低压补气系统排气温度低于70℃,运行稳定。     

微型燃气轮机与氨吸收式制冷机联合循环实验研究

将微型燃气轮机与氨吸收式制冷机联合运行,研究在不同环境温度,微型燃气轮机功率和效率关系,发现二者联合运行综合效率可以提高9．7％-13．5％,这为能源系统的优化设计、调控策略提供数据支撑。     

LNG重卡无相变换热冷能利用空调系统设计

阐述了LNG重型卡车空调系统冷能利用的设计原理,以LNG为实验介质,通过计算机仿真和实验台模拟试验检验了该系统的可行性。开发了基于LNG无相变低温换热冷能利用空调系统替代蒸汽压缩制冷机组,通过理论计算和空调系统装置实验表明:在环境温度30—35℃,LNG由储存温度-160℃汽化至环境温度15℃,流量为25.194 kg/h时,理论计算冷量释放达6.13 k W,冷回收换热器空调冷媒的进出口温度达-9℃、-15℃;重卡空调进、出口空气温度达35℃、14℃,空调出风量为0.278 m~3/s,静态运行时实际回收冷量1.69 k W,回收率达27.6%。设计冷回收空调系统运行良好,制冷迅速,满足重卡驾驶室空调冷负荷,这样既为LNG船舶和汽车等交通工具空调系统提供了一个有效的解决方案,又利于冷能回收,缓解传统电压缩空调对燃料的消耗。     

氩气微槽道焦-汤效应制冷器实验研究

汉普逊型J-T效应制冷器结构不紧凑,其支撑芯轴占据较大空间,换热效率低。为提高其换热性能,将换热效率高的微槽道技术应用于J-T效应制冷器,设计出一种新型的多层微槽道J-T效应制冷器试件,并搭建实验台对其进行性能测试与分析。实验以进口温度7.5℃和10.5℃,进口压力4 MPa至8 MPa的氩气为冷源,对各测点的温度进行采集,并完成冷端温度的性能测试与分析。实验表明,在相同的进气温度下,随着进气压力增高,冷端温度降低,在进气温度为10.5℃、压力为8MPa时冷端温度最低可达-41.1℃。同时,在相同的进气压力下,冷端温度随进气温度的降低而降低,在进气压力7 MPa下,进口温度7.5℃比10.5℃的冷端温度低6.1℃。     

利用燃气轮机烟气余热的复合有机朗肯循环系统优化分析

本文针对燃气轮机烟气余热设计了一种复合有机朗肯循环系统,对其进行了详细的热力学分析,以某燃驱压气站烟气条件(400℃,26 kg/s)为例,以系统净输出功为目标,利用Matlab和Refprop 9. 0选择了13种工质,并确定了系统最优工况。结果表明,甲苯、R141b、丙酮分别作为3个子系统的工质时,系统可实现最大净输出功为1 587 k W,热效率和火用效率分别可达20. 26%和42. 68%,比单级循环可实现的最大净输出功高23. 33%。对系统各部件进行火用损失分析,发现蒸发器火用损失最大,并提出了改进方案。     

冰储冷技术应用于燃气轮发电机进气冷却的可行性分析

燃气轮机是恒流量的发动机,其轴功率与空气流量成正比,降低压缩机吸气温度,提高空气密度将增加发动机的输功率,本文对采用冰储冷冷源进气冷却技术来提高燃气轮发电机的输出功率的技术和经济可行性进行了分析研究,研究表明这一技术应用可行性好,经济效益显著,有推广价值。     

国内燃气轮机叶片热腐蚀情况及其原因的初步分析

(一) 由于燃气轮机有重量轻、体积小、起动快、无需外电源启动、少用或不用冷却水等一系列优点,目前作为动力机械已广泛使用在发电、石油和天然气输送、交通运输、冶金和化工等工业部门。近年来,随着工业的发展,对燃气轮机不仅要求增大功率和提高进气温度,而且要求能用重油或原油等劣质燃料。国外最大的单机功率已达10万千瓦以上,进气温度大多在800～1000℃,甚至高达1180℃,效率在30%以上;有的还可以直接使用原油。这样就带来了燃气轮机叶片和其     

一种新型跨临界CO2冷电联供系统热力分析

提出一种新型跨临界二氧化碳（trans-critical carbon dioxide,TCO₂）再压缩循环和喷射器制冷循环耦合的冷电联供系统。该系统在输出电能的同时,利用低品位热能驱动喷射器工作输出冷量。以输出电量1 MW为设计目标,对比冷电联供系统和再压缩发电系统的性能,研究联供系统各部件（火用）损和主要热力参数对其性能的影响。结果表明：联供系统利用CO₂余热驱动喷射器输出冷量,循环热效率高于单一再压缩系统;加热器（火用）损所占比例最大,回热器次之;透平进口温度、压力和背压对联供系统工质流量、循环效率、输出功率、加热器功率、压缩机耗功及喷射器制冷量等参数影响较大;而冷凝温度和蒸发温度仅对制冷循环制冷量影响较大。在设定条件下,联供系统的循环热效率和（火用）效率可分别达到46.99%和47.21%。     

冷前回热式Kalina循环系统(KCS)34g的热力学分析

提出冷前回热式KCS34g,根据热力学第一定律和第二定律,利用EES软件对该循环进行热力性能分析,并与基本KCS34g进行相同条件下的性能对比,研究透平进口压力、氨质量分数和透平出口压力变化对冷前回热式KCS34g性能的影响。研究结果表明:在额定工况下,冷前回热式KCS34g的热效率为11.93%,比基本KCS34g高0.99%;效率为52.26%,比基本KCS34g高4.34%;随着氨质量分数增大和透平出口压力降低,冷前回热式KCS34g热效率、发电量和效率均增大;随着透平进口压力增加,冷前回热式KCS34g热效率逐渐增加,发电量和效率在29 bar时达到最大。     

新Kalina循环系统（KCS）34的热力学分析

本文提出新Kalina循环即一次抽汽回热式KCS34和分级抽汽回热式KCS34,根据热力学第一定律和第二定律,利用EES软件仿真模拟对该循环进行热力性能分析,并与基本KCS34进行相同条件下的性能对比,研究了抽汽压力、透平进口压力和透平进口温度变化对一次抽汽回热式KCS34性能的影响。研究结果表明：额定工况下,一次抽汽回热式KCS34的热效率为12.33%,比基本KCS34高0.35%;效率为46.07%,比基本KCS34高1.35%。且与一次抽汽回热式KCS34相比,分级抽汽回热式KCS34热效率高0.13%,效率高0.49%。另外,抽汽压力增加,一次抽汽回热式KCS34发电量和效率逐渐降低,热效率在10bar时达到最大;随着透平进口压力增加,一次抽汽回热式KCS34热效率逐渐增加,发电量和效率在30.79 bar时达到最大;随着透平进口温度增加,一次抽汽回热式KCS34热效率逐渐、发电量和效率都增大。     

A theoretical study on a novel combined power and ejector refrigeration cycle

A new combined power and refrigeration cycle is proposed for the cogeneration, which combines the Rankine cycle and the ejector refrigeration cycle by adding an extraction turbine between heat recovery vapor generator (HRVG) and ejector. This combined cycle could produce both power output and refrigeration output simultaneously, and could be driven by the flue gas from gas turbine or engine, solar energy, geothermal energy and industrial waste heats. Parametric analysis and exergy analysis are conducted to examine the effects of thermodynamic parameters on the performance and exergy destruction in each component for the combined cycle. The results show that the condenser temperature, the evaporator temperature, the turbine inlet pressure, the turbine extraction pressure and extraction ratio have significant effects on the turbine power output, refrigeration output, exergy efficiency and exergy destruction in each component in the combined cycle. It is also shown that the biggest exergy destruction occurs in the heat recovery vapor generator, followed by the ejector and turbine.     

Exergy analysis of gas turbine trigeneration system for combined production of power heat and refrigeration

A conceptual trigeneration system is proposed based on the conventional gas turbine cycle for the high temperature heat addition while adopting the heat recovery steam generator for process heat and vapor absorption refrigeration for the cold production. Combined first and second law approach is applied and computational analysis is performed to investigate the effects of overall pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, pressure drop in combustor and heat recovery steam generator, and evaporator temperature on the exergy destruction in each component, first law efficiency, electrical to thermal energy ratio, and second law efficiency of the system. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that exergy destruction in combustion chamber and HRSG is significantly affected by the pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature, and not at all affected by pressure drop and evaporator temperature. The process heat pressure and evaporator temperature causes significant exergy destruction in various components of vapor absorption refrigeration cycle and HRSG. It also indicates that maximum exergy is destroyed during the combustion and steam generation process; which represents over 80% of the total exergy destruction in the overall system. The first law efficiency, electrical to thermal energy ratio and second law efficiency of the trigeneration, cogeneration, and gas turbine cycle significantly varies with the change in overall pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature, but the change in pressure drop, process heat pressure, and evaporator temperature shows small variations in these parameters. Decision makers should find the methodology contained in this paper useful in the comparison and selection of advanced heat recovery systems.     

Investigation of an ammonia-water combined power and cooling system driven by the jacket water and exhaust gas heat of an internal combustion engine

An ammonia-water combined power and cooling system is proposed and investigated in this work, in which the waste heat contained in the jacket water and exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine can be recovered efficiently to generate power and cooling energy simultaneously. The proposed system was simulated, and its thermodynamic performance in the base case was calculated based on waste heat data from an actual gas engine with a rated power output of 300 kW. The equivalent heat-to-power efficiency of the combined system is 19.76%, and the total equivalent power output is as high as 92.86 kW. The exergy efficiency of the combined system reaches 33.69%. The effects of the turbine inlet pressure, generation pressure in the reboiler, exhaust gas temperature and cooling water temperature were studied to provide guidance for the system design. The results of an economic analysis indicate that the proposed system has good economic benefit.     

Working fluids comparison and thermodynamic analysis of a transcritical power and ejector refrigeration cycle (TPERC)

The combined power and cooling cycles driven by waste heat and renewable energy can provide different kinds of energy forms and achieve a higher thermodynamic efficiency. However, only a few researchers have focused on the improvement of temperature matching between the heat source and working fluid. This paper proposes a transcritical power and ejector refrigeration cycle (TPERC) to improve temperature matching between the heat source and working fluid. Based on the modelling of the TPERC system, a comparison of working fluids and the effects of system parameters on the cooling capacity, work output, thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency are discussed. The results show that of the seven working fluids selected, R1234ze has the largest thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency, principally due to having the highest critical temperature. At the identical turbine back pressure, condensing temperature and evaporation temperature, the turbine inlet temperature and its corresponding generation pressure have little impact on thermal efficiency.