超声波辅助提取蓖麻蛋白工艺条件优化

本文以蓖麻籽为原料,超声波辅助提取蓖麻蛋白。通过单因素试验和Box-Behnkens试验及响应面分析方法对提取工艺条件进行优化。结果表明;最优提取条件为:超声波时间22min、料液比1:67、pH值7.4和超声波功率160W,在此条件下蓖麻蛋白提取率84.06%。     

九五型榨油机压榨蓖麻籽制取一级油的工艺实验

蓖麻,属於无瓣花类的大戟科植物。蓖麻籽是一种高油分油科种籽,由蓖麻籽所取得的油称之为蓖麻油。蓖麻油的成份组成特殊,它的蓖麻酸的含量将近百分之九十,其结构式: 蓖麻酸又叫12—羟基9∶10十八碳烯酸,具有一个双键、并在12碳—上有OH基存在的不饱和脂肪酸。 在一种油脂中含有一种特殊的脂肪酸,其含量又特别高,是很少的,蓖麻油是目前发现的天然植物油脂中仅有的一种。蓖麻酸有其特殊的结构,当然也就决定了蓖麻油在工业上的广泛用途。     

蓖麻籽脂质提取和甲酯化衍生优化及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用不同方法对蓖麻籽的脂质提取和甲酯化衍生效果进行研究,并对其脂肪酸组成进行分析.结果表明:不同方法对蓖麻籽的脂质提取和衍生化效果存在显著差异(P＜0.05);二氯甲烷-甲醇法的脂质提取率为58.25％,且具有低毒、溶解性强和提取完全的优点,是蓖麻籽脂质提取的有效方法;酸碱结合法具有衍生完全且副反应少等优点,能更好地反映蓖麻籽脂肪酸的真实组成,是蓖麻籽脂质甲酯化衍生的理想方法.同时蓖麻籽脂肪酸以蓖麻油酸(76.43％～86.50％)、亚油酸(4.88％～6.27％)和油酸(2.70％～4.18％)为主,并含有少量的棕榈酸、硬脂酸以及亚麻酸和二十碳烯酸.     

用于蓖麻饼粕脱毒反应的挤压机

蓖麻饼粕含有毒素,不适宜作饲料,所以常用作肥料,在当今世界饲料蛋白短缺的情况下,尤其是蓖麻饼粕生产国出现了饲料蛋白缺乏的情况,蓖麻饼粕的饲用就显得很重要。联合国工业研究中心（ＵＮＩＤＯ）和美国得克萨斯Ａ＆Ｍ大学食品研究和发展中心共同研究,找到了一些脱除蓖麻饼粕毒素的经济、简单的方法。１削弱蓖麻饼粕毒素ＣＢ－１Ａ作用的有效方法蓖麻饼粕含有３种毒素即：ａ）蓖麻籽的白朊———一种有毒蛋白;ｂ）蓖麻碱———一种毒性生物碱;ｃ）被称为ＣＢ－ＩＡ的烈性过敏反应源。蓖麻籽的白朊在脱溶过程中很容易被破坏掉,蓖麻…     

蓖麻籽的压榨条件对蓖麻油性质的影响

蓖麻籽是一种带有各种活性酵素的高含油原料,由于它的结构和组分的特殊性,给蓖麻籽的加工以及制取蓖麻油带来了许多困难.蓖麻籽油中含有达80%的蓖麻酸甘油酯.按照其物理化学性质蓖麻油属于宝贵的工业用油.它广泛应用于化学、电机、航空、印     

蓖麻毒蛋白研究进展

蓖麻毒蛋白是蓖麻种子中一种毒蛋白,能使真核细胞核糖体失活,对细胞有很强毒性。该文简述蓖麻毒蛋白的分子结构、毒性机理、提纯方法及毒性改造抗肿瘤,生物治虫应用上研究进展。     

抗真菌蛋白(AFP)研究概述及应用前景展望

抗真菌蛋白—AFP(antifungal protein)是由巨大曲霉Aspergillus giganteus分泌的小分子量碱性蛋白,可有效抑制丝状真菌的生长,尤其是动植物致病真菌。近年来的研究发现AFP具有安全、高效、广谱、稳定的特点,而这些显著的特点使其最有希望成为新的抗真菌抗生素、安全的天然食品防腐剂和高效的生物农药,也使AFP成为当前的研究热点。综述AFP的生物化学特性、抗真菌活性及其作用机制,分析AFP在应用中存在的问题,并对其在医药、食品、农业和生物技术领域的应用前景进行展望。     

昆虫蛋白的功能特性及其应用研究现状

随着世界人口持续增长,传统肉类食物已不能完全满足人类对蛋白质的营养需求.昆虫蛋白因来源广,营养价值高且饲养污染低,成为极具开发潜力的新型蛋白资源.近年来,国内外对昆虫蛋白的研究,主要集中在降血压、降血糖、抗氧化、增强免疫力等功能特性研究,及其在食品、医药、农业等领域的开发应用方面.通过对昆虫蛋白的功能特性及其应用进行综...     

猕猴桃黄酮提取工艺研究进展

猕猴桃中黄酮类化合物是猕猴桃中含量较高的具有多酚结构的次生代谢产物,具有降血脂、降压、抗氧化等多种生物活性,在医药、食品、农业等领域有广阔的应用前景。本文对猕猴桃中黄酮的提取方法进行了综述和总结,旨在为猕猴桃黄酮的进一步研究利用提供参考。     

高速逆流色谱法分离制备蓖麻籽中的蓖麻碱

利用高速逆流色谱法对蓖麻籽中蓖麻碱粗提物进行纯化,以液相色谱对纯化结果进行检测,用质谱、核磁对纯化产物进行结构确定。去壳后的蓖麻籽经过石油醚- 乙醚(2:1,V/V)脱脂,以95% 乙醇索式提取,所得产物浓缩、冻干后得到蓖麻碱粗提物。采用三氯甲烷- 甲醇- 水(2:1:1,V/V)两相溶剂体系对粗提物进行高速逆流色谱纯化一次进样100mg,可得到74mg 样品。纯化所得主要组分经面积归一化法确定其纯度达到99.62%。质谱、核磁验证纯化产物为蓖麻碱。高速逆流色谱可用于大量制备高纯度蓖麻碱。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the