矿物基负离子发生材料的结构和组成特征

用X射线粉末衍射仪、X射线能谱仪和等离子体原子发射光谱仪分析了多种矿物基材料的主物相结构和元素组成,并用离子检测仪测定了各材料的负离子发生量.研究表明,具有负离子发生功能的矿物基材料可以由具有明显压电、热电效应的矿物组成,也可以由含有一定量稀土元素和天然原生放射性核素的矿物组成.矿物中适量天然原生放射性核素的存在对于制备高性能的矿物基负离子发生材料是有益的.     

环境功能负离子涂料的制备及抗菌性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法以Na2SiO3为包覆剂成功地制备了分散性优良负离子粉体，通过不同的添加量，研制能够产生最大负离子浓度的功能涂料。进行了负离子涂料的抗菌性研究，实验结果表明负离子材料具有抗菌性，抗菌效果与涂料的负离子产生量、负离子材料粒径、涂料的距离密切相关，并从微观上对负离子杀菌进行了分析，验证了负离子的生物学效应。     

天然矿物纳米材料开发与应用

本文报告了在嫩江流域发现的一种新型天然矿物纳米级材料——嫩江蛋白石页岩。经过超细加工与改性,不仅展现了它的奇特的功能——纳米级蛋白石微孔材料,具有很强的吸附性,而且可以配制出负离子添加剂,应用到油漆、涂料、橡胶、塑料、纤维、纺织品中,能够释放负离子,可以用来制备21世纪环保型健康的新型功能材料,制造天然负离子发生器。     

电气石类负离子释放材料的研究进展

电气石是一种可天然释放负离子的矿物材料,受到广泛的关注。简要介绍了电气石的成分、结构及其释放负离子的机理,综述了电气石新型功能材料在汽车内饰、建筑、纺丝和塑料等领域的研究现状及应用。     

某纳米负离子复合基人造板改性性能对室内环境的影响

建筑材料对居住环境及人体健康有着显著的影响,为了改善居住环境,促进环境与人交互有利于健康,指导人们生产和应用环保绿色建筑材料,本文研制了某种纳米负离子复合基元材料研制成人造胶合板、人造细木工板,运用负离子释放量采集器测定两种改性人造板的负离子诱生量,运用低本底多道γ能谱仪分别测定两种人造板的镭(226Ra)钍(232Th)、钾(40K)比活度。结果表明,纳米负离子基改性胶合板平均负离子诱生量达到2460 ions/s·cm2,纳米负离子基改性细木工板负离子平均诱生量达到1344 ions/s·cm2,超出正常板材负离子标准3-5倍,两种改性人造板的放射性比活度均优越于国家标准值。因此,本项目研制的以某种纳米负离子基元材料来生产人造胶合板、人造细木工板安全可靠,可以释放足够的负离子改善室内环境,促进健康。     

一类新型释放负离子纤维织物的研究

针对人们对纺织品"健康、安全、环保"的要求,负离子纺织品应运而生.本文主要介绍了一种新型的负离子添加剂的作用机理和功能,负离子纺织品的生产工艺,提出了创制一类随身携带的负离子发生器.并对负离子纺织品的应用前景进行了展望.     

奇才负离子添加剂在橡胶中的应用

报告了在嫩江流域发现的一种新型的天然的纳米级材料--嫩江蛋白石页岩超细粉体.它不仅具有纳米级微孔-具有很强的吸附性,而且可以和其它矿物、助剂一起配制成释放负离子的功能添加剂,应用到橡胶、油漆、涂料、塑料、纤维、纺织品中能够持久的释放负离子,可以用来制备21世纪环保型健康的新型功能材料.     

负离子功能纤维及其纺织品的研究进展

负离子纤维是一种新型功能纤维,由于空气负离子具有保健功效,因此负离子纺织品越来越受到人们的欢迎。分析了负离子与人体健康的关系,阐述了负离子功能纤维及其纺织品的应用,并对国内外研究状况进行了说明。总结了负离子功能纤维及其纺织品发展中存在的问题,展望了今后的研究方向。     

电气石应用研究进展

综述电气石的释放负离子、自发极化、远红外辐射等特性,总结在释放负离子、活化水、远红外辐射、催化、生态环境保护等领域的应用研究进展。提出制备高负离子释放量的应用产品主要是通过掺杂改性电气石和小粒径电气石的方式;提升电气石远红外辐射率的主要方法为掺杂氧化铈复合;电气石与催化材料复合可提升催化性能;电气石及其复合功能材料具有天然的市场竞争优势和良好的开发前景;电气石释放负离子的机理仍需要进一步研究,并明确电气石结构与性能之间的关系;在环保和催化领域需要进一步研究不同类型的电气石的性能。     

天然矿物功能晶体材料电气石的研究进展

电气石是人类发现最早的压电、热释电材料,近年来的研究发现电气石具有辐射红外线、释放负离子、抗菌、除臭以及对水具有净化和优化作用,本文综述了天然矿物电气石功能晶体材料的研究进展,介绍了国内外有关电气石开发应用的情况,提出了进行相关性能机理研究的课题.     

Analysis according to the change in structure of ultrasonic sensors and the change in pressure inside the tank for measurement of fuel amounts in compressed natural gas (CNG) tank

The present study is a fundamental research for precise measurement of fuel amounts in a compressed natural gas (CNG) tank where an analysis of receiving sensitivity was conducted as a result of changes in the contact surface shape in the number of piezoelectric element of the ultrasonic sensor as well as in the internal pressure of the tank. Experiments were conducted as a function of changes in the contact surface shape between the ultrasonic sensor and outside of the aluminum tank and in the number of piezoelectric element as well as in the internal pressure of the tank. According to the experimental results, it could be confirmed that the maximum receiving sensitivity value was increased by about 60 % when the contact surface shape of the transmission and receiving ultrasonic sensors compared with the ultrasonic sensor in the Line-Line shape selected as the reference model was changed to the surface. As a whole, the highest receiving sensitivity values were observed when the transmission sensor of surface shape produced as multiple piezoelectric elements and the receiving sensor of surface shape produced as a single piezoelectric element were used. It could be confirmed that receiving sensitivities were improved at the same voltage value as a result of changes in the contact surface shape of the ultrasonic sensor and in the number of piezoelectric elements.     

Exploitation of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance

Recent advances in the exploitation of localized surface plasmons (charge density oscillations confined to metallic nanoparticles and nanostructures) in nanoscale optics and photonics, as well as in the construction of sensors and biosensors, are reviewed here. In particular, subsequent to brief surveys of the most‐commonly used methods of preparation and arraying of materials with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), and of the optical manifestations of LSPR, attention will be focused on the exploitation of metallic nanostructures as waveguides; as optical transmission, information storage, and nanophotonic devices; as switches; as resonant light scatterers (employed in the different near‐field scanning optical microscopies); and finally as sensors and biosensors.     

Vibrating Quartz Fork—A Tool for Cryogenic Helium Research

Oscillating objects such as discs, piles of discs, spheres, grids and wires have been widely used in cryogenic fluid dynamics and in quantum fluids research since the discovery of superfluidity. A new addition are quartz tuning forks, commercially available frequency standards. We review their use as thermometers, pressure- and viscometers as well as their potential as generators and detectors of cavitation and turbulence in viscous and superfluid He liquids.      

Industry environmental processes: beyond compliance

This paper discusses systems of good environmental management, adopted by industry, which go beyond (rather than replace) compliance with laws and regulations, as part of the quality revolution impacting both global and local companies and plants. From environmental auditing to environmental management systems, industry is increasingly focusing not just on compliance with laws—as important as that might be—but on continuous improvement in environmental practices as a marketplace demand. Movement has occurred in three directions: towards (1) enforcement strategies, (2) trade relations, including environmental cooperation, and (3) marketing of diligence as an attractive asset in environmental conduct. Consequently, the responsible green approach is also developing rapidly. That approach among management systems should be encouraged by industry, governments, environmental groups, and the public as a positive process that enhances sustainability as well as giving a competitive edge to local economies. Mexico's embrace of good environmental management as it responsibly develops is exemplary for, and evidence of, its leadership of other Latin American countries, and for other countries, such as China, that are making strides in achieving growth and environmental safeguards.     

Replica-based crack inspection

Surface replication has been proposed as a method for crack detection in space-shuttle main engine flowliner slots. The results of a feasibility study show that examination of surface replicas with a scanning electron microscope can result in the detection of cracks as small as 0.005 inch, and surface flaws as small as 0.001 inch, for the flowliner material.     

冬季北方平房通风换气的数学模型

提出了一种解决冬季北方室内空气交换问题的优化数学模型,利用该模型对典型北方居室换气问题进行了实例计算。结果表明,该模型能取得通风换气最优解,为制定通风换气量的最小值提供依据,在保证室内空气质量的同时,尽量使流通的空气量最少,从而达到节约能源的目的。     

MBE—Technology for nanoelectronics

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is presented as a powerful and flexible technology for research and development (R&D) as well as for mass production of nanoelectronic structures, based on a huge variety of materials. Its historical background, basic properties, advantages—in particular the production potential—as well as some trends in the field are shown.     

2D and 3D photonic crystal materials for photocatalysis and electrochemical energy storage and conversion

This perspective reviews recent advances in inverse opal structures, how they have been developed, studied and applied as catalysts, catalyst support materials, as electrode materials for batteries, water splitting applications, solar-to-fuel conversion and electrochromics, and finally as photonic photocatalysts and photoelectrocatalysts. Throughout, we detail some of the salient optical characteristics that underpin recent results and form the basis for light-matter interactions that span electrochemical energy conversion systems as well as photocatalytic systems. Strategies for using 2D as well as 3D structures, ordered macroporous materials such as inverse opals are summarized and recent work on plasmonic–photonic coupling in metal nanoparticle-infiltrated wide band gap inverse opals for enhanced photoelectrochemistry are provided.     

Methods and Feasibility of Residual Stress Analysis by High-Energy Synchrotron Radiation in Transmission Geometry Using a White Beam

White high-energy synchrotron radiation has recently been introduced as a new tool for the analysis of the triaxial residual stress state in the bulk of metals, ceramics, and composite materials. First, the set-up of an experiment is presented. Then, based upon theoretical considerations and experimental data, the parameters of the setup and the possibilities as well as limits of residual stress analysis by white high-energy synchrotron radiation are discussed. The resolution in energy as well as the spatial resolution achievable are shown and the implications of the material investigated such as coarse grains and texture are studied. Examples for simultaneous texture and residual stress analyses are presented.     

Tensile behaviour of powder metallurgy processed (Al–Cu–Mg)/SiCp composites

Abstract

The tensile behaviour of Al–Cu–Mg alloy matrix composites produced by a powder metallurgy process was investigated as a function of particle size in the as extruded, homogenised, and peak aged conditions. The tensile behaviour of the corresponding matrix alloy which was produced in a similar manner, designated as Control, was also studied. There was a significant increase in the 0.2% yield strength of Control and all the metal matrix composites (MMCs) after homogenisation treatment (53–68%) and peak aging (93–109%), as compared to their values in the as extruded condition. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of Control as well as the MMCs also increases considerably after homogenisation treatment (39–70%), however, subsequent peak aging did not result in any further increase in UTS in case of any of the MMCs. It was found that the finer the reinforcement size, the higher the 0.2% yield strength and UTS in all the conditions. On the other hand, ductility decreased considerably after homogenisation treatment and subsequent peak aging. The results are discussed in the light of dislocation strengthening as well as reinforcement damage.