基于虚拟区域法的竖槽内液固两相流化过程研究

该文应用分布式拉格朗日乘子／虚拟区域法对竖槽底部均匀排列的颗粒在液体内的流化过程进行了直接数值模拟，得到了流化过程中流场压力和速度矢量分布，颗粒的流化过程、位置分布和速度矢量分布等，分析了流场压力曲线和速度曲线的阶梯状分布与颗粒分布的关系，探讨了颗粒相流化过程中位置及速度分布随时间的变化。     

小麦气力输送流场颗粒流化特性数值模拟

目的 探索仓泵式气力输送小麦颗粒时不同输送压力下罐体及引出管内颗粒的流化特性,从而得出最佳操作压力。方法 利用Solidworks建立简易的等比例发送装置三维模型,采用模拟仿真软件Fluent对0.25、0.3、0.35 MPa等3种不同输送压力进行数值模拟,并利用CFD–Post进行数据后处理。结果 当进气口压力为0.35 MPa时物料最先输送完毕,用时为10 s。整体发料过程从引出管入口至出口处三者压力分别降低了97.1%、96.8%、98.1%,其中当进气口压力为0.3 MPa时,压力降低最小,能量利用率最高。结论 输送压力越大输送速度越快,其压降也最大。考虑经济性与高效性可得,最佳进气口压力为0.3 MPa。     

含油污泥颗粒的流态化行为研究

在一内径为0.056m、高为1.6m的冷模玻璃流化床中研究含油污泥与石英砂混合颗粒的冷模流化行为,含油污泥干基含油率为17.63%(质量分数),筛分成0.20~0.30、0.30~0.45、0.45~0.90mm3种粒径范围,与石英砂混合后进行流化实验。结果表明:各种颗粒混合物中油泥质量分数在0~30%范围内均可以实现正常流化,超出此范围,流化中出现明显的粘壁、沟流等不正常的流化现象;混合颗粒中含油率越高,初始流化速度越大;含油泥混合颗粒与典型的B类颗粒纯石英砂的塌落行为有显著差别,塌落时间较长,而床层膨胀率却较低。     

气化残炭细粉的流化和分离特性

以气化残炭细粉为原料,利用搭建的冷态实验装置对气化残炭细粉在提升管中的流化特性和在旋风分离器中的分离特性进行研究。结果表明:提升管表观风速大于0.5 m/s时,气化残炭细粉开始被大量夹带,提升管表观风速大于0.9 m/s时,气化残炭细粉能全部从提升管中输运;旋风分离器的压降随着入口颗粒浓度的增大先减小后趋于定值;实验测量和模型计算得到的旋风分离器分离效率吻合较好,并且旋风分离器的分离效率均大于97.5%,分离效率较大与气化残炭细粉的颗粒团聚和颗粒沉降有关。     

液-固流化床最小流态化速度的数值模拟与验证

为使用计算颗粒流体力学(CPFD)的数值模拟法代替实验法，建立单管的液-固两相流化床实验系统；实验测量5种颗粒的最小流化速度；应用CPFD方法对单管液-固流化床模型进行数值模拟，比较5种颗粒的最小流态化速度的实验值与模拟值，并进行误差分析，验证数值模拟方法的正确性。结果表明：5种实验颗粒的最小流态化速度实验值分别为0.021 6、 0.036 7、 0.029 3、 0.055 5、 0.084 5 m/s; 2种公式验算值与实验值的最大相对误差小于10%,平均相对误差小于5%,证明实验结果是可靠的；5种模拟颗粒的最小流态化速度模拟修正值分别为0.024、 0.044、 0.041、 0.069、 0.062 m/s;颗粒S₁、 S₂、 S₄、 S₅的模拟修正值与颗粒E₁、 E₂、 E₄、 E₅的实验值之间的最小流态化速度的误差分别为11.1%、 19.9%、 24.3%、 26.6%,均为正向偏差且在工程允许范...     

不同粒径TiB2/Cu复合材料热传导模拟与实验

采用ANSYS对不同粒径TiB₂/Cu复合材料热传导过程进行模拟。采用粉末冶金法制备了不同粒径TiB₂增强的Cu复合材料,采用LINSEIS LFA1600激光导热仪测试了室温至280℃下的TiB₂/Cu复合材料热传导性能变化,并与模拟结果进行对比。结果表明:热导率模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。在50~200℃之间,复合材料热导率变化不大,在6%~9%范围内波动。200℃之后,模拟值与实验值均呈现出随温度升高而增大的趋势,且吻合度较高。这是由于温度低于200℃时,在模拟过程中未考虑材料界面处两相不同热膨胀系数的影响,导致模拟值与实验值有较大的差异。当温度高于200℃时,模拟值和实验值吻合程度趋于稳定。在200℃时,由于两相热膨胀系数的影响,复合材料内部界面处等效应力大于Cu基体屈服强度,使其发生塑性变形,从而引起热导率发生较大幅度变化。此外,热导率随着TiB₂粒径的增大呈现出先提高后降低的趋势,在10 μm时达到最大。这是由于当颗粒直径小于临界平均直径时,颗粒直径的增大会减少界面数量,从而降低界面热阻。当颗粒直径大于临界平均直径时,平均自由程l的急剧增加导致热导率降低。      

某散装水泥车流化性能仿真分析

运用Fluent软件,采用双欧拉两相流模型和Gidaspow曳力模型建立某散装水泥罐计算流体动力模型,分别对充气流化过程和卸料过程罐体内的流场进行仿真模拟,以分析流化床的流化性能,为改进设计提供指导;罐体床层内水泥的体积分数表明流化床属于鼓泡床形式,与设计意图相符;罐内流场的速度分布显示流场处于非均匀流状态,且水泥颗粒并没有完全流态化,导致卸料结束时罐内仍有水泥残留。分析结果表明:卸料口直径为100~120 mm,高度取40~55 mm,流化床倾角取10~15°比较合适,且滑料板倾角必须大于40°。     

液-固流化床颗粒流态化特性实验研究

为了研究具有高耐磨性、高腐蚀性等特点的固体颗粒在液-固流化床的颗粒流态化特性,采用不同粒径的氧化铝、氧化锆、轴承钢在垂直玻璃圆柱形立管中进行实验,研究液-固流化床中颗粒的最小流态化速度。实验结果得到5种不同颗粒的最小流态化速度,将实验值与经验公式计算值进行比较,验证传统经验公式的计算精度与实验数据的可用性,以及颗粒密度和颗粒粒径对最小流态化速度的影响规律;根据实验结果,采用最小二乘法,在传统经验公式的基础上提出一组新的修正系数,用以计算粒径较大的固体颗粒的最小流态化速度。当直径大于2.5 mm、临界雷诺数大于175时,此式计算精度更高。     

海藻酸钠-g-聚丙烯酰胺/氧化石墨烯复合水凝胶的制备及控释行为EI北大核心CSCD

以海藻酸、丙烯酰胺为单体,氧化石墨烯为原料制备了海藻酸钠-g-聚丙烯酰胺/氧化石墨烯(NaAlg-g-PAAm/GO)复合水凝胶,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜对其结构和形貌进行了表征;当GO的质量分数从0.6%增至3.2%时,溶胀率从37%减至21%;阳离子对水凝胶的溶胀性的影响能力是Fe3+>Ca2+>K+;以5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)为抗癌药物模型,模拟胃腔和小肠的环境,研究了在pH=1.2和pH=7.4的缓冲溶液中复合水凝胶的控制释放行为,实验结果表明水凝胶在pH=7.4的缓冲溶液中的累积释放率明显高于在pH=1.2的溶液中的累积释放率,所以该类水凝胶有望成为靶向药物释放的载体。     

复合Al_2O_3-SiO_2纳米颗粒的摩擦学性能研究

以硅烷偶联剂为改性剂对复合Al2O3-SiO2纳米颗粒进行原位改性,实现其在润滑油中均匀稳定的单分散。将改性后的复合Al2O3-SiO2纳米颗粒分别按质量分数为0、0.05%、0.1%、0.5%、1.0%的量加入到润滑油中制成试样,进行四球试验和止推圈试验。对摩擦实验中的摩擦系数、磨斑直径、磨损量、摩擦副表面形貌进行分析。结果表明:当复合Al2O3-SiO2纳米颗粒添加质量分数为0.5%时,摩擦系数和磨斑直径最小,止推圈的磨损量出现负磨损,摩擦表面的磨痕明显的变浅、变窄。说明摩擦过程中,复合Al2O3-SiO2纳米颗粒沉积在摩擦副表面,形成一层保护膜有效的保护了摩擦表面,抗磨减摩作用显著。     

Experimental and modeling studies on mixing behavior of binary mixtures in a spout-fluid bed

Experimental and modeling studies have been performed to determine mixing characteristics of binary mixtures in a spout-fluid bed. Spherical glass beads of diameters (3.075, 1.7, 1.2, and 0.75?mm) and air as fluidizing medium have been used in the study. Effect of various system parameters, namely, initial static bed height, gas velocity, diameter ratio, mixture composition, and sampling time on mixing of binary particles has been experimentally investigated. A dimensionless correlation has been developed for mixing index. Mixing behavior has been modeled using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Training of ANN was performed using the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) backpropagation algorithm to predict the mixing index. The predictions of the ANN were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results and predictions from developed correlations.     

Bed expansion ratio of mono-sized and binary mixtures in fluidized,spouted, and spout-fluid beds

Studies on bed expansion ratio were carried out in fluidized, spouted, and spout-fluid beds. A single column has been used to compare the characteristics of fluidized, spouted, and spout-fluid beds. Experiments were carried out using air and glass beads under fluidized, spouted, and spout-fluid bed conditions separately to study the effect of gas velocity, bed mass, and particle size on bed expansion ratio. Glass beads of different sizes (0.75, 1.2, 1.7, and 3.075?mm) have been used as solid bed material. Bed expansion ratio was determined for mono-size particles and binary mixtures (different diameter ratios and composition). It was found that the bed expansion ratio decreases with increase in bed mass for only spouting condition and spout-fluidization conditions. The bed expansion ratio increases with increase in bed mass for only fluidization condition.     

Experimental study of fluidization characteristics of Geldart-D particles in pressurized bubbling fluidized bed

The pressurized bubbling fluidized bed shows great advantage in retreating municipal solid waste because it could effectively capture CO₂ and enhance the reaction rate of the process of combustion and gasification. In the present work, fluidization characteristics of Geldart-D particles at elevated pressure were experimentally investigated, such as flow pattern, pressure drop, minimum fluidization gas velocity. At the same fluidization gas velocity, as elevating operating pressure, the fluidization of Geldart-D particles became more intense, the bubbles got larger, the standard deviation and the power density of dominant frequency of the pressure drop signal increased. While, under the same fluidization number, as increasing operating pressure, the fluidization of Geldart-D particles became smoother, the bubble size decreased, both the standard deviation and the power density of dominant frequency of the pressure drop signal decreased. It seems that, under elevated pressure, the fluidization behavior of Geldart-D particles would transition to that of Geldart-B particles. Finally, the minimum fluidization velocity of the Geldart-D particles was found decreased with the increase of the operating pressure. A new correlation for the prediction of the minimum fluidization velocity of Geldart-D particles at elevated pressure was also formulated based on the present experimental results.     

Experimental study on fluidization characteristics of vinegar residue in a vibrated fluidized bed

As a by-product in the vinegar brewing process, vinegar residue always has a high moisture content, which is detrimental to the storage and recycle process. The vibrated fluidized bed can be used to dry the vinegar residue. In present work, inert particles were added to a vibrated fluidized bed to improve the fluidization of vinegar residue. Experimental studies were carried out to investigate the fluidization behaviors of the binary mixtures. Flow pattern maps indicated that there was an upper limit to the vinegar residue mass concentration c_w at which stable fluidization could be achieved. The minimum fluidization velocity u_mf of the binary mixture increased as the vinegar residue mass concentration c_w increased and decreased with the increase of the vibration intensity Λ. As increasing vibration intensity Λ or decreasing vinegar residue mass concentration c_w, the drying rate of vinegar residue increased.     

Mixing characteristics of binary mixtures in a spout-fluid bed

Mixing characteristics of binary mixtures in a flat-bottom cylindrical spout-fluid bed using glass beads and air are reported in this work. Experiments were carried out to investigate the mixing characteristics for binary mixtures at three flow conditions, i.e., only spouting, only fluidization and spout-fluidization. The experiments were performed at different gas velocities, diameter ratios of binary mixtures and three different bed arrangements. Mixing index was determined for fluidized bed and static bed conditions. It was found that, in all cases, lowest-diameter ratio mixture gave good mixing index values. For all flow conditions, mixing index for large–small bed arrangement was increasing with time, whereas for small–large bed arrangement, the mixing index deteriorated with time. However, in both cases, the mixing index reached almost a constant value. For well-mixed bed arrangement and spout-fluidization flow condition, segregation and re-mixing were observed.     

Computational simulations using a low density ratio-based kinetic theory of granular flow in subcritical water fluidized beds

Hydrodynamics of fluid and particles were simulated using a low density ratio-based kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF) in subcritical water (SbW) fluidized beds (FB). Results indicated that the fluidization state of the SbW-particles mixture changes progressively from particulate to aggregative, indicating that a transitional state exists between aggregative and particulate fluidization. Wavy-like and churn-like flows were found along bed height in SbW FBs, unlike the homogeneous fluidization found in atmospheric water (AW) FBs and wispy-annular-like flow found in supercritical water (SCW) FBs. The predicted axial velocities and RMS fluctuating velocities of particles agreed approximately with measurements reported in the literature. The effect of fluid pressure and temperature, inlet fluid velocity and particle density on distributions of solid volume fractions and velocities were analyzed in SbW FBs.     

The hydrodynamics of liquid-solid and gas-liquid-solid inverse fluidized beds with bioparticles

The hydrodynamic characteristics, such as minimum fluidization velocity (U_lmf for liquid-solid (LS) system and U_g,if for gas-liquid-solid (GLS) system) and bed expansion ratio (BER), of liquid-solid and gas-liquid-solid inverse fluidized beds (LSIFB and GLSIFB) with bare particles and particles with biofilm were investigated. In the LSIFB system, U_lmf and BER of the bare particles were independent of the solids loading. For bioparticles, the increase of the biofilm thickness reduced U_lmf and increased BER, suggesting that the fluidizability increases with the presence of the biofilm. In the GLSIFB system, the initial fluidization gas velocity (U_g,if) and the complete fluidization gas velocity (U_g,cf) both increased with increasing particle diameter and decreasing particle density under fixed superficial liquid velocities. Biofilm attachment led to a decrease of both U_g,if and U_g,cf, and an increase of bed expansion, again suggesting increased fluidizability with the presence of biofilm.     

Investigating binary mixtures fluidized using a porous plate

The aim of this study was to give a simple correlation to give a first-approximation value for the minimum fluidizing velocity of a binary system. In contrast to many previous studies into predicting the minimum fluidizing velocity of a binary system fluidized using a porous plate distributor, this investigation proposes a purely empirical correlation for estimating the values of u_M, u_S and u_FF based on plotting Archimedes' number against Reynolds' number using experimental data from a wide range of sources. This produced correlations based on the general form Ar = A · Re^B, which were shown to compare well with actual results.     

超细颗粒外场流态化研究进展

综述了外场作用下流化床流化超细颗粒的基础研究进展,着重介绍了磁场、声场和振动场对超细颗粒流化行为的影响,总结了磁场中颗粒的受力分析和理论模型;并对现有研究成果作了简要评述。