航空结构健康监测的压电夹层设计

根据智能夹层思想和真实航空飞行器结构特点,研究了面向航空结构健康监测的压电夹层技术,并将该技术应用到了某无人机机翼盒段结构健康监测验证实验中。实验结果表明:压电夹层工作性能稳定,寿命长,压电元件的一致性良好,抗干扰、串扰能力较好,该技术对于结构健康监测技术实用化具有推动作用。     

压电柔性机械臂的主动振动控制研究

针对柔性机械臂的振动问题,采用压电智能结构作为敏感器和驱动器进行主动控制.首先建立柔性机械臂的实验装置,其次对设计的柔性机械臂系统进行辨识研究,得到系统的前二阶模态频率,再次采用PD控制和PPF控制算法对柔性机械臂进行主动振动控制.实验结果表明,采用压电智能结构可以抑制柔性机械臂的振动,效果明显.     

矩形压电片对Lamb波传感的方向性研究

矩形压电片被广泛用作超声Lamb波的传感器与驱动器。理论推导了矩形压电片对Lamb波（A₀模式）的传感灵敏度系数的函数表达式,同时对推导结果进行了实验验证。研究结果表明矩形压电片对Lamb波的传感具有很强的方向性。当Lamb波传播方向沿着矩形压电片长度方向时,矩形压电片传感响应电压最大。随着Lamb波入射角度的增大,响应电压幅值越来越小,当入射方向与矩形压电片长度方向垂直时,响应幅值达到最小。     

智能结构的压电片位置优化及主动控制研究

采用压电陶瓷作为作动器,对柔性结构的作动器位置进行了优化设计并对其进行了振动主动控制研究.首先分析了压电结构振动主动控制的原理和方法;采用基于作动器的模态影响矩阵对压电片进行了优化布置,使压电片配置在控制效能最优的位置.在存在噪声和干扰的情况下对智能结构进行控制,采用LQG/LTR和H∞方法对结构进行控制,并对二者的控制效果作了比较.结果显示在加入噪声和干扰后,进行适当的处理,采用LQG/LTR和H∞方法都能达到很好的控制效果,只是鲁棒性有差别.     

压电陶瓷片耦合振动模态的ANSYS 模拟分析

埋置于混凝土中的压电陶瓷片可用于混凝土结构的无损监测，而其自身的力学行为可视为一周边固定的复合薄圆板的振动。由于所研究的压电陶瓷片是由压电陶瓷层和薄铜片两种不同材料所组成，因此不仅存在自由度的耦合问题，同时还存在不同物理场的耦合问题。本文利用ANSYS6．1对所研究的压电陶瓷片进行了压电耦合分析，并得出了其正反谐振模态。     

智能柔性机械臂的建模和振动主动控制研究

针对伺服电动机、谐波齿轮减速器、柔性臂及压电致动器组成的智能柔性机械臂系统,基于假设模态法和Hamilton原理建立系统动力学方程.为了实现系统较高精度的位置控制,同时快速抑制柔性臂的弹性振动,提出了对伺服电动机采用PD(proportional derivative)控制、对压电致动器采用模糊(fuzzy)控制的复合控制策略.在数值仿真分析的基础上,搭建了智能柔性机械臂系统测控平台.数值仿真和实验结果表明所提出的控制策略是可行的:PD控制算法控制伺服电动机以较高的位置精度完成了系统运动控制,模糊控制算法控制压电致动器较快地抑制了柔性臂的弹性振动.实验中柔性臂的振动衰减时间由6.5s缩短为3.5s,提高了柔性臂末端的定位控制精度,改善了系统的操作效率.     

智能结构中压电元件双向换能效率的仿真研究

根据压电振子机电换能等效图,得出压电超声换能器等效二端口网络模型,由此推导了智能结构中压电换能器的双向换能函数.仿真实验表明,驱动-传感换能器对的双向换能效率随负载声阻抗的增大先升高后降低.为提高换能效率,可以采用匹配声阻抗法.     

光纤智能夹层制作工艺及试验研究

根据智能结构中光纤自诊断系统模块化要求,制作出光纤智能夹层.这种智能夹层不仅具有在光纤接头部位未出现断裂及智能夹层中光纤传感器未出现损坏的特点,而且具有光纤传感器的高灵敏度特性,可以铺设于复合材料表面或埋入复合材料内部.在此基础上,对智能夹层试件分别进行了轴向拉伸和四点弯曲试验.试验表明:在一定应变范围内,单膜交错光纤中光强-应变之间具有良好的线性关系,可以在埋入复合材料之前进行标定.利用智能夹层中光纤传感网络或自诊断模块,可以实现对智能结构的在线监测.     

压电智能结构的主动控制及压电执行器布局优化

本文对压电梁、板结构振动主动控制进行了研究,分别建立了压电悬臂梁的耦合动力学方程以及Kirchhoff假设下矩形压电薄板的耦合动力学方程,通过采用独立模态空间控制法,实现了对压电智能结构前两阶模态的主动振动控制.为提高主动控制的抑振效果,通过仿真实例分析了压电执行器在梁上的不同布局对于主动控制抑振效果的影响,得到了压电执行器粘附于悬臂梁上的最佳布局.最后实验验证了压电悬臂梁在自由振动以及模态共振下压电执行器对于悬臂梁响应控制的可行性和有效性.     

一种光纤光栅智能夹层的实验研究

根据智能结构中光纤自诊断系统标准化、集成化、模块化的要求,基于双重光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感器,研制了一种光纤智能夹层系统,实验表明:它可以对结构同一位置的应变和温度响应进行同时区分监测。利用智能夹层中FBG传感器网络和先进的信息处理技术,可以建立结构损伤主动、在线和实时监测系统。     

IC design of driving circuit of MEMS microrobot using pulse-type hardware neuron model

This paper presented a driving circuit which can output a driving waveform of the piezoelectric element impact-type actuator. The piezoelectric element impact-type actuator generates the rotational movement which is necessary to move the legs of the micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) microrobot. The MEMS microrobot is made from silicon wafers fabricated by micro fabrication technology. The size of the fabricated MEMS microrobot is 4.0 mm × 4.6 mm × 3.6 mm. The driving circuit consists of a bare chip IC of the pulse-type hardware neuron model (P-HNM) and a peripheral circuit. P-HNM is an electrical oscillating model which has the same basic features of biological neurons. Therefore, P-HNM can output the driving waveform of the piezoelectric element impact-type actuator using electrical oscillation as biological neuron. As a result, we showed that the driving circuit can output the driving waveform of the piezoelectric element impact-type actuator without using any software programs or analog digital converters.     

Vision-assisted profile inspection system of inhomogeneous flex circuits in hard disk drives

Previous contributors have identified flex circuit or cable vibrations to be problematic sources for decreasing operation accuracy of read/write head in hard disk drives. To reduce the vibrations from the flex cable, damper layer or piezo-electric (PZT) layer have been reported to be effective in controlling the cable’s dynamics. However, due to complexity in the largely deformed circuit with additional layer, it is quite difficult to come up with proper analytical model to depict cable’s profile. In this work, a vision system and detection method are proposed and examined with mock flex cables by sandwiching additional PZT film layer between two plastic laminates, causing the cable to be inhomogeneous along its free length direction. From the present investigation, close-to-real 2D geometry or say the profile of inhomogeneous flex cable can be obtained by image processing filters including standard deviation threshold of the captured flex cable image. To ensure reliability in obtaining the correct profile of the cable, three types of evaluation techniques were implemented on the flex cable’s image contour. The profile was used in constructing finite element mode from which natural frequencies were validated by experimental measurements. Study on the flex cable’s non-uniformity reveals that the PZT film near J-block joint stiffens and straightens the cable contour. Without bending the cable contour too much and destroying the mechanical design of flex cable, it was suggested by this work that PZT layer would be an appropriate control medium to eliminate the cable vibrations.     

Hard disk drive seek-arrival vibration reduction with parametric damped flexible printed circuits

Seek-arrival track-mis-registration (TMR) is one of the most critical dynamic design factors for modern hard disk drives to achieve high data transfer-rate performance goal. With its flexible structural nature, the flex cable itself inevitably renders low-frequency natural modes which have been a challenge with respect to balancing design efforts among servo control, mechanical design, and manufacturing process in disk drive industry. In this paper, particular focus will be given to vibration damping approach to reduce flex cable related seek-arrival dynamics in a state of the art magnetic disk storage drive. Experimental parameter studies of a typical constrained-layer damped flex cable vibrations are presented with cable exposed to various damper length and fold in different geometries. Effectiveness of the damper is also demonstrated by frequency responses with random excitation from actuator arm. Several design options toward reducing the flex circuit related arrival TMR will also be discussed in this paper.     

Distributed structural identification and control of shells using distributed piezoelectrics: Theory and finite element analysis

Distributed dynamic identification and vibration control of high-performance flexible structures has drawn much attention in recent years. This article presents an analytical and finite-element study on a distributed piezoelectric sensor and distributed actuator coupled with flexible shells and plates. The integrated piezoelectric sensor/actuator can monitor the oscillation as well as actively control the structural vibration by the direct/converse piezoelectric effects, respectively. Based on Maxwell's equations and Love's assumptions, new theories on distributed sensing and active vibration control of a generic shell using the distributed piezoelectrics are derived. These theories can be easily simplified to account for plates, cylinders, beams, etc. A new piezoelectric finite element is also formulated using the variational principle and Hamilton's principle. A piezoelectric micropositioning device was first studied; analytical solutions are compared closely with experimental and finite-element results. Distributed vibration identification and control of a zero-curvature shell-a plate-are also investigated.     

Study on the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric inkjet print head with basic excitation methods

In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric inkjet print head were studied by analyzing vibration mode and resonant frequency. The modal analysis was carried out by using the multiphysics simulation software COMSOL. The vibration characteristics of print head were measured. The piezoelectric actuator and print head were excited by two basic excitation methods: fast sine sweep and white noise, respectively. The speed response was measured by the laser Doppler vibrometer and the power spectrum was obtained by using MATLAB software to obtain the first-order resonant frequency. The results show that the first-order mode is most suitable for droplet formation and ejection, and the print head in the working state is indeed under the first-order mode. The fluid–solid coupling effect has great influence on the shape and amplitude of the vibration curve. The presence of liquid lower the peak of the resonant frequency and the severe liquid motion affect the number of peaks of the resonant frequency.

     

压电换能器谐振频率动态检测的研究

超声波换能器串联谐振频率的检测和研究都是基于静态分析,因而存在无法对实际应用电路进行动态参数的识别和实时跟踪的缺点.基于压电换能器的等效电路,结合导纳圆分析,提出了一种检测换能器谐振频率和相关参数的方法.该方法对超声波电源实现自动识别、跟踪以及动态匹配压电换能器谐振频率等具有非常重要的参考作用.动态检测结果表明,该方法可以较好地检测出压电换能器的谐振频率.     

Direct bonding of polymer/glass-based microfluidic chips with dry film photoresist

Microsystem Technologies - Dry film has been widely used as a low-cost photoresist in the print circuit board industry which consists of a thin layer of photoresist sandwiched between two...     

Vertical Thermopiles Embedded in a Polyimide-Based Flexible Printed Circuit Board

A fabrication process for vertical thermopiles embedded in a 75-mum-thick polyimide foil has been developed for flexible printed circuit boards (flex PCBs). The vertical connections consist of electrodeposited antimony-and nickel-plated through-hole vias. The plated through-hole vias consist of multiple wires, with a total metal content that is 1% of the total via volume. The via fabrication technique is similar to standard flex PCB wet etch and metallization processes. The main difference is that the foils are pretreated with ion irradiation to induce highly selective vertical etch rates. The thermopiles were characterized by measuring their voltage response to an applied temperature difference across the foil thickness.     

Modeling and characterization of an industrial inkjet head for micro-patterning on printed circuit boards

A conceptual design using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication has been performed to develop an industrial inkjet head for micro-patterning on printed circuit boards. The printhead has been fabricated with silicon and silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers by MEMS process and silicon to silicon bonding method. The measured displacement waveform from a piezoelectric actuator by laser doppler vibrometer (LDV) was used as input data for the three-dimensional flow solver to simulate the droplet formation. The mechanism of droplet ejection from piezoelectric-type inkjet heads was investigated by simulating two-phase flows of the air and metal inks. As a preliminary approach, liquid metal jetting phenomena are identified by simulating droplet ejection and droplet formation in a consequent manner. Parametric studies are followed by the design optimization process to deduce key factors to inkjet head performance: nozzle geometry, droplet size, ejecting speed, pulse amplitude, and ink viscosity. The present design tool, based on a two-phase flow solver and experimental measurements, has shown its promising applicability to various concept designs of industrial inkjet system for micro-patterning on electronic chips and boards.     

基于Protel DXP的PCB设计

Protel是Aidum公司推出的电路辅助设井系统。原理图绘好后,接着是设计印制电路板,简称PCB。进行PCB设计一般遵循：规划电路板、装入元器件封装库及网络袁、元器件的布局、布线等步骤。本文通过ProtelDXP软件探讨了整个PCB设计过程,为正确高效率设计印制电路板提供了有效的途径。