PP无纺布接枝NVP研究

以PP无纺布为基材，以N－乙烯基－2－吡咯烷酮（NVP）为单体，采用热接枝聚合方法，重点考察了反应时间，单体浓度，引发剂含量及反应温度对接枝率的影响，实验结果发现，通过热接枝方法可将NVP单体接枝在PP无纺布上，使其具有亲水性，提高引发剂和单体浓度可增加接枝率；反应温度对接枝率的影响在低，高温阶段有所不同。     

丁苯胶乳接枝醋酸乙烯酯共聚改性的研究

为了改善丁苯胶乳(SB)与水泥的相容性,采用醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)单体与SB进行乳液接枝共聚。研究了单体浓度、引发剂和乳化剂的用量、反应温度、反应时间等对接枝率的影响,确定了最佳的接枝反应条件为:[VAc]=5.0mol/L;[(NH4)2SO3]=9.4×10-3mol/L;乳化剂C12H25SO3Na含量为4%(按单体质量计),温度80℃,时间3h。以IR测定了未接枝的的SB和接枝物的结构,比较二者的IR谱图,在1815.44cm-1、1753.91cm-1处有强吸收峰,表明接枝物含有羰基,从而证明VAc接枝到SB上。以SEM观察了胶乳的成膜性,接枝聚合物的成膜性远优于未接枝的SB膜;其拉伸强度显著提高。     

聚丙烯微孔膜表面接枝聚合丙烯酰胺的改性研究

用化学方法在聚丙烯微孔膜表面接枝丙烯酰胺单体,分别考察了反应温度、单体浓度、反应时间和引发剂浓度等反应因素对接枝率的影响,红外光谱和扫描电镜证实了丙烯酰胺在聚丙烯微孔膜表面的接枝,水接触角测试显示接枝膜具有良好的亲水性,热分析表明接枝膜基本没有改变聚丙烯微孔膜的基体性质.实验发现当反应温度为60℃,单体浓度为10%,反应时间为4h,引发剂浓度为2.0×10-3mol/L时,获得最佳接枝效果.     

纳米ZnO／CeO2抗紫外剂制备工艺研究

以Zn（NO3）2·6H2O、Ce（NO3）3·6H30、（NH4）2CO3·H2O和PEG400为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备ZnO／CeO2抗紫外剂复合粉体,用XRD测试了纳米颗粒的粒径,研究了n（Zn^2＋）／n（Ce^4＋）、PEG400的用量、煅烧温度的最佳工艺,结果表明n（Zn^2＋）／n（Ce^4＋）为1：3...     

丙烯酰胺与熔喷聚丙烯非织造布的接枝共聚研究

本实验以熔喷聚丙烯非织造布为基材、KMnO4为引发剂、丙烯酰胺为单体,通过正交实验得到影响反应的优化条件;然后又讨论了各单因素条件对接枝共聚反应的影响变化规律;并对接枝产物的结构及润湿性能进行了分析.结果表明:接枝物的润湿性能明显改善,并且当KMnO4浓度为10*10-3mol/L、H2SO4浓度为0.3mol/L、预处理温度为50℃、单体浓度为0.4mol/L、接枝反应温度为50℃时接枝效果最好.     

α-甲基丙烯酸接枝ABS树脂的研究

以过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂,在1,2－二氯乙烷溶液中进行了α－甲基丙烯酸接枝ABS树脂,经红外光谱分析表明,α－甲基丙烯酸已接枝到ABS树脂上,研究了单体浓度,引发剂浓度,反应时间和反应温度对接枝聚合物接枝率,凝胶率等的影响。根据实验结果,推测终止反应主要为接枝链间的偶合终止。     

超临界CO_2中pH-响应型壳聚糖膜的制备及性能

以壳聚糖为膜基材,制备壳聚糖基多孔膜,并在超临界二氧化碳中,以丙烯酸(AA)和4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)为接枝共聚单体,对壳聚糖多孔膜进行接枝,制备了p H-响应型壳聚糖多孔膜。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射等对接枝膜的结构进行表征,考察了2种接枝单体的摩尔比及反应压力对壳聚糖膜接枝率的影响,以及接枝膜对蛋白质的吸附。红外结果表明聚丙烯酸与聚4-乙烯基吡啶均接枝到壳聚糖膜上。当AA/4-VP单体摩尔比由3∶1增加至6∶1时,接枝率由7.12%逐渐增大至13.36%,此后呈下降趋势。且随着反应压力的提高,壳聚糖膜接枝率先增长后降低,当反应压力在19 MPa时,得到较高的接枝率(13.36%)。当溶液p H=2~10时,壳聚糖接枝膜的水通量随着p H值的增大而降低。蛋白质吸附实验显示,在p H为4.8时接枝膜获得最大比表面积吸附量5.76 mg/cm2。     

过氧化苯甲酰引发乙丙橡胶膜接枝乙酸乙烯酯研究

为了改性乙丙橡胶 ( EPR)膜 ,利用过氧化苯甲酰 ( BPO)引发 EPR膜接枝乙酸乙烯酯 ( VAc) ,得到接枝共聚物 ( EPR- g- VAc)膜。将 EPR膜和 VAc、BPO、Cu( NO3) 2 、甲醇和少量水溶液加入玻璃反应瓶中 ,溶液用氮气 ( 99.95% )脱氧 10 min后 ,密封。在电磁搅拌和加热条件下进行接枝反应。接枝膜用甲醇萃取除去均聚物 ,然后在真空烘箱中 60℃干燥至恒量 ,得到 EPR- g- VAc膜。文中研究了单体浓度、阻聚剂浓度、接枝温度对接枝率的影响 ,确定了最佳接枝条件为 :[VAc]=5.4 mol/ L,[Cu( NO3) 2 ]=1.33× 10 -4 mol/ L,反应温度为 60℃。用 IR光谱仪测定了 EPR- g- VAc和 EPR膜的结构 ,通过比较EPR- g- VAc和 EPR膜红外谱图 ,表明了接枝膜约在 172 0 cm-1处出现了羰基吸收峰 ,证明 VAc已接枝到 EPR膜上。接枝率为 16%的 EPR- g- VAc膜与未接枝的 EPR膜相比较 ,接枝膜的拉伸强度提高 5倍以上 ,断裂伸长率降低 1倍     

皮肤敷料用温敏性氮异丙基丙烯酰胺接枝改性聚四氟乙烯膜

采用紫外辐照法将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)接枝于聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜表面,得到聚氮异丙基丙烯酰胺接枝改性PTFE膜(PTFE-gPNIPAAm)。采用SEM和IR,对接枝前后PTFE膜的形貌结构及成分进行表征分析,计算其接枝率和透湿率,并考察其在不同温度下的溶胀性能。结果表明,通过紫外辐照,PNIPAAm接枝于PTFE膜表面;当NIPAAm单体浓度为5%(质量分数)时,接枝率最高;PTFE膜的透湿率在接枝后显著降低;PTFE-gPNIPAAm膜的溶胀行为在32℃附近发生明显变化。该接枝改性多孔膜有望用作具有温敏特性的易剥离皮肤伤口敷料。     

异丙基丙烯酰胺接枝改性聚氨酯多孔膜及其理化性能研究

采用紫外辐照法将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)接枝于聚氨酯(PU)膜表面,得到聚氮异丙基丙烯酰胺接枝改性PU膜(PU-g-PNIPAAm)。采用SEM和IR对接枝前后PU膜的形貌结构及成分进行表征分析,计算其接枝率和透湿率,并考察其在不同温度下的溶胀性能。结果表明,PNIPAAm通过紫外辐照成功接枝于PU膜表面;当NIPAAm单体浓度为5%(质量分数)时,接枝率最高;PU膜的透湿率在接枝后显著降低,更接近于人体皮肤;PU-g-PNIPAAm膜在32℃附近发生明显的溶胀行为变化。该接枝改性多孔膜有望用作人工皮肤的表皮材料。     

丙烯酸/尼龙-6接枝膜的合成与表征

采用（ＮＨ４）２Ｃｅ（ＮＯ３）６／Ｈ２ＳＯ４这一水溶性高效引发体系发引尼龙－６膜与丙烯酸的接枝共聚合反应。合成了一系列不同的接枝率的接枝膜,其中接枝率最高可达３１２％。这一数值是文献报导的接枝率的４倍多。     

A study on major inorganic ion composition of atmospheric aerosols at Tirupati

Atmospheric aerosol samples were collected from an urbanized area (Tirupati, South India) during the period April to September 2001 and were analyzed for major inorganic ions-F, Cl, NO(3,) SO(4), Na, K, Mg, Ca and NH(4) by employing the ion chromatograph. The average mass of the aerosol was found to be 55.64 microgram(-3) with a total water-soluble load (total anion+total cation) of 5.74 microgram(-3). Seasonal distribution of the aerosol mass and temporal variations of the ion concentrations present a clear trend of lowering atmospheric levels during the rainy season due to washout effect. Composition of the aerosols showed higher concentration of SO(4) followed by NO(3) and NH(4) and found to be influenced by local terrestrial sources. The presence of SO(4) and NO(3) may be due to re-suspension of soil particles (formation by heterogeneous oxidation). Ca, Mg and Cl are mainly soil derived ones. The presence of NH(4) may be attributed to the reaction of NH(3) vapors with acidic gases such as H(2)SO(4), HNO(3) and HCl or ammonia vapor may react or condense on an acidic particle surface of anthropogenic origin. Equivalent ratios of NH(4)/(NO(3)+SO(4)) varied between 0.62 and 0.74. It shows the aerosol to be slightly acidic due to the neutralization of basicity by SO(2) and NO(x).     

Phosphogypsum Utilization Part II: Preparation of Ammonium Sulphate

The aim of this work was to describe the conversion of raw phosphogypsum, issued from the manufacture of H3PO4 by dissolving the phosphate rock in H2SO4, into (NH4)2SO4 and CaCO3. The thermal analysis technique was used to estimate the yield of conversion. (NH4)2CO3 or (NH4)2CO3 with excess NH4OH or (NH4)2CO3 with NH3 gas were used in the preparation of (NH4)2SO4 from phosphogypsum. The obtained samples were separated and tested by chemical and thermogravimetric analyses, infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction and the optimum conditions of conversion were determined. The results indicated that the yield of conversion equals to 83.37 and 86.70% in case of using (NH4)2CO3 or (NH4)2CO3 with excess ammonia respectively, while by using NH3 gas the percentage of conversion increased to 94.2% at a flow rate of 6 ml/min. Chemical analysis, infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction patterns of the yield, (NH4)2SO4 were nearly similar to the standard sample.     

微波均相合成Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2粉体及其烧结性

以Ce(NO3)3.6H2O和ZrOCl2.8H2O为原料,以尿素为沉淀剂,利用微波均相法制备Ce0.75Zr0.25O2粉体,采用热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜表征制备的粉体,对制备的粉体压制成型并烧结,用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结体的微观结构。结果表明,合成Ce0.75Zr0.25O2前驱体时加入2倍于Ce3+物质的量的H2O2可以减小固溶体颗粒粒度,降低固溶温度30℃;所制备的固溶体粉体具有良好的烧结性,在1 550℃得到烧结体的相对密度达99.57%。     

新型铝合金Ce-Mo基转化膜

研制了一种新型的铝合金Ce-Mo基转化膜工艺－AM工艺,此种工艺的成膜溶液组成为：（NH4）2Ce(NO3)62.5g/L,NaKC4H4O6.4H2O2.5g/L,Na2co37.5g/L,NaMoO45.0g/L.铝合金浸在浸腾的此种成膜溶液中20min,可形成约3.6um厚的铝合金Ce-Mo基转化膜,于5％NaCl溶液中进行了极化曲线测试和浸泡试验表明,对LF6铝合金,经AM工艺处理形成的转化膜抗局部腐蚀能力超过了传统的铝吕金铬酸盐转化膜,但对LC4铝合金,此种转化 耐蚀性能不理想,EDAX和SEM分析表明,LF6和LC4两种铝合金上莆成的AM转化膜主要由Al,Ce,Mo的氧化物或氢氧化物组成,但们的表面形貌差异很大。     

SO24-／ZrMCM-48和H-ZrMCM-48的制备与催化性能

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源、硫酸锆为锆源、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,在氟化物存在的条件下,120℃下水热法合成ZrMCM-48介孔分子筛．分别用H2S04和NH4NO3对ZrMCM48进行修饰,得到酸性的SO24-／ZrMCM-48和H-zrMCM48介孔分子筛．通过x射线衍射仪（XRD）、NH3-TPD、N2吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等方法对所得样品进行表征,并通过苯酚与叔丁醇的烷基化反应考察其催化性能．结果表明：ZrMCM-48、SO24-／ZrMCM-48和H-ZrMCM48都具有MCM48典型的立方介孔结构．经H2SO4和NH4NO3修饰后得到的样品的介孔有序性下降,ZrMCM48的弱酸中心较多,强酸中心相对缺乏;样品H-ZrMCM-48和SO24-／ZrMCM-48,除具有弱酸中心外,还有一定量的强酸中心,并且SO24-／ZrMCM-48比H-ZrMCM-48的强酸中心多．在相同的实验条件下,SO24-／ZrMCM-48催化剂的催化活性明显高于H-zrMCM48和zrMCM48,反应温度为140℃时,苯酚转化率高达91．6％．对于SO24-／ZrMCM-48催化剂,在低温时有利于选择性制备2,4-DTBP,高温时有利于选择性制备4-TBP．     

PBA/尼龙6/H_2SO_4体系液晶相转变动力学研究

本文用PLM及DLI法研究了聚对苯甲酰胺及聚对苯甲酰胺/尼龙6的硫酸溶液由液晶态转变为非液晶态过程的相转变动力学;以及由非液晶态转变为液晶态的液晶化动力学。在由液晶态转变为非液晶态的过程中,PBA体系的转变由三个阶段组成,而PBA/尼龙6体系仅一个阶段,每个阶段的相变级数与活亿能,都可由动力学方程求得。在相同的相转变温度下,PBA体系的转变速率要比PBA/尼龙6共混体系快。研究结果还表明,PBA体系以及共混体系的液晶化过程数据用Avrami公式处理,线性关系很好。PBA体系的液晶化过程与PBA/尼龙6体系也不同,PBA体系也有三个阶段,而共混体系仅有一个。不同的液晶成核条件及液晶化温度都可使n、k值有规律地变化。     

Photooxidative degradation of Acid Red 27 in a tubular continuous-flow photoreactor: influence of operational parameters and mineralization products

The decolorization and mineralization of Acid Red 27 (AR27), an anionic monoazo dye of acid class, was investigated using UV radiation in the presence of H2O2 in a tubular continuous-flow photoreactor as a function of oxidant concentration, reactor length, flow rate and light intensity. The removal efficiency of AR27 depends on the operational parameters and increases as the initial concentration of H2O2 and light intensity are increased but it decreases when the flow rate is increased. The AR27 degradation was followed through HPLC, UV-vis and COD analyses. The results of these analyses showed that the final outlet stream from the photoreactor was completely mineralized. The UV/H2O2 process was also able to mineralize nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms into NH4+, NO3-, NO2- and SO4(2-) ions, respectively. The nitrogen of azo group was transformed predominantly to NH4+ ions. Decreasing the flow rate results in the reduction of COD and promotion of SO4(2-) at the final outlet stream of the photoreactor.     

Recovery of ammonium alum from waste solutions with a varying ratio of NH4 to Al in groundwater remediation after underground uranium leaching

Experiments with cooling crystallization of ammonium alum, (NH(4)Al(SO(4))2.12H(2)O), were performed with concentrated multicomponent acidic solutions (originating from underground uranium leaching in Stráz pod Ralskem area, Czech Republic, and containing as the principal components Al3+, NH4+, and SO4(2-) ions) as well as with similar solutions prepared in the laboratory. The yield of NH(4)Al(SO(4))2.12H(2)O crystals increased significantly with the increasing NH4+/Al3+ molar ratio, in accordance with pertinent solubility data. The purifying effect of crystallization was quantified by means of the distribution coefficients, characterizing the uptake of ionic impurities to alum crystals; the tendency of cationic impurities to crystallize with NH(4)Al(SO(4))2.12H(2)O decreased in the following order: K+ > Cr3+ >Na+ approximately Fe3+ >Mg2+ approximately Zn2+ >Fe2+. Additionally, gypsum (CaSO4.2H(2)O) solubilities at 25 degrees C, in mother liquors after NH(4)Al(SO(4))2.12H(2)O crystallization, were determined.     

Kinetics of gas-liquid reaction between NO and Co(NH3)6(2+)

Wet ammonia desulphurization process can be retrofitted for combined removal of SO2 and NO from the flue gas by adding soluble cobalt(II) salts into the aqueous ammonia solutions. The Co(NH3)6(2+) formed by ammonia binding with Co2+ is the active constituent of scrubbing NO from the flue gas streams. A stirred vessel with a plane gas-liquid interface was used to measure the chemical absorption rates of nitric oxide into the Co(NH3)6(2+) solution under anaerobic and aerobic conditions separately. The experiments manifest that the nitric oxide absorption reaction can be regarded as instantaneous when nitric oxide concentration levels are parts per million ranges. The gas-liquid reaction becomes gas film controlling as Co(NH3)6(2+) concentration exceeds 0.02 mol/l. The NO absorption rate is proportional to the nitric oxide inlet concentration. Oxygen in the gas phase is favorable to the absorption of nitric oxide. But it is of little significance to increase the oxygen concentration above 5.2%. The NO absorption rate decreases with temperature. The kinetic equation of NO absorption into the Co(NH3)6(2+) solution under aerobic condition can be written as.