小学生校服设计探讨

对小学生校服设计实践进行了总结,提出了小学生校服款式、颜色和面料设计思路;同时分别从休闲式+运动式、休闲式+制服式角度,结合实例给出了两个校服设计方案,旨在对小学生校服改革起到一定推动作用。     

基于无锡地区的小学生校服设计的调研分析

采用问卷调查和访谈的方式,以无锡地区为例,调研小学生、家长及教师对目前校服的看法和意愿;分析目前小学生校服存在的问题,找出该典型地区小学校服需求和潜在的市场空缺,拟为校服生产企业针对小学生校服设计和生产提供参考。     

基于常武地区小学生问卷调查的校服创新设计研究

校服作为学生日常穿戴的校园服饰,既要有实现统一学生服饰、展示身份的功能,又要能体现学生的人文气质和学校的文化内涵。现针对当前国内校服市场存在的问题,基于市场调研,从校服中融入文化元素和实现安全防护功能这两个方面的设计路径,进行了创新设计研究和实践。     

中小学校服设计的面料选择与应用

分析中小学校服的特征及发展趋势,详细阐述当代校服对面料材质的要求,介绍运动校服和制式校服根据不同季节选择不同材质面料的依据。指出当代校服的外形设计要有学校特色,所用面料必须安全环保,而且要根据不同季节的特点选用不同的原料,以保证穿着舒适。校服面料所用原料以纯棉纤维为主,此外还有涤毛、涤棉、涤黏混纺纱以及莫代尔、天丝、竹纤维等新型再生纤维素纤维,弹性氨纶面料也将会大量运用于校服设计中。     

符号学视角下的大学校服设计研究

大学校服在表达大学价值观、展现校园文化形象、体现学科和专业特色上承担着重要作用。文章通过“焦点小组”“深度访谈”获取大学在校生对校服穿着的态度,论证大学校服在特定场合下穿着的必要性,即可通过穿着校服获得集体归属感、参与感、仪式感;通过问卷调研及“因子分析”“优序图法”分析,获取大学校服设计的具体维度和设计要素权重排序;最后结合“符号学”理论,以澳门城市大学为例设计日常校服和校庆校服共10款方案,通过“均值排序”对设计方案的满意度进行验证。文章通过研究以期为大学校服的设计和研究提供可借鉴方案。     

大学生校服的研究与设计

分析了目前国内外校服的现状，指出了国内“大学生校服”研究设计的必要性。采用问卷调查的方式，了解了大学生的着装意愿。提出了满足大学生需求的校服设计要素。     

基于高密针织面料的中学生制式校服设计

高密针织面料相比于梭织面料具有更好的服用性,舒适性也得到了提升。文中首先介绍了高密针织面料的特点,然后阐述其在制式校服设计中的应用,结合GB/T 31888—2015《中小学生校服》的要求,探讨了高密针织面料在制式校服中应用的设计理念及方法,形成了一套较为完善的高密针织面料在针织校服上应用的理论。同时,详细介绍了高密针织面料校服设计应用实例,制作毛涤高密针织面料、棉氨高密针织面料及相应校服样衣,校服设计及使用效果良好。该研究可为针织制式校服的设计提供参考。     

温湿度变化对真丝及人造丝的热传导性的影响

全球变暖后的炎炎夏日,以及强烈的气候变化对人的影响很大。为了凉爽地度过炎热的夏季,我们有必要知道各种纤维素材的热传导特性。在20℃、相对湿度65％的条件下,测量各种纤维的热传导率。面料的热传导率以及面料中所含的纤维的热传导率之间有比例的关系,纤维体积率低的纤维中间的纤维素材的差     

涤盖棉单向导湿校服面料的开发

针对中小学生运动量大、易出汗,运动后衣服容易黏贴在皮肤上引起不适,文中开发一款涤盖棉单向导湿校服面料。以11.11 tex/144 f(100 D/144 f)百酷丝(涤纶DTY)作面纱,14.5 tex(40~S)精梳棉纱作地纱构造涤盖棉针织结构,在加工过程对织物先进行亲水整理,再通过印花对织物反面进行疏水整理,构造织物两侧亲水和疏水的差异,并测试了面料的pH值、染色牢度、顶破强力等基本性能和吸湿速干性能。结果表明,开发的面料各项色牢度达到3～4级以上,顶破强力较高;面料洗前和洗涤20次后的单向传递指数和液态水动态传递综合指数均为5级,具有良好的服用性能。     

运动文胸热湿舒适性研究

运动文胸作为女性运动服饰的一类,其功能性主要是塑形和减轻运动过程的振动。运动文胸由面料、罩杯等多层材质组成,所以对热量和汗液的散失有阻碍,尤其在剧烈运动时,其热湿舒适性很重要。以5名女大学生为受试者,分别穿着三种运动文胸,采用中等强度匀速跑步实验方案,对其胸部皮肤温、摄氧量、代谢当量和心率进行了测试。结果表明,在运动相同时间的情况下,无罩杯运动文胸的舒适性指标优于海绵杯运动文胸;而海绵杯运动文胸和立棉杯运动文胸的舒适性指标没有明显差异。结论:有无罩杯对运动文胸热湿舒适性有明显的影响;不同罩杯材质的运动文胸热湿舒适性还有待于进一步的研究。     

当代警服的发展与设计研究

为了顺应警察职能变化,满足警服的发展需求,为解决当代警服材料与结构的功能性不足及审美与功能的协调问题,通过文献研究、问卷调查和实践研究等方法探讨警察职能变化带来的警服多功能性发展趋势。研究结果表明:当代警服设计应以满足符合国家性职能的救援功能、防护功能、科技功能,满足符合社会性职能的实用功能、认知功能、科技功能为设计出发点,对不同职能类别的功能性需求选择不同材料和设计方法,警服结构与人体空间的合理性设计能增加警服的防护性,提高实用性。     

应用均匀设计和响应面分析优化马铃薯渣发酵蛋白饲料的工艺

研究以马铃薯渣为主要原料,通过均匀设计得到发酵工艺对发酵产物中粗蛋白质和真蛋白质含量影响较大的3个因素及取值范围;再通过响应面分析对马铃薯渣蛋白饲料的发酵工艺进行优化,得出最佳的发酵工艺为:培养基水分150％,糖化时间30 min;糖化温度30℃,发酵时间42 h,发酵温度30℃,酶添加量4％.发酵产品中粗蛋白质、真蛋白质质量分数较发酵前分别提高180.28％、156.19％.     

均匀试验优化黑蒜提取液的抗氧化活性

以DPPH自由基清除率为指标,利用均匀试验考察了提取温度、时间、pH和底物质量比对黑蒜提取液抗氧化活性的影响.结果表明,pH对黑蒜提取液抗氧化活性具有显著影响(p0.05).黑蒜提取液制取的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度40℃,提取时间30 min,pH=3.0,黑蒜与去离子水的质量比(g∶mL)为1∶25,此时对DPPH自由基的清除率为92.65%,与理论值的相对误差3.59%.     

基于虚拟仪器构建服装测量用温湿度仪

温度和相对湿度是服装热湿舒适性研究领域中2个重要的测量参数,对其进行精确的动态实时测量是服装领域的实用技术。以美国国家仪器(NI)公司的虚拟仪器为架构,在LabVIEW为系统软件的开发环境下,研制了1台温湿度测量仪。该仪器具有多路信号输入,数据连续采集与处理,图形化显示,文件存储,超限报警等多项功能,并具有设置灵活,方便修改的特点,可用于服装热湿舒适性测量及其他相关领域,并在实验中取得了良好的结果。     

重庆地区中学校校服消费市场调查分析

通过对重庆3个中学600名中学生和学生家长的问卷调查,对目前重庆地区校服的款式特征、认同感、满意度、着穿校服地原因等情况进行了分析,并对重庆地区中学校服的设计提出了建议。     

均匀设计法优化山药多糖提取工艺的研究

为了在工业化提取山药多糖及在保健品的研发方面奠定基础,分别考虑了超声波提取时间、料液比、超声波作用后水提时间和超声波功率等4个因素对山药多糖提取率的影响,做12个水平的实验,得出不同水平下的12组多糖提取率的数据,由此12组数据运用均匀设计法优化超声波辅助提取山药多糖的提取工艺,最终确定出提取山药多糖的最佳工艺条件为：超声波辅助提取时间为60min,料液比为1∶18,超声波作用后热水提取时间为120min,超声波功率为450w,在此工艺条件下测得多糖的提取率为31.56%。     

Effects of body surface area estimates on predicted energy requirements and heat stress

The 0.09 x W(0.67) equation (where W = weight in kilograms) used to estimate body surface area (SA) in cattle energy requirements models was developed using measurements of sheep that weighed between 24 and 38 kg. The SA estimates it produced were compared with those of the equation 0.14 x W(0.57), based on Holstein cattle weighing 41 to 617 kg. The estimate of SA produced by the first equation was 23% greater for a 650-kg cow than that obtained by the second equation. The impact of SA estimates on thermal comfort range and development of cold and heat stress effects was calculated, using a thermal balance model, for a 600-kg cow producing 35 kg/d. Predicted metabolic heat production increment at -10 degrees C ambient temperature with 0.5 m/s wind velocity was 0.44 Mcal/d and 1.21 Mcal/d by the first and second equation, respectively. Predicted lower critical temperature (LCT) was -8.7 degrees C by the first equation and -0.6 degrees C by the second equation, an 8 degrees C difference. The LCT difference between SA estimates increased from 4.6 to 9.4 degrees C, with milk production rising from 10 to 45 kg/d. By the first equation, skin nonevaporative heat loss started to decrease at 15 degrees C and became close to nil at and ambient temperature of 35 degrees C, whereas by the second equation, respective values were 10 degrees C and 39 degrees C, a 5 degrees C shift in the estimated temperature at which thermal stress would start developing. The larger SA and skin water loss predicted by the first equation reduced by 50% the respiratory heat loss involved in maintenance of thermal balance at higher temperatures for a 600-kg cow. The second equation seems preferable for Holstein SA estimation since it is based on Holstein cattle data. It provides more adequate estimates of energy requirement in the cold and of heat stress relief needs for Holstein cattle.     

均匀设计在黑莓澄清汁酶解工艺中的应用

研究了均匀实验设计法在黑莓澄清汁酶解条件优化中的应用,结果表明:较少的实验次数可以获得良好的实验结果。利用SAS数据处理软件对实验结果进行回归分析,得到了具有很好拟合度的回归方程;通过分析加酶量、温度、时间等酶解条件对果汁的影响,得出最优酶解参数为加酶量0.063%(v/w)、酶解时间110min、酶解温度44℃。     

均匀设计法优化浑浊型白果饮料中的复配稳定剂

以白果为原料,采用均匀组合设计方法,选定卡拉胶、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、瓜尔胶和刺瑰豆胶为实验因素,以白果饮料的粘度为目标建立数学模型,通过实验结果进行方差分析及对数学模型进行优化得到浑浊型白果饮料的优化条件。实验结果表明,CMC为0.05g/100mL、卡拉胶为0.09g/100mL、瓜尔胶为0.09g/100mL、刺槐豆胶为0.04g/100mL时,粘度值达到最佳值137mPa·s,所得的浑浊白果饮料更加稳定。结果证明均匀设计方法适用于浑浊型白果饮料复配稳定剂的多因素实验设计,而且简便易行。     

Thermal properties of combat uniforms treated with microencapsulated octadecane and change in clothing microclimate via thermal manikin

This study examined how the heat storage property and the heat release property of three different PCM (Phase Change Material) treatment concentrations of combat uniform fabrics affected microclimate inside clothing after the octadecane-treated fabrics were made into garments. Three combat uniforms were constructed with fabrics treated by three different octadecane concentrations (0, 8, and 16%) at the same curing temperature of 113.6 °C. The thermal properties of the octadecane-treated fabrics were acquired by using DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) analysis. Also, water vapor and air permeability were measured before the thermal comfort of the octadecane-treated combat uniforms was evaluated. And then, a thermal manikin was used to measure skin temperature, skin humidity, and microclimate temperature, while the chamber was set at various environmental temperatures (0, 0–35, 35, and 35–0 °C). And, to analyze the differences among skin temperature, skin humidity, and microclimate temperature of the garments according to the three different octadecane concentrations, ANOVA and a post hoc test were conducted. As a result, heat of fusion and heat of crystallization (ΔH_f and ΔH_c) were observed to increase as the octadecane concentration increased. The 8% octadecane-treated fabrics had 3.56 J/g of ΔH_f, 3.80 J/g of ΔH_c, and the 16% octadecane-treated fabrics had 7.46 J/g of ΔH_f, 7.44 J/g of ΔH_c. Also, the more octadecane was added, the less water vapor and air permeability had the fabrics because many open spaces were covered due to the microcapsules after octadecane treatment. It might influence on clothing microclimate. However, the 8% octadecane-treated garment (G1) exhibited less differential skin temperature and humidity and clothing microclimate temperature than the 16% octadecane-treated garment (G2) even though the octadecane concentration was lower. It means that the 8% octadecane-treated garment exhibited better thermal performance than the 16% octadecane-treated garment. This is because the higher octadecane concentration caused the fabric to become stiffer, thereby causing the still air layer to decrease the thermal insulation efficiency and the octadecane treatment was not affected. It differed from the result of the thermal properties (ΔH_f and ΔH_c) of the octadecane-treated fabrics. The reason for this result is that when the thermal manikin wore the octadecane-treated garments, various factors had effects on thermal properties such as environmental aspects, physiological aspects, and clothing aspects.