可重构模块化机器人现状和发展

由于市场全球化的竞争,机器人的应用范围要求越来越广,而每种机器人的构形仅能 适应一定的有限范围,因此机器人的柔性不能满足市场变化的要求,解决这一问题的方法就 是开发可重构机器人系统．本文介绍了可重构机器人的发展状况,分析了可重构机器人的研 究内容和发展方向．     

基于节点映射的核型企业重叠社群发现算法

针对现有企业社群发现算法多侧重于同质性市场环境，不能反映部分企业会参与多条供应链作业的问题，提出一种基于节点映射关系的核社群表示模型Map-Community，通过构塑两种角色节点及其相互间不同的映射关系，判断企业的社群归属问题。基于该表示模型提出一种具有近似线性阶时空复杂度的节点映射算法（NMA）。首先，采取过滤操作获得供应链网络拓扑图中的双连通核心图；然后，引入映射度择选出核心企业节点；其次，依据映射判断规则进行局部扩展；最后，通过回溯将局部社群结构拓展至全局网络并发现重叠区域。LFR网络应用实验中，NMA对阈值变化反映出低敏感性，且在实用性方面优于LFM、COPRA和GCE。在企业社交网络进行仿真，利用划分情况总结分布效应意义。实验结果验证了该算法对于企业重叠社群发现的可行性及其在发现质量方面的性能优势。     

On-line reconfiguration to enhance the routing flexibility of complex automated material handling operations

Traditionally, automated material handling systems are not designed to be reconfigurable and changes to layouts and material flow directions often require significant downtime for physical modifications and reprogramming to be made. As a consequence of global trends towards mass customisation, higher mix and lower volume production, shorter product life cycle, shorter lead-time, increasing velocity of goods across supply chains, and the increasing use of industrial information technology (IT), modern automated material handling systems (AMHS) should be designed with reconfiguration features to maximise utilisation and to enhance its flexibility. This paper focuses on how on-line reconfiguration of complex AMHS can be technically achieved (from both hardware and software considerations), which enables operational routing flexibility as well as recovery routing flexibility when faults occur. Three common “design for on-line reconfiguration” areas are first proposed, namely, resource availability of the entire AMHS or its components, reversible direction of an individual or a group of conveyors, and expandable operating range (or domain) of common-aisle transporters. Design considerations and implementation techniques for a class of reconfigurable AMHS are then discussed. Finally, we illustrate how on-line reconfiguration was implemented for a large-scale complex automated warehouse with several AMHS.     

基于计算无关模型的企业ERP系统重构架构研究

针对当前企业ERP系统中存在的灵活性差,开发时间长等问题,提出并构建可重构ERP系统的体系结构。通过需求分析,明确企业ERP系统构建中对于集成性、扩展性、维护性等方面的要求,基于可重用构建的思想,建立了柔性ERP系统构建体系架构,详细讨论了以面向可重构ERP架构的为目标的构件开发模式,以及基于计算无关模型的重用模式。该体系架构的研究,为建立柔性企业ERP系统提供了基础和指导。     

MAMBA: Automatic customization of computerized business processes

Due to recent market challenges organizational researchers have developed a variety of strategies how organizations can continuously survive in highly dynamic, sometimes even hostile environments. One of the most important strategies aims to enhance the flexibility of enterprises through widespread decentralization, while another well-known approach advocates customer orientation through systematic business process (re-) engineering. This paper addresses organizational flexibility and business process orientation from the perspective of information systems. It starts from a requirements analysis which investigates the challenges of contemporary organizational strategies and then proceeds towards an approach that supports the flexible modeling of business processes by linking decentralized organizational procedures. For this purpose a set of process modeling and process interaction operators is defined. These operators also allow to automatically create and customize configurations of computerized business processes. This progress in cooperative information processing technology contributes significantly to the recently emerged concept of the computerized enterprise. The concepts are presented in the context of a banking application, namely the Credit Advisory Subsystem of our banking application MAMBA.     

Supply chain positioning strategy integration, evaluation, simulation, and optimization

When a company faces the global market, they would have to reengineer their processes and reorient their operation strategies, such as supply chain positioning strategy (SCPS) to benefit the most from a given situation. SCPS refers to actions taken by firms to respond to and satisfy customers' demand. The traditional concepts of production positioning strategy has been extended in this paper to develop various supply chain positioning strategies with a view that, for different production strategies, supply chain strategies should also be different. Obviously, each typical strategy has its advantages and limitations, and only fits for some certain scenarios. In this study, typical SCPSs have been defined, analyzed and classified. Supply chain dynamics and their impact on various strategies are also discussed. Subsequently, general integration approaches of the proposed strategies have been explored. Then, an approach for implementing SCPS in electronics industry is elaborated. It is shown that with integrated strategies, companies can get their desired optimal business values, even under great supply chain dynamics. It is expected that this method would be suitable for global organizations that has a need to cater to varying demands in different regions.     

An agent-based approach for e-manufacturing and supply chain integration

A major problem facing manufacturing organisations is how to provide efficient and cost-effective responses to the unpredictable changes taking place in a global market. This problem is made difficult by the complexity of supply chain networks coupled with the complexity of individual manufacturing systems within supply chains. Current systems such as manufacturing execution systems (MES), supply chain management (SCM) systems and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems do not provide adequate facilities for addressing this problem. This paper presents an approach that would enable manufacturing organisations to dynamically and cost-effectively integrate, optimise, configure, simulate, restructure and control not only their own manufacturing systems but also their supply networks, in a co-ordinated manner to cope with the dynamic changes occurring in a global market. This is realised by a synergy of two emerging manufacturing concepts: Agent-based agile manufacturing systems and e-manufacturing. The concept is to represent a complex manufacturing system and its supply network with an agent-based modelling and simulation architecture and to dynamically generate alternative scenarios with respect to planning, scheduling, configuration and restructure of both the manufacturing system and its supply network based on the coordinated interactions amongst agents.     

Activity-based divergent supply chain planning for competitive advantage in the risky global environment: A DEMATEL-ANP fuzzy goal programming approach

Supply chain management allows modern enterprises to relax their own capacities and produce in a more flexible manner for diversified consumer demands. However, for an enterprise with divergent supply chain (DSC) and multiple product lines, to plan the production allocation for higher competitive advantage in the risky global market is a challenging problem. The existing literature still has not address this problem very well. This paper is aimed to treat this problem by using an integrated approach of activity based costing (ABC) and management, five forces analysis, risk and value-at-risk analysis, decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), analytic network process (ANP), and fuzzy goal programming (FGP). The proposed model can effectively incorporate the key factors of precise costing, managerial constraints, competitive advantage analysis, and risk management into DSC forecasting and multi-objective production planning. A case study of a consumer-oriented cell phone DSC is also presented. The sensitivity analysis shows that identifying and relaxing crucial constraints can play an important role in DSC planning for higher competitive advantage and lower risk.     

动态企业建模(DEM)实施中的组件化方法

以一个先进的ERP建模工具DEM为例,探讨了在动态多变的企业环境下如何快速实施具柔性与扩展性的可配置的ERP系统。提出了组件化方法,对企业进行了四个层次的划分,在业务过程层引入业务组件的概念,以支持系统的柔性与可重构信息系统的开发。提出了采用DEM实施企业建模的步骤:企业层次化、组件层次化、业务组件化、模型层次化、组件集成化。国家863/CIMS应用示范工程SH-CIMSERP的实施证明了该方法的有效性。     

仿生柔性工作流建模与适应算法研究*

为提高柔性工作流对外界动态变化的响应速度,将生物的反射机理引入柔性工作流,构建了柔性工作流神经网络系统。模仿生物响应外界刺激的反射机理,利用人工神经网络技术,在柔性工作流中建立了仿生柔性工作流模型,定义了该模型中的人工神经网络概念模型,并以该模型为基础,提出了柔性工作流适应算法框架。最后,以企业生产计划节点工时定额的制定为例,构建了处理元群为BP网络的仿生柔性工作流模型,对柔性工作流适应算法进行仿真。仿真结果显示,建立的模型能够根据参数的动态变化作出正确的响应,从而证明仿生柔性工作流适应算法能够智能响应外     

Mapping Wireless Communication Algorithms onto a Reconfigurable Architecture

Future mobile communication systems have to be flexible while adapting to environmental conditions and user demands. These systems also have to be energy-efficient as they are used in battery-operated terminals. We expect that heterogeneous reconfigurable hardware can overcome the contradicting requirements in flexibility, energy-efficiency and performance. A coarse-grain reconfigurable processor, called MONTIUM, is presented. An overview of a wireless LAN communication system, HiperLAN/2, and a Bluetooth communication system will be given. Possible implementations of these systems in heterogeneous reconfigurable hardware are discussed. Performance figures of the implemented HiperLAN/2 baseband processing in the MONTIUM architecture are presented. The required performance can be obtained at low clock frequencies with small configuration overhead. The flexibility of the MONTIUM is shown, as the baseband processing of both HiperLAN/2 and Bluetooth is implemented on the same architecture.     

可重构网络中自适应入侵检测修复算法研究

随着越来越多实时应用程序的出现,计算机网络也面临着诸多挑战,如何有效防御入侵者的攻击已成为亟待解决的问题之一。为此,文中提出了一种在可重构网络环境下进行入侵检测和修复的算法。该算法既能够主动实时检测由入侵者删除节点所造成的网络中断,又能够在路径中断后及时采用基于度数的自适应修复算法来进行修复,以保持网络的连通性。实验表明该算法不仅检测延迟低,而且节点度数的增加和信令开销较小,能够较好地满足可重构网络的实时性需求。     

A hybrid cognitive/reactive intelligent agent autonomous path planning technique in a networked-distributed unstructured environment for reinforcement learning

This paper proposes a path planning technique for autonomous agent(s) located in an unstructured networked distributed environment, where each agent has limited and not complete knowledge of the environment. Each agent has only the knowledge available in the distributed memory of the computing node the agent is running on and the agents share some information learned over a distributed network. In particular, the environment is divided into several sectors with each sector located on a single separate distributed computing node. We consider hybrid reactive-cognitive agent(s) where we use autonomous agent motion planning that is based on the use of a potential field model accompanied by a reinforcement learning as well as boundary detection algorithms. Potential fields are used for fast convergence toward a path in a distributed environment while reenforcement learning is used to guarantee a variety of behavior and consistent convergence in a distributed environment. We show how the agent decision making process is enhanced by the combination of the two techniques in a distributed environment. Furthermore, path retracing is a challenging problem in a distributed environment, since the agent does not have complete knowledge of the environment. We propose a backtracking technique to keep the distributed agent informed all the time of its path information and step count including when migrating from one node to another. Note that no node has knowledge of the entire global path from a source to a goal when such a goal resides on a separate node. Each agent has only knowledge of a partial path (internal to a node) and related number of steps corresponding to the portion of the path that agent traversed when running on the node. In particular, we show how each of the agents(s), starting in one of the many sectors with no initial knowledge of the environment, using the proposed distributed technique, develops its intelligence based on its experience and seamlessly discovers the shortest global path to the target, which is located in a different node, while avoiding any obstacle(s) it encounters in its way, including when transitioning and migrating from one distributed computing node to another. The agent(s) use (s) multiple-token-ring message passing interface (MPI) to perform internode communication. Finally, the experimental results of the proposed method show that single and multiagents sharing the same goal and running on the same or different nodes successfully coordinate the sharing of their respective environment states/information to collaboratively perform their respective tasks. The results also show that distributed multiagent sharing information increases by an order of magnitude the speed of convergence to the optimal shortest path to the goal in comparison with the single-agent case or noninformation sharing multiagent case.     

一种低功耗无线传感器网络节点设计

无线传感网络节点功耗直接决定了无线网络的生存周期,为了降低节点能耗,在对多种微处理器芯片和射频芯片性能分析比较的基础上,选择了MSP430F2618处理器芯片和射频芯片CC2520射频芯片,采用微处理器与无线模块独立架构,设计了一种性能灵活无线网络节点;提出了微处理器、射频芯片在工作模式与多种低功耗模式之间切换,以及微处理器时钟的控制等节能策略,在此基础上设计了网络路由节点和端节点软件系统;实验证明:在发射功率为0 dBm,数据传输速率为1 MHz时,设计的节点运行电流和休眠电流(26.1 mA,1.57μA)与传统的Imote节点(35.1 mA,3.6μA)、Mica2节点(56.2 mA,21μA)相比,明显低于传统节点;当节点电池容量为2*700 mAh,工作周期为10分钟时,其生存周期为7.2个月;设计的节点的寿命达到预期目标。     

自组织柔性ERP研究

制造企业结成自组织制造网络,以提高自身的柔性和快速反应能力,应对复杂、多变的混沌环境的挑战。面向事务处理的经典ERP系统,不能有效支持企业在混沌环境下不断变化业务模型及业务模型的持续改进。提出了基于Mul-ti-agent的自组织柔性ERP(SOF-ERP),SOF-ERP不仅是可执行代码的集合,而且是模型与软件组件的集合。基于Multi-agent技术和CORBA规范的组件化SOF-ERP具有分散化、智能化决策与预测能力,实现了软件系统的自适应性修改,提高了系统对环境的适应性和演化能力,解决了异构企业信息集成的兼容性问题,降低ERP实施的复杂性,促进企业向自组织柔性企业的演化。实施案例证明了其可行性。     

How to achieve leagility: A case study of a personal computer original equipment manufacturer in Taiwan

Taiwan is famous for its personal computer (PC) products, and this success demonstrates that Taiwanese manufacturers have effective strategies in managing supply chains of PC-related products. Among various strategies of supply chain management, achieving leagility is the main goal. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how a PC original equipment manufacturer (OEM) in Taiwan achieves leagility through reengineering its supply chain. The case study shows how the company adjusts its production processes from build-to-order (BTO) to configuration-to-order (CTO) to achieve leagility. Through this case study, some experiences of operating global logistics could be shared.     

A Flexible Framework for Fault Tolerance in the Grid

This paper presents a failure detection service (FDS) and a flexible failure handling framework (Grid-WFS) as a fault tolerance mechanism on the Grid. The FDS enables the detection of both task crashes and user-defined exceptions. A major challenge in providing such a generic failure detection service on the Grid is to detect those failures without requiring any modification to both the Grid protocol and the local policy of each Grid node. This paper describes how to overcome the challenge by using a notification mechanism which is based on the interpretation of notification messages being delivered from the underlying Grid resources. The Grid-WFS built on top of FDS allows users to achieve failure recovery in a variety of ways depending on the requirements and constraints of their applications. Central to the framework is flexibility in handling failures. This paper describes how to achieve the flexibility by the use of workflow structure as a high-level recovery policy specification, which enables support for multiple failure recovery techniques, the separation of failure handling strategies from the application code, and user-defined exception handlings. Finally, this paper presents an experimental evaluation of the Grid-WFS using a simulation, demonstrating the value of supporting multiple failure recovery techniques in Grid applications to achieve high performance in the presence of failures.     

Mapping computer-vision-related tasks onto reconfigurableparallel-processing systems

A tutorial overview of how selected computer-vision-related algorithms can be mapped onto reconfigurable parallel-processing systems is presented. The reconfigurable parallel-processing system assumed for the discussions is a multiprocessor system capable of mixed-mode parallelism; that is, it can operate in either the SIMD or MIMD modes of parallelism and can dynamically switch between modes at instruction-level granularity with generally negligible overhead. In addition, it can be partitioned into independent or communicating submachines, each having the same characteristics as the original machine. Furthermore, this reconfigurable system model uses a flexible multistage cube interconnection network, which allows the connection patterns among the processors to be varied. It is demonstrated how reconfigurability can be used by reviewing and examining five computer-vision-related algorithms, each one emphasizing a different aspect of reconfigurability     

可编程路由器技术研究

可编程路由器是一种能从功能上分解成若干组件与接口,并能通过配置和与编程,实现灵活而动态地部署新服务、新协议和减轻网络管理负担的路由设备.本文调研了可编程路由器相关研究工作;讨论了可编程路由器与传统路由器、可扩展路由器、主动网络节点、可重构路由器的区别;重点说明了可编程路由器的架构及其数据路径的可编程性;同时也对可编程路由器的平台重构、网络管理及创新应用等方面进行了考察,最后对工作进行了总结并讨论了未来可能的研究方向.     

基于分簇的无线传感器网络节能路由算法

针对传感器网络能量有限的特点,提出一种基于分簇的节能路由算法—CESR算法,算法采用逐步求解的方式,将整个网络分成若干个交叠簇,整个网络有簇间和簇内两级拓扑。节点在选择路由时先根据簇间拓扑选择簇路由,当数据经过某个簇进行转发时,边界节点根据簇内拓扑产生簇内路由,算法尽量选择消耗能量值最小的路径转发数据,并且能够避免低能量节点,算法存储开销和控制消息相对较少。