小湾水电站金属结构设备系统研究

小湾水电站金属结构设备的基本特点具有：闸门及启闭机设备形式广，闸门孔口尺寸、承压水头、操作水头、启闭机容量大；闸门及门槽的制造安装精度要求高；闸门及启闭机设备单件质量大，设备现场的吊装难度大；电站引水发电、泄洪系统永久金属结构设备布置点多、面广较为分散，运行维护不方便。为此采用系统工程方法。对在设计、制造、安装、吊装运输和运行各环节中的基本要求(目标)进行了分析估计，对其金属结构设备的特点进行了研究。     

关于设计溢洪道孔口和选择闸门类型的几个问题

設計溢洪道孔口和选擇閘門类型,应当按照下面三个主要步驟来进行。第一,确定孔口的最优高度。第二,确定孔口的最优寬度。第三,最后确定最优閘門几何尺寸和梁系佈置。茲將上述三个主要步驟分述如下: 一、溢洪道孔口最优高度的确定溢洪道孔口高度的决定对整个溢洪道的造价影响是很大的。溢洪道孔口高度愈大,单寬流量就愈大,于是溢洪道長度縮短,护坦和海漫就必須     

浑水异重流孔口出流泄沙规律

对垂直壁孔口和底孔出流的室内试验资料,以及三门峡水库、官厅水库的现场异重流孔口泄沙资料进行分析,得到出流含沙量与孔口高度和泄出层厚度的经验关系曲线。此关系曲线可用于估算在一定条件(孔口流量、异重流含沙量、孔口高度)下的出口含沙量。最后分析了孔口距底高度对浑水异重流孔口出流的影响,提出设计多沙河流上水库浑水异重流孔口泄沙的孔口位置时应注意的要点。     

孔口封闭帷幕灌浆在小浪底工程中的应用

小浪底帷幕灌浆采用孔口封闭工艺施工，在施工中通过对孔口封闭器的改进，很好地解决了“固管”问题，同时在孔口封闭灌浆中使用了先进的设备和嫁接应用GIN灌浆新技术，保证了工程质量。     

异重流孔口出流极限吸出高度分析

通过对60年来盐水异重流孔口出流的试验和理论分析成果的综述与分析,讨论了孔口前异重流泄出层厚度参数的定义,论述了极限吸出高度与泄出层厚度的研究成果,以及孔口出流浓度与孔口出流参数的关系。提出了一个极限吸出高度的无量纲数。分析已有的试验成果发现,大部分二元和三元孔口出流试验的极限吸出高度参数接近某一定值。故在已知异重流浓度和出流流量时,即可估计出孔口出流极限吸出高度和泄出层厚度等值。     

小湾水电站金属结构设计的几个主要技术问题

小湾水电站具有泄洪量大，水头高，孔口大等特点，金属结构技术参数属世界水平，给闸门的设计、制造、水力学以及启闭机的设计与选型等带来一系列的问题．本文就闸门的止水、选型、滑道、油机等难题进行了论述，提出了解决的方法．     

三峡电站进水口型式设计与研究

三峡电站进水口型式的选择，曾比较了单孔口和双孔口，小孔口和大孔口，水平孔口和倾斜孔口等型式，从水力学条件等方面对进水口型式进行了分析论证，并通过水工模型试验验证，为三峡电站采用单小孔口的进水口型提供了可靠的依据。     

高窄大孔口多分瓣式主纵梁潜孔弧门技术探讨

针对高窄大孔口主纵梁潜孔弧门门叶采用传统的纵向对称分两瓣结构存在运输外形尺寸及重量超限问题,依托四川省大渡河枕头坝一级水电站泄洪闸8×16-39 m潜孔弧门开展了相关的技术研究。提出了一种纵向多分瓣(≥3)的制造、运输,在工地通过螺栓及焊接组合拼装成整体的主纵梁潜孔弧门技术,并对该类型闸门的启闭设备选型及布置开展研究,提出了一些应用于大孔口潜孔弧门的双缸后拉式液压机的布置思路及方法。     

高喷灌浆机具工艺改进在工程中的应用

高压喷射灌浆是８０年代引进的一项地基处理新技术。在使用成套施工设备过程中，发现该设备有较大局限性。根据高喷灌浆原理，对高喷设备中的关键机具－三重管和孔口装置进行了重新设计制造，同时对施工工艺进行了改进，并在武都引进工程二期围堰及右岸拦河闸基础、马回电路围堰及溢流坝基础等多项工程中应用，取得了良好的效果，保证了工程质量，具有推广应用价值。     

三峡工程泄洪消能设计研究

三峡水利枢纽泄洪流量大，孔口数量多，泄洪消能问题是设计研究的重点，这里介绍了三峡工程的泄洪消能布置，以及主要泄洪设备表孔，深孔和底孔的体型设计。     

前柱和后柱对并列双柱脉动压力的干扰

本文研究了在并列双圆柱的正前方或正后加上一个等直径的圆柱，组成等边三角形排列的三圆柱的脉动压力分布，着重研究前柱或后柱对并列双圆柱脉动压力分布的影响，同时还在相同的试验条件下，进行了并列圆柱和三圆柱脉动压的比较。结果表明，并列双圆柱前方或后主库上第三个圆柱形成的等边三角形排列的三圆柱，受影响严重的是后排圆柱，脉动压力分布出现了严重的不对称，内侧的压力脉动极其强烈，外侧的压力脉动很弱，与时均压力分布     

特征线算子分裂有限元的圆柱绕流大涡模拟

为研究圆柱绕流流场特性,将大涡模拟与特征线算子分裂有限元相结合,建立了大涡模拟特征线算子分裂有限元模型,对单圆柱和串列双圆柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟,所得结果与现有研究结果吻合较好。模拟结果表明:对单圆柱绕流,随着雷诺数的增大,圆柱近尾流区上下交替的涡旋逐渐靠近通过圆柱几何中心的水平线,且涡脱落位置逐渐靠近圆柱。对Re=1 000的串列双圆柱绕流,临界间距在圆柱直径的2.25~2.5倍之间;当两圆柱间距小于临界间距时,上游圆柱后方无明显涡旋脱落,间隙处压力较稳定;大于临界间距时,有涡旋脱落,上游圆柱尾流区上下表面交替出现强负压区。     

RANS simulations of the U and V grooves effect in the subcritical flow over four rotated circular cylinders

This paper presents a CFD study about the effect of the V and U grooves in the flow over four cylinders in diamond shape configuration at subcritical flow conditions(Re= 41 000). The k- ? Realizable turbulence model was implemented to fully structured hexahedral grids with near-wall refinements. Results showed that the numerical model was able to reproduce the impinging flow pattern and the repulsive forces present in the lateral cylinders of the smooth cylinder array. As a consequence of the flow alignment induced by the grooves, a jet-flow is formed between the lateral cylinders, which could cause an important vortex induced vibration effect especially in the rear cylinder. The magnitudes of the shear stresses at the valleys and peaks for the V grooved cylinders were lower than those of the U grooved cylinders, but the separation points were delayed due the U grooves presence. It is discussed the presence of a blowing effect caused by counter-rotating eddies located near the grooves peaks that cause a decrease of the shear stresses in the valleys, and promote them at the peaks.     

Flow characteristics of the two tandem wavy cylinders and drag reduction phenomenon

This paper presents an extensive numerical study of 3-D laminar flow around two wavy cylinders in the tandem arrangement for spacing ratios (L/Dm ) ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 at a low Reynolds number of 1...     

纤维增强聚合物条带约束混凝土圆柱的耐久性

通过碳化、盐溶液干湿循环下碳纤维增强聚合物布(CFRP)和玻璃纤维布(GFRP)条带约束混凝土圆柱耐久性试验,对比分析了环境作用、纤维布类型、粘着剂类型(胶Ⅰ和胶Ⅱ)对混凝土圆柱轴压性能的影响.结果表明,无论是否受环境作用,纤维增强聚合物约束圆柱的轴向应力-应变关系基本呈双线性,其强度与延性都比无约束混凝土圆柱有一定提高.碳化环境对CFRP和GFRP约束圆柱基本没有影响,盐溶液干湿循环作用后FRP条带约束混凝土柱的强度、刚度和延性降低.CFRP约束柱比CFRP约束柱耐干湿循环性能好.此外,胶的种类对耐久性也有一定影响.     

高雷诺数下双圆柱绕流的数值模拟

本文使用表面涡法研究高雷诺数下不同排列方式双圆柱绕流的流动状态，计算了双圆柱在并列、串列及级列的情况下的各种流动结构，涡街的变化及作用在圆柱上的受力情况。本文结果清楚地描述了双圆柱绕流复杂的流动状况，计算结果与实验显示的流动状况十分相似，斯特罗哈数和阻力系数与实验结果符合得很好。     

A 3-D numerical study of solitary wave interaction with vertical cylinders using a parallelised particle-in-cell solver

This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the interaction between solitary waves and vertical circular cylinders. This is achieved via process based numerical modelling using the parallel particle-in-cell based incompressible flow solver PICIN. The numerical model solves the Navier-Stokes equations for free-surface flows and incorporates a Cartesian cut cell method for fluid-structure interaction. Solitary waves are generated using a piston-type wave paddle. The PICIN model is first validated using a test case that involves solitary wave scattering by a single vertical cylinder. Comparisons between the present results and experimental data show good agreement for the free surface elevations around the cylinder and the horizontal wave force on the cylinder. The model is then employed to investigate solitary wave interaction with a group of eleven vertical cylinders. The wave run-up and wave forces on the cylinders are discussed.     

OSCILLATION AMPLITUDE OF THE FREE END OF A FLEXIBLY MOUNTED RIGID CYLINDER IN TRIANGLE ARRANGEMENT

In this paper,the oscillation amplitude of the free end of a group of threecylinders are studied.The three cylinders are erected at the vertices of an equilateral trian-gle,and three arrangements are made in this study.One of the three cylinders is served asa working cylinder which is mounted by a flexible cantilever and two accelerometers areattached on the free end in two directions.The results of the three-cylinder arrangementare compared with those of two cylinders in tandem/side-by-side arrangement in the samecondition.The experimental results show that the rear cylinder of a group of three cylin-ders is affected more seriously than that of the corresponding two cylinders in the contrastarrangement.The main direction of oscillation is changed.The transversal oscillation isstronger than the longitudinal oscillation in the three-cylinder arrangement.On the con-trary,the transversal oscillation is much weaker than the longitudinal oscillation in two-cylinder arrangement.The largest transversal oscillat     

Vortex Induced Vibrations of Finned Cylinders

This article presents the results of a numerical simulation on the vortex induced vibration of various fumed cylinders at low Reynolds number. The non-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and continuity equation were adopted to simulate the fluid around the cylinder. The cylinder （with or without fins） in fluid flow was approximated as a mass-spring system. The fluid-body interaction of the cylinder with fins and uniform flow was numerically simulated by applying the displacement and stress iterative computation on the fluid-body interfaces. Both vortex structures and response amplitudes of cylinders with various arrangements of fins were analyzed and discussed. The remarkable decrease of response amplitude for the additions of Triangle60 fins and Quadrangle45 fins was found to be comparable with that of bare cylinder. However, the additions of Triangle00 fins and Quadrangle00 fins enhance the response amplitude greatly. Despite the assumption of two-dimensional laminar flow, the present study can give a good insight into the phenomena of cylinders with various arrangements of fins.     

WAKE SHIELDING EFFECTS OF THREE CYLINDERS IN CURRENTS

A large amount of experimental work has been carried out in the past to understand mean and fluctuating forces on a single circular cylinder in cross flows. In comparison substantially less work can be found on the interference between multiple cylinders and the number of publications available becomes drastically smaller as the number of cylinders involved increases. The current experimental work systematically examines the wake shielding effects of three cylinders in a towing tank. Though staggered, the three cylinders are arranged mainly along the flow direction with the downstream cylinders situating in the wakes of the upstream cylinders.The tests are mainly carried out in the sub-critical Reynolds number regime with the upper end close to the critical Reynolds number regime. Significant drag reduction on downstream cylinders is identified.