GFRP筋混凝土桥面板剪切承载力理论算法研究

采用玻璃纤维复合筋(GFRP Bar)材代替钢筋能够有效解决传统钢筋混凝土桥面结构由于钢筋锈蚀所引起的结构功能退化问题。过去试验研究表明在FRP筋混凝土桥面承受集中荷载作用下,冲切破坏模式是一种常见的破坏模式。本次研究采用现有规范及已经发表抗冲切承载力计算模型对多组混凝土桥面板试验结果进行冲切承载力预测。通过与试验结果对比发现,由于大多数理论模型是基于简支构件试验结果建立的经验公式,其无法准确计算FRP筋混凝土桥面结构的冲切承载力。笔者前期建立的GFRP筋混凝土桥面板承载力理论方法考虑了拱效应的作用,计算结果与试验结果有较好的吻合。理论分析中发现,由于较高配筋率和较小跨高比,大部分GFRP筋混凝土桥面板发生剪切破坏而非弯切破坏。因此本文建立了简化的GFRP筋混凝土板剪切承载力计算方法,该模型计算结果与多个试验结果吻合良好。     

玻璃钢/钢复合结构带式舟桥方舟的制作工艺

根据玻璃钢和钢材这两种材料的优点及现行带式舟桥的结构特点,论述了采用玻璃钢/钢复合结构研制新型带式舟桥的构想。以带式舟桥方舟模型的制作为例,提出了实现上述构想的工艺设计方案,并详细阐述了以手糊成型为主的制作工艺。研究结果表明,玻璃钢/钢复合结构带式舟桥的制作工艺方便、可行,经试验验证,结果可靠,对促进玻璃钢在舟桥器材中的应用具有指导意义。     

FRP管材轴心受压构件的稳定性能

本文以500kV FRP抢修杆塔真型试验为依托,对几种不同规格及不同长细比的FRP圆管型截面构件进行轴心受压试验。轴心受压构件的稳定承载力是影响FRP构件承载力的关键,通过对玻璃钢受压构件稳定性的试验研究,得到了构件的极限稳定承载力,研究了构件的变形特征、破坏形态及稳定系数;并将试验所得的稳定系数与国内外稳定系数的计算结果对比,得出了适于FRP管材轴心压杆设计的稳定系数公式。     

高温(火灾)下FRP筋混凝土构件力学性能研究进展

钢筋锈蚀是导致钢筋混凝土结构耐久性降低的重要原因。FRP筋具有轻质、高强和耐腐蚀等优异特性,因而有望成为传统钢筋的补充材料。FRP筋混凝土构件在服役过程中会受到高温(火灾)环境的威胁,因而FRP筋及FRP筋混凝土构件在高温(火灾)作用下的力学性能是其应用于实际工程时所面临的重要课题。综述了国内外FRP筋及FRP筋混凝土构件高温力学性能的研究成果,包括FRP筋的高温力学性能、高温对FRP筋-混凝土粘结强度的影响及FRP筋混凝土构件抗火设计方法,并对相关文献的试验数据与理论成果进行了分析和总结,指出了未来需进一步研究的方向。     

FRP筋混凝土结构的研究现状分析

近年来,国内外就FRP筋自身的力学特性以及FRP筋混凝土结构的力学性能开展了大量研究。FRP筋耐久性能、FRP筋与混凝土的粘结机理、FRP筋混凝土梁和柱的受力性能、FRP筋混凝土柱和框架的抗震性能是目前研究的主要方向。现有研究表明:大部分受弯构件中使用FRP筋作为纵向受拉筋能充分发挥其抗拉性能,但结构易发生脆性破坏,现有规范的计算方法不适用于该类构件的计算;FRP筋替代钢筋作为柱中主要受力筋会导致抗压强度和延性不如普通钢筋混凝土柱;纤维改性混凝土能够显著提高FRP筋混凝土构件的延性,FRP筋和钢筋的混合配筋柱的抗震性能要明显优于FRP筋柱。下一步研究中,应建立可靠的FRP材料及构件的耐久性测试和评估方法;改善FRP筋与混凝土,尤其是改性混凝土之间的粘结性能;完善现行规范中FRP筋承载力计算方法;建立FRP筋构件抗震设计体系。     

玻璃钢/钢材复合结构带式舟桥方舟的研制

结合带式舟桥的结构特点，论述了采用玻璃钢/钢材复合结构带式舟桥方舟的必要性，简要介绍了其方舟的制作工艺，并进行了方舟模型的试验研究。结果表明，玻璃钢/钢材复合结构的方案是可行的。     

FRP与混凝土界面粘结性能的试验研究

纤维(FRP)与混凝土的粘结性能是外贴纤维增强聚合物加固钢筋混凝土结构技术的关键问题。采用修正梁模型,对9个外贴FRP条带加固混凝土受弯构件的粘结性能进行了试验研究。分析了FRP应变、局部粘结剪应力发展规律以及沿粘结长度在各级荷载下的分布规律。考察了混凝土强度和FRP粘结长度对粘结强度等粘结性能的影响。验证了FRP有效粘结长度,探讨了有效粘结长度的影响因素,计算得到了局部粘结剪应力滑移关系曲线。通过对试验结果的统计回归分析,提出了局部粘结剪应力滑移本构关系模型以及有效粘结长度计算公式,分析结果与试验结果都吻合较好,可供实际加固改造工程应用及完善相应规范的编制参考。     

FRP-混凝土-钢双壁空心构件及其在桥梁结构中的应用前景

FRP-混凝土-钢双壁空心构件(DSTM)是一种新型组合构件,由外部FRP管、内部钢管以及两者之间填充的混凝土三部分组成,三种材料的协同互补和共同工作使该组合柱具有许多优于现有组合构件的力学性能。该种新型构件中,外FRP管和内钢管可以同心放置以用作受压构件,也可以偏心放置以用作受弯构件。本文阐述了该种新型组合构件截面形式的合理性及优点,总结了针对其力学性能和设计方法的现有研究,并探讨了其在桥梁工程中应用的潜力。     

复合材料管-钢管约束混凝土组合柱的轴压性能

通过纤维增强复合材料(FRP)管-钢管约束混凝土组合柱的轴压试验,分析组合柱的受力特点、破坏形态、本构关系和承载力。结果表明:在荷载作用初期,FRP管的约束作用较小;在荷载作用后期,FRP管的环向应力增长较快,故以FRP管的环向断裂作为承载力极限状态指标。将现有理论计算模型与试验所得受约束混凝土的应力-应变关系进行对比,发现空心构件极限应变的理论计算误差较大,而实心构件吻合较好。最后提出了一种可用于确定实心组合柱极限承载力的简化计算方法,理论计算结果与试验值符合较好。     

纤维增强塑料/钢筋混凝土复合结构数值分析的非经典理论单元

基于等效非经典理论,本文给出了FRP/RC构件的抗弯刚度、抗剪刚度计算公式,对FRP/RC复合结构建立了两种非经典理论单元,并对一个比较典型的框架进行了分析,研究了FRⅣRC复合结构的基本性能,论证了FRP/RC复合结构数值分析应该采用等效非经典理论.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。