Effect of chromium on the corrosion behavior of iron aluminides in thiosulfate-chloride solution

Aqueous corrosion characteristics of iron aluminides in thiosulfate-chloride solution were studied as a function of chromium addition. Four kinds of iron aluminides, namely, FA-61, FA-77, FA-72 and FA-78, were prepared by arc melting followed by thermomechanical treatment. The corrosion behavior in thiosulfate-chloride solution for the prepared alloys were investigated by electrochemical tests (potentiodynamic test, potentiostatic test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement) and surface analyses. The results of the potentiodynamic test indicated that the breakdown potential increased with increasing Cr content. Cr additions were found to prevent passive film from undergoing pitting corrosion. In EIS measurement, the depression angle was inversely related to pitting resistance, and decreased with increasing chromium content. The SEM observations of the sample surfaces reveal the different forms of pit as a function of chromium content. The AES results give evidence that the thiosulfate ions are reduced on the metallic surface, which inhibits the repassivation process.     

火电厂循环冷却水对铜合金的点蚀

以北方某电厂循环冷却水为例,用电化学方法研究了Cl-、SO2-4、S2-和pH值等因素对HSn701-B铜合金管材点蚀的影响.极化曲线表明:在该电厂冷却水水质条件下,该管材的点蚀电位随水样中Cl-浓度的增大而下降,腐蚀电位也随之下降,但钝化电流变化不大,点蚀电位与Cl-浓度关系的表达式为:Eb=61.19-14.83lg[Cl-];少量SO2-4的加入对铜管的腐蚀有阻碍作用,当溶液中[HCO-3]/[SO2-4]<0.47时,又有促进作用;S2-的加入使铜管的点蚀电位负移、钝化电流增大;pH值的降低会使管材的点蚀电位负移.     

酸性溶液中Cl-含量和温度对PH13-8Mo腐蚀行为的影响

为了解决在深海油气钻采中出现的酸性环境中对钻采设备的腐蚀问题,结合海洋中油气田的实际环境,在pH值为3的Na2SO4+H2SO4溶液中,采用电化学极化曲线、循环极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)结合静态浸泡实验,分别研究了Cl-质量分数(1%、3.5%和7%)和溶液温度(4、25、50和80℃)对马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢PH13-8Mo电化学腐蚀行为的影响,并采用点缺陷PDM模型结合闭塞电池理论对其腐蚀机理进行了分析.结果表明,随着溶液中Cl-浓度的升高,PH13-8Mo极化曲线中二次钝化的特性消失.溶液中Cl-浓度和温度的升高均使得PH13-8Mo的点蚀电位降低、点蚀保护电位降低,抗点蚀能力下降,腐蚀电流密度增大,钝化电位区间缩短,电荷转移电阻呈指数关系下降,样品表面腐蚀形貌由点蚀发展为全面腐蚀.     

Interaction of Mechanical and Electrochemical Factors duringCorrosion Fatigue of Fe-26Cr-1Mo Stainless Steel in 1M H_2SO_4 Solution

The cyclic plastic straining electrode technique has been used to investigate the transient electrochemical behaviour of Fe-26Cr1Mo stainless steel in 1M H2SO4 solution at a passive potential.The influence of plastic strain amplitude and plastic strain rate on the dissolution current response was analysed. The experimental results showed that the transient current was dependent on the competitive process of the surface film rupture and repassivation of the new surface. The high plastic strain amplitude and the high plastic strain rate caused a change of electrochemical activity of specimen surface. In the condition of low strain amplitude and strain rate, the characteristics of current response was mainly relative tp the process of new surface repassivation.The competition kinetics has been analysed through the comparison of plastic strain rate and repassivating rate     

高氮奥氏体不锈钢耐点蚀性能研究

目前产于高氮不锈钢的研究多集中于理论基础、制造工艺和力学性能等方面,有关耐蚀性方面的研究有限。通过循环极化、Mott-Schottky曲线以及电化学阻抗(EIS)等方法,研究了Cr23Mo1N奥氏体不锈钢(高氮钢,HNSS)和316L不锈钢在Cl-溶液中的耐点蚀性能。结果表明:与316L不锈钢相比,高氮钢具有更正的自腐蚀电位,更小的维钝电流密度。阻抗谱表明高氮钢的钝化膜比316L更加稳定,且电荷转移电阻更大。Mott-Schottky曲线表明高氮钢的点缺陷施主浓度比316L不锈钢低一个数量级,钝化膜的绝缘性更好。循环极化曲线表明高氮钢的点蚀敏感性更小,钝化膜的自修复能力更强,耐蚀性能更加优越。     

模拟冷却水中304不锈钢的耐蚀性影响因素研究

用电化学方法研究了Cl^-、S^2-、NO3^-、温度以及某电厂水质稳定剂对304不锈钢耐蚀性的影响。极化曲线表明：在[Cl-]／[SO4^2-]约为0．56时，点蚀电位开始下降，并随着Cl-浓度的增大逐渐降低；S2-的加入使钝化电流显著增大；NO3-浓度增加使点蚀电位逐渐升高；溶液温度的提高使点蚀电位降低，钝化电流也有所增大，钝化膜的耐蚀性降低;实验表明采用的某厂水质稳定剂可引起304不锈钢点蚀电位的下降。Mott-Schottky图显示S2-浓度的增加使体现p-型半导体(氧化铬)性质的直线段发生较大变化，说明硫离子影响了铬氧化物的性质。     

含钼镍基焊缝金属在硝酸溶液中的腐蚀行为

研究了三种不同Mo含量的镍基焊缝熔敷金属在强氧化性介质(65%硝酸溶液)中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,熔敷金属在硝酸溶液中浸泡后发生了晶间腐蚀、点蚀以及枝晶间腐蚀等局部腐蚀。由于Mo元素促进了大尺寸Laves相在熔敷金属枝晶间的析出,在Laves相与基体之间产生了较大的电化学差异,导致Laves相在氧化性介质中腐蚀溶解,增大了熔敷金属的点蚀敏感性。在620℃焊后的去应力退火过程中,在焊缝中发生元素再分配,Mo元素降低了枝晶间Ni、Cr元素的贫化。由于枝晶间Ni、Cr元素的贫化是引起熔敷金属枝晶间腐蚀的重要因素,Mo元素降低了焊缝熔敷金属在硝酸溶液中枝晶间腐蚀敏感性。     

Effects of Cl- and SO2-4 Ions on Corrosion Behavior of X70 Steel

Corrosion behaviors of X70 steel were studied by means of electrochemical experiments and morphology observation.First, through potentiodynamic polarization in solution of various Cl- ions concentration, it was found that Epit began to appear in solution of Cl- concentration above 0.1 mol/L, and there was a critical point of Cl- concentration between 0.05 mol/L and 0.1 mol/L, below which the extent of pitting and general corrosion were trivial, while in solution of Cl- concentration above 0.1 mol/L, general and pitting corrosion became greater as the increasing of Cl- concentration. All of them were confirmed by the SEM observations after anodic polarization. Second, via the potentiodynamic polarization curves of X70 steel in 0.5 mol/L Cl- solution with 0, 0.05, 0.5 and 1 mol/L SO42-ions, it was found SO42- ions were able to inhibit corrosion aroused from Cl- ions, accordingly a model was set up to describe the process. In addition, to further explore the inhibited effect of SO42- ions, EIS was used in solutions of different Cl- and SO42- concentrations, the results revealed that the e(ectrochemical resistance has a relation with the [SO42-]/[Cl-], that was, the bigger the value of [SO42-]/[Cl-], the greater the electrochemical resistance.     

基于点蚀的316L不锈钢在酸性气田环境中的适应性评价

国内外酸性气田的开发使腐蚀环境越来越苛刻,为满足气液混输的工艺要求,发展了耐蚀合金/碳钢的双金属复合管技术。316L不锈钢被广泛用于双金属管的内衬,在含H_2S和CO_2环境中腐蚀速率很低,然而在高含Cl-的溶液中,316L不锈钢容易出现点蚀而诱发集输管线失效,为此,就316L不锈钢在酸性气田集输环境中的点蚀进行评述。讨论了影响316L不锈钢点蚀的材质因素,Mn和Fe的硫化物及Mg、Al、Ca的氧化物等两种夹杂物均能促进钝化膜的溶解而引起点蚀;分析了316L不锈钢点蚀的H_2S、CO_2、温度、Cl-浓度和pH值等环境的适应性条件,发现H_2S环境比CO_2环境更容易发生点蚀,H_2S和CO_2对点蚀发生存在协同机制,温度升高、Cl-浓度增加和酸性介质均会增加316L不锈钢点蚀的敏感性。为进一步优化选材原则,需重点加强环境因素的协同机制、环境适应性的边界条件、点蚀发展的动力学以及新的标准研究。     

Microstructure and electrochemical behavior of laser treated Fe---Cr and Fe---Cr---Si---N surface alloyed layers on carbon steel

Laser surface alloyed Fe---Cr and Fe---Cr---Si---N layers on carbon steel were produced by laser irradiation involving preplaced Fe/Cr and Fe/Cr/Si₃N₄ powders, respectively. The effects of Cr content (13–25 wt.%) and microstructure on the corrosion behavior of the laser treated Fe---Cr and Fe---Cr---Si---N alloys in deaerated neutral 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were studied. Potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the surface layers. The results showed that the Fe---Cr---Si---N treated layer with a fine duplex phase microstructure had a higher pitting potential than the Fe---Cr treated layers. The passive film resistances increased and the passive current density decreased with increasing Cr content in the Fe---Cr layer.     

Synergistic effect of chloride ion and Shewanella algae accelerates the corrosion of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The increasing utilization of titanium alloys in marine environments makes their microbiologically influenced corrosion study a timely matter.This work demonstrated that the corrosion of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was accelerated by a marine bacterium Shewanella algae in 2216E medium with different Cl level.Various electrochemical,pitting morphology and passive film analyses demonstrated that S.algae weakened the passive film,which made Cl-more aggressive.The synergy of those two factors caused considerable corrosion acceleration of the titanium alloy,leading to a maximum pit depth of 3.2 μm and corrosion current density of 26.5 nA cm-2 in 2216E medium with 3.50 ％ (w/w) Cl-.     

激光熔覆CoCrFeMnNiMox高熵合金的组织和耐蚀性研究

目的 为了增强钢制结构表面的耐蚀性,研究Mo含量对CoCrFeMnNiMox高熵合金组织与耐蚀性的影响。方法 采用激光熔覆的方式在N80钢上制备CoCrFeMnNiMox（x=0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5）高熵合金熔覆层,研究Mo含量变化对高熵合金组织、物相与耐蚀性的影响。结果 CoCrFeMnNiMox熔覆试样均由单一的FCC固溶体相组成,随着Mo含量的增加,晶格畸变增大;当Mo的摩尔比超过0.3后,晶粒有长大倾向;Mo的摩尔比为0.5时,表面择优生长晶面由（111）密排晶面转变为（200）非密排晶面。熔覆试样在氯化钠溶液和稀硫酸溶液中的耐蚀性相较N80钢提升明显,其中,CoCrMnFeNiMo0.3的耐蚀性最好,在质量分数为3.5%的氯化钠溶液中其自腐蚀电流密度是N80钢的5%,自腐蚀电位比N80钢提高了1倍;在0.5 mol/L硫酸溶液中,其自腐蚀电流密度是N80钢的31%,钝化区电流密度比N80钢降低了1个数量级。结论 在该高熵合金体系中,随着Mo含量的增加,晶格畸变增大。CoCrMnFeNiMox高熵合金熔覆层可以有效地阻止基体腐蚀的发生。Mo元素在溶液中能够形成MoO3附着在金属表面,从而形成稳定致密的保护层,减少点蚀的发生。CoCrMnFeNiMo0.3熔覆层的耐蚀性最好。     

超低碳含铜铸造不锈钢的组织与腐蚀行为

采用金相显微镜、Ｘ射线衍射、透射电镜、电子探针显微分析手段和多种腐蚀试验方法研究了超低碳含铜铸造不锈钢的析出相种类、成分、结构、形貌、分布及其腐蚀行为。结果表明，含Ｃｕ为２．０％的００Ｃｒ２０Ｎｉ２５Ｍｏ５钢经１１５０℃固溶处理可得到单相奥氏体组织，并具有优良的耐全面腐蚀、晶间腐蚀、点蚀和电化学腐蚀性能。     

X60管线钢在模拟原油沉积水中的电化学行为

为弄清各因素下,原油输送管道在原油沉积水中的腐蚀机理,通过动电位扫描法和电化学阻抗谱分别研究了X60管线钢在模拟原油沉积水中的电化学行为,研究了Cl~-、HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)等的浓度对X60管线钢电化学行为的影响。结果表明:在试验浓度内,Cl~-浓度为25 000 mg/L时腐蚀速率最大,极化电阻最小,随着Cl~-浓度的继续增大,自腐蚀电流有所降低;随着HCO_3~-浓度的增大,自腐蚀电流密度先增大后减小,当HCO_3~-浓度为6 000 mg/L时,自腐蚀电流密度最大;SO_4~(2-)浓度的增大促进了X60管线钢在沉积水中的腐蚀。     

Effect of dissolved oxygen on electrochemical corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel in hot concentrated seawater

The corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel was investigated in hot concentrated seawater with different dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration by electrochemical measurement techniques and surface analysis methods. DO obviously enhances the cathodic reaction process, the formation of passive film and polarization resistance. With increasing the DO concentration from 0.34 to 3.06 mg L^-1, the relative contents of Fe₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ and the Cr-enrichment gradually enlarge in the passive film. The higher DO concentrations result in lower defect densities and thicker of space charge layers in the passive films,whichmayeffectively inhibit the intrusion of aggressive chloride ions. The increment inDOconcentration clearly increases the pitting potential, but decreases the repassivation potential. It may weaken both the occurrence and repassviation tendencies of stable pitting corrosion.     

Electrochemical formation of highly pitting resistant passive films on a biomedical grade 316LVM stainless steel surface

The results discussed in the paper demonstrate that a significant improvement in pitting corrosion resistance of a biomedical grade 316LVM stainless steel can be achieved by electrochemically forming highly-protective passive oxide films on the material's surface, under cyclic potentiodynamic polarization conditions. The film formed in a sodium nitrate electrolyte is completely resistant to pitting corrosion in simulating physiological solutions even at high temperatures (60 °C), and after sterilization. The high pitting resistance of the electrochemically-formed films was explained on the basis of their semiconducting properties. Namely, the enrichment of the outer part of the electrochemically formed passive film with Cr(VI)-species results in a decrease in the density of oxygen vacancies, which act as pitting initiation sites, and their ‘replacement’ by metal vacancies formed by the electrochemical oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI). In this configuration, the outer Cr(VI)-rich oxide layer behaves as cation selective, which results in the increased pitting corrosion resistance of the film. The simple electrochemical passivation technique discussed in the paper can be efficiently used to form highly pitting resistant passive films on 316LVM-built medical implant devices of any geometry.     

AM355不锈钢在酸性溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

结合腐蚀形貌,通过极化曲线、交流阻抗谱(EIS)和莫特肖特基(MS)曲线的测定,分析了溶液pH值对AM355不锈钢腐蚀电化学行为的影响。结果表明:随溶液pH值的减小,腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流密度增大,致钝电位发生了正移,致钝电流密度、维钝电流密度增大。钝化膜由铬氧化物和铁氧化物组成,酸性增加使得铁氧化物施主浓度增大,钝化膜表面吸附氢离子电荷密度增加。钝化膜的厚度及其电阻随pH值的减小而减小,钝化膜更容易被破坏,酸性达到一定程度,钝化膜局部区域优先腐蚀。溶液pH值减小,AM355在溶液中保持自钝化性能降低,材料的腐蚀速率增加。     

Electrochemical properties of 316L stainless steel with culturing L929 fibroblasts.

Potentiodynamic polarization and impedance tests were carried out on 316L stainless steel with culturing murine fibroblast L929 cells to elucidate the corrosion behaviour of 316L steel with L929 cells and to understand the electrochemical interface between 316L steel and cells, respectively. Potential step test was carried out on 316L steel with type I collagen coating and culturing L929 cells to compare the effects of collagen and L929 cells. The open-circuit potential of 316L steel slightly shifted in a negative manner and passive current density increased with cells, indicating a decrease in the protective ability of passive oxide film. The pitting potential decreased with cells, indicating a decrease in the pitting corrosion resistance. In addition, a decrease in diffusivity at the interface was indicated from the decrease in the cathodic current density and the increase in the diffusion resistance parameter in the impedance test. The anodic peak current in the potential step test decreased with cells and collagen. Consequently, the corrosion resistance of 316L steel decreases with L929 cells. In addition, collagen coating would provide an environment for anodic reaction similar to that with culturing cells.