微粒污垢沉积率的理论分析与实验研究

建立了一个小规模实验装置,利用该装置研究了微粒粒径、表面涂层类型、悬浮液温度等因素对微粒污垢沉积率的影响,得到了非常独特的实验结果。悬浮液温度在50℃时,微粒污垢沉积率最大。基于污垢附着机制对这一实验结果进行分析,理论上证实了在某一悬浮液温度微粒污垢沉积率最大,并进一步推导出了微粒污垢沉积率最大时的悬浮液温度与换热面表面自由能之间的关系式。     

流场剪切力对微生物污垢影响的CFD模拟

再生水水质复杂,在再生水源热泵板式换热器中极易形成微生物污垢,严重影响换热性能和系统安全。在微生物污垢的研究中,微生物污垢所处流场与微生物污垢的受力和生长是密不可分的。利用CFD方法,借助FLUENT软件,对微生物污垢所处流场进行模拟,从改变流场和强化剪切力的角度出发,主要探究了在矩形流道的基础上,加入主动脉冲流、含有微刻痕、含有颗粒相的流场剪切力对微生物污垢生长的影响。模拟结果显示:方波形式的脉冲流以及微刻痕可以有效增加壁面剪切力,且脉冲周期越小、微刻痕尺寸越小,壁面剪切力增加越多;含有颗粒相的流场,随着颗粒粒径的增加,颗粒个体碰撞概率增加,单位质量碰撞概率减小。     

板式换热器颗粒污垢特性的实验研究

以纳米氧化镁颗粒溶液为实验工质,进行了板式换热器颗粒污垢特性的实验研究,分析了颗粒质量浓度、颗粒粒径、流速和低温介质温度对颗粒污垢热阻的影响.结果表明:板式换热器颗粒污垢无明显诱导期存在,结垢速率和污垢热阻渐进值均随颗粒质量浓度的增大而增大,且增大幅度逐渐减小;颗粒粒径对污垢热阻的影响较明显,在相同质量浓度下,颗粒粒径越小,结垢速率越快,且污垢热阻越大;流速对污垢热阻的影响较为复杂,高流速下的结垢速率略大于低流速下,且高流速下达到稳定时的污垢热阻渐进值小于低流速下;低温介质温度对颗粒污垢热阻的影响不明显.     

温度对纳米氧化镁颗粒污垢特性的影响

为了探讨温度对纳米氧化镁颗粒污垢结垢特性的影响,通过改变循环工质入口温度和水浴温度实验研究了温度对纳米颗粒污垢在交叉缩放椭圆管中的结垢特性,并通过静置沉降实验验证了入口温度对循环工质聚沉情况的影响。结果表明,循环工质入口温度和水浴温度对纳米颗粒污垢特性都有显著的影响。随着循环工质入口温度的升高,污垢热阻渐近值明显减小,并且污垢热阻达到渐近值的时间缩短。随着水浴温度的升高,污垢热阻渐近值也随之减小,但是达到渐近值的时间略有增加。     

不同工况下冲孔矩形翼涡流发生器的纳米氧化镁颗粒污垢特性

为了研究不同工况情况下冲孔矩形翼涡流发生器的纳米氧化镁颗粒的污垢特性,通过实验对比了冲孔矩形翼涡流发生器和未冲孔矩形翼涡流发生器的污垢特性,探讨了水浴温度、工质质量浓度及工质流速对颗粒污垢的影响。实验结果表明:相同工况下,冲孔矩形翼涡流发生器较未冲孔涡流发生器具有更优的抑垢效果;随着水浴温度的升高,污垢热阻渐近值增加,而且结垢速率也增大;污垢热阻渐近值随着工质质量浓度的增加而增大,结垢速率有略微提升;随着工质流速的增大,污垢热阻渐近值和结垢速率均降低。     

螺纹管中实际冷却水污垢和颗粒污垢的特性研究

对一根光管和一组合有7根不同螺纹高,不同螺纹角,不同螺纹数而内径全为15.54 mm的铜质内置螺纹管中的污垢特性进行了实验研究,通过对实际冷却水污垢和颗粒污垢的实验数据的比较和分析,解释了二者之间存在差异的主要原因,并得出:螺纹管与光管中冷却水实际运行污垢热阻的比值随着面积指数和效率指数乘积的增加成线性增加,但在两个区间内(p/e>5.0和p/e<5.0)线性函数表达式不同,实验中颗粒污垢比值仅在一个区问内随效率指数的增加成线性增加关系.     

浮点型涡流发生器CaSO_4析晶污垢沉积的模拟研究

采用污垢析晶污垢模型,对布置有浮点的涡流发生器的矩形通道进行了污垢沉积数值模拟。研究表明:单位面积污垢沉积量随着浮点尺寸的增大而减小,随着浮点排列间距的增加而增大。但当半径一定且浮点间距值小于两倍的浮点直径值时,间距变小不会减少污垢沉积量。将所得模拟结果与相关实验对比,验证了所采用模型的准确性。     

两种柱形涡流发生器CaSO_4析晶污垢特性实验研究

为得到涡流发生器污垢规律,采用质量浓度为2 100mg/L的硫酸钙过饱和溶液进行了传热过程中的污垢生成实验,并通过离线称重法得到了装有涡流发生器试片表面单位面积污垢沉积量生长曲线.结果表明：涡流发生器直径和排列间距对壁面污垢沉积量有显著影响.当涡流发生器直径（4mm）一定时,试片表面单位面积污垢沉积量均随着涡流发生器排列间距的增大而增加;在排列间距（10mm）一定时,污垢沉积量随着涡流发生器尺寸的增大而减少.     

热水器污垢实时监测及其节能潜力估算

热水器的实测结果表明了热水器的污垢不可忽视.水质和垢样分析结果则指出了垢的成因,为了消除垢的不良影响,建立了热水器污垢(热阻)实时监测模型用以监测污垢的积聚状态,并进而据以估算热水器污垢对策的潜在节能价值.     

影响换热面结垢诱导期的表面特性研究

换热面结垢是一个普遍存在的问题,而结垢诱导期的长短对污垢形成过程具有重要的影响,即使在相同实验条件下,不同材料换热面的结垢诱导期仍相差较大.因此本文通过对附着在换热面上的半球形污垢晶核进行受力分析,发现污垢晶核与换热面之间的附着力对其结垢诱导期长短起决定性作用,然后根据颗粒与平板间附着力模型,计算了污垢晶核与具有不同表面能的换热面间附着力,并与相应的结垢诱导期进行对比.结果表明:结垢诱导期的长短与换热面的表面能、污垢晶核与换热面间的附着力及表面粗糙度尺度有关.     

Influence of gas velocity on particulate fouling of exhaust gas recirculation coolers

The objective of this research is to study the influence of gas flow velocity on particulate fouling of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers. An experimental setup has been designed and constructed to simulate particulate fouling in EGR coolers in diesel engines. The setup consists of soot generator, gas/particle flow heater, testing section for EGR coolers and finally an exhaust system. Two sets of fouling experiments have been performed with and without water injection, and the gas velocity in each set has varied between 30, 70 and 120 m/s. The concentration of soot particles in the gas flow is 100 mg/m³, and the average diameter of the particles is 130 nm with a standard deviation of 55 nm. It has been found that the thermal resistance and thickness of the fouling layer and the fouling rate decrease as the gas velocity in the EGR cooler increases. If EGR coolers are operated with a gas velocity, which is just lower than the critical flow velocity for the largest particle in the flow, quick deterioration of the thermal performance of the heat exchanger will nevertheless occur. This strongly indicates that the gas velocity should exceed a certain critical flow velocity in order to prevent particulate fouling. In addition, the presence of water vapour in the gas flow improves the thermal performance of the cooler and decreases the fouling rate, and its influence decreases as the gas velocity increases.     

矩形通道中低肋涡流发生器抑垢效果分析研究

为了研究矩形通道内低肋涡流发生器抑垢效果特性,本文选用粒径为50 nm的MgO颗粒进行实验分析。通过安装低肋涡流发生器前后污垢热阻随时间的变化对比,改变低肋涡流发生器的高度、排列间距以及前后排列布置方式,对低肋涡流发生器的抑垢效果进行研究分析。实验结果表明:低肋涡流发生器以较小的压力损失作为代价,换取了较好的抑垢效果;低肋涡流发生器越高,抑垢效果越好;减小涡流发生器的间距,能够有效的抑制污垢沉积;前排列布置有更好的抑垢效果。     

Influence of sintering on the growth rate of particulate fouling layers

This article addresses the question; why the gas-side temperature affects the rate of particulate fouling of heat exchangers? An experiment was carried out in a gas-cooler of a full-scale biomass gasifier to investigate the influence of the gas-side temperature on the strength, structure and growth rate of particulate fouling layers. It is observed that the particulate fouling rate in the gas cooler decreases with sintering, which is a function of the gas-side temperature. Detailed impaction experiments are carried out to investigate the influence of sintering on the removal of particles from a particulate fouling layer due to an incident particle impact as well as the sticking of an incident particle to a particulate fouling layer. Sintering of a fouling layer lowers significantly the ability of an incident particle to stick to the fouling layer or to remove particles out of the layer. However, particles that are still able to deposit on the sintered fouling layer will not sinter immediately, and can be removed due to the incident particles impact. The removal of newly deposited particles on a fouling layer due to incident particles becomes easier as sintering of the fouling layer takes place. Accordingly, it may be stated that sintering reduces the fouling rate of heat exchangers by lowering the deposition of new particles and increasing the removal rate of newly deposited particles. This explains why the growth rate of particulate fouling layers decreases with the gas-side temperature.     

Effects of particle fouling and magnetic field on porous fin for improved cooling of consumer electronics

The combined effect of particulate fouling and magnetic field on the efficiency of a convective–radiative porous fin heatsink with temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity is presented. The developed thermal models are solved using differential transformation method. The effects of thermal conductivity, porosity, convection, radiation parameter, and thermal fouling number on the fin thermal efficiency are investigated. The presence of thermal fouling on the surface of the fin is shown to increase the temperature distribution. The presence of particle deposition on the fin surface significantly decreases the rate of heat transfer as additional thermal resistance of the fouling layer decreases the thermal performance of porous fin heatsink. Moreover, the fin efficiency decreases as the value of fouled Biot, Darcy, radiation number, and thermogeometric parameter increases. It is established that M_f < M_c, which indicates that the efficiency of the fouled fin is greater than the efficiency of the clean fin. Furthermore, the result of the present study is validated with the established results of Chebyshev spectral collocation method and fourth‐order Runge–Kutta with shooting method and an error margin of 0.000000023 is established.     

颗粒污垢诱导期影响因素的实验研究

本研究是在管外水浴温度50℃和相同管内工质入口温度的条件下,进行了弧线管及其对应光管在浓度、流速不同时的颗粒污垢诱导期对比性实验.结果表明,这几种因素都在不同程度上影响着污垢形成的诱导期.希望对以后换热设备的设计及运行能起到一定的指导作用.     

三维变形管管内积灰特性数值模拟研究

烟气中的高灰分、高黏度、高腐蚀性成分不可避免地造成换热器烟气侧换热面积灰结垢的问题,如何有效解决这些问题一直是烟气换热器研究的焦点之一.三维变形管内的螺旋流增强了管内流体的湍动程度从而实现强化传热,基于其内部灰尘受气流携带而处于湍动便不易沉积的特点,本文通过数值模拟的方法探讨了三维变形管几何参数、粒径、气体流速对灰尘颗...     

惰性粒子流化床蒸发器强化传热性能的研究

本文对惰性粒子流化床蒸发器的强化传热进行了研究，并对惰性粒子流化床蒸发器的防、除垢性能进行了探讨。     

Effect of Geometry and Flow Conditions on Particulate Fouling in Plate Heat Exchangers

This article describes particulate fouling experiments performed on small-scale and full-scale plate heat exchangers for three different corrugation angles (30 deg, 45 deg and 60 deg). The velocity effect has been studied as well as the particle type and concentration effects. The test duration ranges between 20 and 1,500 h in order to reach asymptotic behavior. The results clearly indicate that the corrugation angle has a major influence on the asymptotic fouling resistance. Increasing the corrugation angle leads to lower values for the fouling resistance. Furthermore, for a given corrugation angle, the asymptotic fouling resistance is inversely proportional to the velocity squared. Finally, the asymptotic fouling resistance is proportional to the particle concentration. Fouling mitigation can be obtained by taking into account at the design stage the heat exchanger geometry and fluid velocity.