New advances on optical components needed for FDM optical networks

Two critical components, needed for optical networks based on frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and frequency reuse technologies, are presented. One is a fast tunable laser, yielding 24 discrete frequencies regularly spaced by 40 GHz around 1.53 μm. The laser can be switched randomly in less than 8 ns among these frequencies. Frequency routing of a 3-Gb/s bit stream in 10-ns packets between ten different destinations has been demonstrated with this laser. The second component is a broadband wavelength shifter capable of switching multigigabit data between optical frequencies in the 1.5-μm region. The device is tunable and cascadable, provides conversion gain, and is nearly polarization insensitive. Data degradation after wavelength shifting is negligible. Such a device provides the means of reusing the limited set of frequencies given by the lasers and thus of realizing large size networks     

FSK with direct detection in optical multiple-access FDM networks

High-performance optical data networks of the future may interconnect hundreds of users at gigabit rates for a reasonable cost. A novel approach is described that utilizes a passive star coupler for distribution, a multiplicity of frequency-shift keyed (FSK) tunable lasers to provide a frequency division multiplexed (FDM) network, and a tunable optical fiber Fabry-Perot filter to select the channels and convert the FSK signal to ASK (amplitude-shift keying) for direct detection. The design of high-speed FDM-FSK direct detection networks and the performance of critical devices, such as tunable FM lasers, tunable filters, integrated star couplers, and optical amplifiers, are reviewed and discussed     

可调光分路器/耦合器的实现技术及其应用

介绍了可调光分路器/耦合器的实现技术及典型应用。通过具体实施方案论述了可变透射率/反射率膜片技术和可变光纤耦合长度技术等可以用来实现可调光分路或可调光耦合;讨论了可调光分路器/耦合器在光通信系统及器件制作中的应用。     

Mesh and multi-ring optical networks for long-haul applications

A first comparison among ring and meshed optical networks is carried out. A first comparison is carried out on the ground of the initial network cost searching for the most cost-effective solution when the network topology characteristics and the traffic change. Then the cost related to the need of routing more traffic in the network or to the need of connecting a new node is considered, so to search in the different situations for the solution that can be more easily upgraded     

Collision-minimizing CSMA and its applications to wireless sensor networks

Recent research in sensor networks, wireless location systems, and power-saving in ad hoc networks suggests that some applications' wireless traffic be modeled as an event-driven workload: a workload where many nodes send traffic at the time of an event, not all reports of the event are needed by higher level protocols and applications, and events occur infrequently relative to the time needed to deliver all required event reports. We identify several applications that motivate the event-driven workload and propose a protocol that is optimal for this workload. Our proposed protocol, named CSMA/p/sup */, is nonpersistent carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) with a carefully chosen nonuniform probability distribution p/sup */ that nodes use to randomly select contention slots. We show that CSMA/p/sup */ is optimal in the sense that p/sup */ is the unique probability distribution that minimizes collisions between contending stations. CSMA/p/sup */ has knowledge of N. We conclude with an exploration of how p/sup */ could be used to build a more practical medium access control protocol via a probability distribution with no knowledge of N that approximates p/sup */.     

大气光通信信道特性及相位补偿技术研究

大气湍流使光载波的强度和相位在空间和时间上都呈现随机起伏,从而极大地降低了激光通信系统的性能.基于大气湍流信道的特点,分析了各种湍流效应对大气激光通信系统性能的影响,介绍了自适应光学相位补偿技术在大气激光通信系统中的应用进展,特别指出基于随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法的自适应光学技术由于具有诸多优点,在未来的大气激光通信系统中可能有较为广阔的应用前景.     

Future optical fiber transmission technology and networks

The authors contend that optical system developments, which so far have followed a straightforward and logical path from direct link replacement to the proposed transwitching networks, will evolve towards passive (fiber-only) networks that could ultimately see the eradication of the central office. To explain this view of the future, they briefly trace optical system developments to the present day before citing the technology developments that have led them to the conclusion. They discuss present network and technology trends, focusing on the reduction of the amount of electronic hardware, the disappearance of bandwidth efficiency as an important factor, and the state of the optical network today. They then turn to the future network and technology, showing how the central office can be dispensed with by operating the network on a radio mode, with each terminal assigned a specific frequency     

虚拟制造技术及在EW系统设计与制造中的应用

虚拟制造技术是九十年代在国际上兴起的一种新的先进制造技术 ,对未来制造业和企业的发展都将会产生重大的影响。探讨虚拟制造的概念、分类和相关技术及在电子战设备制造中的应用 ,并给出电子战设备虚拟样机的实例     

100 Gb/s optical time-division multiplexed networks

We present ultrafast slotted optical time-division multiplexed networks as a viable means of implementing a highly capable next-generation all-optical packet-switched network. Such a network is capable of providing simple network management, the ability to support variable quality-of-service, self-routing of packets, scalability in the number of users, and the use of digital regeneration, buffering, and encryption. We review all-optical switch and Boolean logic gate implementations using an ultrafast nonlinear interferometers (UNIs) that are capable of stable, pattern-independent operation at speeds in excess of 100 Gb/s. We expand the capability provided by the UNI beyond switching and logic demonstrations to include system-level functions such as packet synchronization, address comparison, and rate conversion. We use these advanced all-optical signal processing capabilities to demonstrate a slotted OTDM multiaccess network testbed operating at 112.5 Gb/s line rates with inherent scalability in the number of users and system line rates. We also report on long-haul propagation of short optical pulses in fiber and all-optical 3R regeneration as a viable cost-effective means of extending the long-haul distance of our OTDM network to distances much greater than 100 km.     

Architecture and design of optical channel protected ring networks

In this paper, different optical ring architectures are considered and the optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) functional architecture is described. In addition, different aspects of ring network design and their impact on the network architecture are discussed     

MEMS technology for optical networking applications

The explosion of the Internet has brought about an acute need for broadband communications, which can only be filled with optical networking. This in turn has resulted in an unprecedented interest in optical micro-electromechanical systems. Since the early days of fiber optics, it has been recognized that micro-optics was a fertile ground for the applications of MEMS. MEMS-based products offer substantial cost and performance advantages for optical networking applications in the area of switching fabrics, variable attenuators, tunable lasers, and other devices. This article provides a review of various types of MEMS technologies for optical networking applications     

100G光网络分流技术(本期优秀论文)

随着电信网络100G接口在互联网的广泛应用,运营商进行业务流量分析时的难度加大,尤其是骨干网运营商的业务流量分析。于是,设计了一种100G数据分流技术,通过分流降低速度和并行处理提升性能,使现有的业务分析设备能在100G环境下继续工作。该分流技术可用于入侵检测、流量统计、内容审计和负载均衡等业务。     

A 100-channel optical FDM transmission/distribution at 622 Mb/sover 50 km

A 100-channel optical frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) transmission/distribution experiment at 622 Mb/s is demonstrated for a fiber length of 50 km. The feasibility of a polarization-insensitive waveguide frequency selection switch for 10-GHz intervals and a frequency-shift-keying (FSK) direct-detection scheme employing a Mach-Zehnder filter is verified. The demodulation circuit employs a Mach-Zehnder filter and a balanced receiver, which utilizes optical power more efficiently than the Fabry-Perot filter. No receiver sensitivity degradation is observed due to interchannel crosstalk of the 128-channel tunable waveguide frequency selection switch (FS-SW) or fiber four-wave mixing for transmissions over a 50-km-long nondispersion-shifted (NDS) fiber and a 26-km-long dispersion-shifted (DS) fiber     

Densely spaced FDM optical coherent system with near quantum-limited sensitivity and computer-controlled random access channel selection

An FDM coherent optical network consisting of six 200 Mbit/s-FSK channels spaced by 2.2 GHz, is reported. Receiver sensitivity of 74 photons/bit for a BER of 10/sup -9/ is obtained. The channels are randomly accessed by computer control. The system has the potential to provide a through-put of 2000 Gbit/s.<>     

高速光纤网络中的超短光脉冲产生技术

文章综述了高速光纤网络中的超短光脉冲产生技术及其进展,讨论了实现高效率脉冲压缩的途径,介绍了作者利用阶梯色散渐减光纤环镜代替色散渐减光纤环镜的光脉冲压缩方法的研究成果.数值计算表明,该方法的压缩效果与色散渐减光纤环镜的压缩效果基本一致,解决了色散渐减光纤制作和选择困难的问题,给系统设计带来了方便.     

隧道技术及其应用

隧道技术（Ｔｕｎｎｅｌｉｎｇ）是一种通过使用互联网络的基础设施在网络之间传递数据的方式。使用隧道传递的数据（或负载）可以是不同协议的数据帧或包。隧道协议将其它协议的数据帧或包重新封装然后通过隧道发送。新的帧头提供路由信息,以便通过互联网传递被封装的负载数据。 这里所说的隧道类似于点到点的连接。这种方式能够使来自许多信息源的网络业务在同一个基础设施中通过不同的隧道进行传输。隧道技术使用点对点通信协议代替了交换连接,通过路由网络来连接数据地址。隧道技术允许授权移动用户或已授权的用户在任何时间、任何地…     

OFDM-PON技术及其应用

OFDM-PON(正交频分复用无源光网络)是目前光接入网研究热点之一。文章简述了OFDM-PON技术的研究背景,阐明了OFDM-PON的技术原理、网络架构和关键技术,对基于OFDM-PON的业务及带宽调度进行了研究分析,并对OFDM-PON技术的应用前景进行了展望。研究表明,与传统的PON相比,OFDM-PON系统不仅传输带宽大幅度提升,而且可以实现基于子载波、调制格式和时间的三维业务及带宽调度。     

Passive optical local networks for telephony applications and beyond

A new digital telephone system is described using a passive optical network. Downstream transmission is broadcast and optical time-division, multiple-access (OTDMA) is used in the upstream path. The principle advantage of this approach is that exchange resources and fibres are shared between a large number of customers     

Parasitic insensitive toggle-switched capacitor and its applications to switched-capacitor networks

A new parasitic insensitive toggle-switched-capacitor scheme is presented along with its applications to the synthesis of switched-capacitor networks. The scheme can be used to obtain a recently reported5 first-order inverting bilinearly transformed transfer function. The advantage of this technique is that, for the realisation of a lowpass filter, it requires only three capacitors and no matching conditions.     

无线传播信道回放模型建模方法及应用

介绍了一种确定性无线信道建模方法——回放模型建模方法，该方法以实时高速的实际无线传播环境测量为基础，能精确复制无线环境的传播特征。首先给出回放模型的建模思路以及对无线信道测量方法和测量仪器的要求：然后重点介绍处理实际外场测量数据形成回放模型的主要步骤和方法，并给出一些典型无线环境的测量和数据处理结果；实际测量和应用例子表明回放模型相对统计模型能更加精确的描述典型无线环境的传播特征，从而在WCDMA等无线系统尤其是物理层系统设计和优化过程中发挥重要的作用。