TA10钛合金热加工图的建立及分析

采用Gleeble-1500D热/力模拟实验机,在变形温度为800~1050℃,应变速率为0.01~5 s~(-1)的条件下,对TA10钛合金做热压缩实验,并根据动态材料模型(DMM)建立不同应变下TA10钛合金的热加工图,分析应变对耗散效率因子、失稳参数和热加工图的影响。结果表明:随着应变的增加,峰值耗散效率因子和流变失稳区均呈现出规律性的变化,都出现了先减小后增大的现象,流变失稳区由小应变时的一个失稳区逐渐变为大应变时的两个失稳区;适用于TA10钛合金的热加工工艺参数范围是变形温度为950~1050℃、应变速率为0.01~0.8 s~(-1)。     

铸态C-276镍基高温合金的热变形行为及加工图

采用热压缩试验研究了铸态C-276镍基高温合金在950~1250℃和0.01~10 s~(-1)条件下的热变形行为。结果表明:该合金的热变形流变应力随着变形温度的增加及应变速率的降低而减小;当变形条件为1250℃、0.1 s~(-1)时,合金在热压缩过程中发生了动态应变时效。基于流变应力数据建立了合金的热变形本构方程;基于动态材料模型建立了合金在不同应变下的热加工图。通过加工图和微观组织观察优化了合金的热变形参数。合金的表观激活能为497k J/mol铸态C-276合金适宜的热加工区域为1050~1250℃和应变速率0.1~1.0 s~(-1)。     

锻态TB6钛合金的热变形行为和热加工图

采用Gleeble热模拟试验机,对锻态TB6钛合金在变形温度660~1050℃,应变速率0.001~0.1s-1的条件下进行等温恒应变速率压缩试验,研究了TB6钛合金的高温压缩变形行为。基于Prasad判据绘制了该合金的热加工图,结合变形微观显微组织分析,确定了该合金在(α+β)两相区至β相区的最佳工艺参数。结果表明:当应变速率0.01~0.1s-1,变形温度980℃时,其变形机制为动态回复,失稳现象不明显。最终确定了应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1,变形温度为815℃左右,为该合金的最佳热加工工艺参数。     

TA15钛合金热变形本构方程及热加工图

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对TA15钛合金进行了热压缩,获得了TA15钛合金在750~980℃、应变速率在0.001~1 s~(-1)的应力-应变曲线。基于TA15钛合金的压缩试验数据建立了高温热变形本构方程和热加工图,并结合热加工图分析了TA15钛合金热变形组织,确定了TA15钛合金的合理热加工参数范围。结果表明,TA15钛合金本构方程为双曲正弦函数,可由Z参数表示,其热变形激活能为523.374 k J/mol。TA15钛合金高温热变形最佳工艺参数为变形温度875~980℃和应变速率0.01~0.10 s~(-1)。     

Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si阻燃钛合金的动态再结晶行为（英文）

对Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si阻燃钛合金在温度为950~1100℃,应变速率为0.001~1 s~(-1)条件下进行热压缩试验,研究了该合金在β相区变形时的动态再结晶行为。结果表明,该合金的热变形机制主要是由动态再结晶支配的,而动态再结晶新晶粒主要是通过弓弯形核机制来形成的。当应变速率降低和变形温度升高时动态再结晶易于发生;当应变速率为0.01~0.1 s~(-1),变形温度为950~1050℃时,动态再结晶使晶粒细化;当变形温度高于1100℃,应变速率低于0.001 s~(-1)时,动态再结晶晶粒粗化。为了确定在不同变形条件下的动态再结晶体积分数和动态再结晶晶粒尺寸,分别建立了该合金动态再结晶动力学和动态再结晶晶粒尺寸预测模型。     

特大型支承辊用Cr4合金钢的热变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机在温度为700~1200℃,应变速率为0.002~5 s~(-1)、最大变形量为55%条件下对特大型支承辊Cr4合金钢进行热压缩试验,研究了该合金的热变形行为及热加工特征,建立了Cr4合金钢在试验条件下的热加工图。结果表明:在其他变形参数恒定时,Cr4合金钢的热变形真应力随应变速率的升高而逐渐变大,随变形温度的提高而急剧降低;在变形温度为750~900℃,应变速率为0.002~0.01 s~(-1),变形温度为750~800℃,应变速率为0.049~2.718 s~(-1)和变形温度为800~1050℃、应变速率为0.1~4.482 s~(-1)的3个区域内易产生流变失稳现象;动态再结晶是触发材料流变软化及稳态流变的主要原因,Cr4合金钢的安全热加工区域的变形温度在950~1150℃之间、应变速率在0.018~0.223 s~(-1)之间。     

新型Ni-Cr-Co-Mo合金热压缩变形行为

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机进行了高温压缩试验,研究了Ni-Cr-Co-Mo合金在变形温度950~1080℃、应变速率0.01~10 s~(-1)下的热变形行为。基于动态材料模型构建了合金热加工图。结果表明:合金在试验条件下具有正应变速率敏感性。合金的平均热变形激活能为566.758 kJ/mol。当应变为0.4时,合金的流变失稳区域较大,说明该合金在大应变时加工难度很大。在变形温度为1000℃时,随着应变速率降低,动态再结晶更加充分。合金最佳工艺参数为变形温度1000~1050℃、应变速率0.01~0.1 s~(-1)。     

TA19钛合金高温变形热加工图构建和微观组织演变

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟压缩试验机,在变形温度820～980℃和应变速率0.01～10 s~(-1)的变形条件下,对TA19钛合金进行热模拟压缩试验,并根据动态材料模型(DMM)建立了其热加工图。同时,结合TA19钛合金微观组织分析,揭示了热变形工艺参数影响热加工图的内在原因。结果表明:变形工艺参数与能量耗散率和非稳态区密切相关。应变速率为0.01～1 s~(-1)时,能量耗散率较大,且随着变形温度的升高,能量耗散率先增大后减小,在940℃附近获得最大值。同时,变形失稳区包括2个典型区域,其中I区为(820～900)℃/(0.01～1) s~(-1),II区为(960～980)℃/(1～10) s~(-1)。变形温度为940℃时,较多的等轴α相和较高的再结晶驱动温度使得再结晶程度加强,因此能量耗散率获得最大值。绝热剪切带、片层α相与等轴α相之间的变形不协调以及β晶粒的剧烈长大是TA19钛合金高温变形失稳的主要原因。     

TC4钛合金流动软化行为及本构模型研究

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机进行等温恒应变速率热压缩实验,研究了TC4钛合金在温度800~950℃、应变速率0.001~10 s~(-1)条件下的流动软化行为。研究发现随变形温度降低和应变速率增大TC4钛合金的流动软化程度增大,且800~850℃、应变速率1~10 s~(-1)变形时的流动软化主要是塑形流动失稳引起的,温度900~950℃、应变速率0.001~0.1 s~(-1)条件变形时,流动软化主要是片状α相的等轴化引起的。引入应变对材料常数α、n、A和Q的影响,建立了考虑应变的TC4钛合金Arrhenius本构方程,建立的本构模型精度较好,在800,850℃和10 s~(-1)条件以及在900,950℃和0.1 s~(-1)条件下,模型平均绝对误差分别为4.2%和4.3%。TC4钛合金的平均变形激活能为403 kJ/mol,平均应变速率敏感指数为0.26。     

TB9钛合金的热变形行为及加工图

通过在G1eeble-3800模拟机上热压缩试验研究了TB9钛合金在变形温度850~1050℃、应变速率0.01~10s~(-1)、变形程度70%的条件下的热变形行为。基于试验数据及Prasad判据建立了真应力-真应变曲线和加工图,通过其研究了该合金的高温变形行为、变形失稳现象和变形机制。结果表明:TB9钛合金的流变应力与变形速率成正比,与变形温度成反比:在试验条件下合金发生不连续屈服现象;功率耗散率较高的区域发生了不连续动态再结晶;流动失稳区为:850~1050℃和0.5~10s~(-1),850~950℃和0.08~0.5s~(-1),失稳现象表现为不均匀变形;适合加工的区域是1000~1050℃和0.01~0.1 s~(-1)围成的区域。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。