高阻尼镁合金Mg-0.6%Zr和Mg-Ni中内耗峰分析（英文）

在高阻尼镁合金研究中,发现了与合金室温下高阻尼性能有关的宽弛豫内耗峰,该峰为位错内耗峰;弛豫内耗峰是基面位错在热激活作用下运动与点缺陷(空位与溶质原子)相互作用产生的。同时在高阻尼合金Mg-Ni和Mg-0.6%Zr中发现了晶界内耗峰。有必要指出的是合金的显微组织会影响晶界弛豫:随着Ni质量分数增加,晶粒细化同时晶界内耗峰向低温处迁移;同Mg-0.6%Zr合金相比,加入少量的Y后,Mg-0.6%Zr-Y合金晶界弛豫峰向高温处推进。     

高阻尼镁合金温度相关内耗特征及溶质影响

利用动态机械分析仪(DMA)研究了高阻尼Mg-0.6%Zr及Mg-0.6%Zr-0.5%Y合金的温度相关内耗特征.研究发现Mg-0.6%Zr和Mg-0.6%Zr-0.5%Y 合金均具有两个温度内耗峰:一个分布在室温附近,这个内耗峰很宽,为叠加内耗峰;另一个分布在500～650 K,是一个晶界内耗峰.此外,研究表明添加固溶型合金元素Y后,对高阻尼Mg-0.6%Zr合金内耗有显著影响.     

准晶增强Mg-0.6%Zr合金的力学与阻尼性能

在Mg-0.6%Zr高阻尼合金中加入质量比为5的Zn与Y元素,通过普通铸造方法向其中引入Mg-Zn-Y系准晶进行强化,并在此基础上研究准晶增强Mg-0.6%Zr合金的力学和阻尼性能。结果表明:Mg-5xZn-xY-0.6%Zr合金中生成一定含量的I-Mg3YZn6准晶相,I相的生成能大幅度提高Mg-0.6%Zr合金的力学性能;常温下Mg-5xZn-xY-0.6%Zr合金的阻尼行为可由G L位错模型解释,高温下界面阻尼机制启动,合金的阻尼值急剧升高;I相等准晶颗粒对晶界有钉扎作用,导致高温下Mg-4.5%Zn-0.9%Y-0.6%Zr等合金的阻尼性能不如Mg-0.6%Zr合金的。     

粉末冶金法SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料的阻尼性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了两种不同成分的基体合金及S iC颗粒增强镁基复合材料。采用LMA-1型低频力学弛豫谱仪对基体合金及复合材料的阻尼性能随频率、振幅及温度的变化关系进行了研究。结果表明,Mg-1.01%Zn-0.86%Zr合金的阻尼性能优于Mg-2.51%Zn-0.63%Zr合金的;S iC颗粒的加入使S iCp/Mg-1.01%Zn-0.86%Zr基复合材料的阻尼性能有所提高;基体合金及复合材料的内耗值均随频率的增加先急剧降低,随后趋于平缓;低应变振幅下阻尼性能受应变振幅影响较小,但在较高应变振幅下阻尼随应变振幅的增加而急剧增大;在200℃~250℃及350℃~400℃的温度范围内均出现内耗峰。     

多孔铜的阻尼性能研究

运用空气加压渗流法制备了直径约1.0 mm、孔隙率高达60%的多孔铜样品,并利用多功能内耗仪对材料的阻尼行为进行了研究。结果表明,多孔铜的阻尼能力比致密铜的阻尼能力有了很大提高,同时在内耗-温度谱上发现有两个内耗峰,分别出现在280℃和400℃左右,激活能分别是1.69 eV和2.30 eV。TEM分析发现基体晶界附近存在大量的位错。经分析认为,低温峰起因于位错与晶界交互作用所引起的对晶界粘性滑移限制,高温峰则由晶界弛豫引起。     

热处理制度对Ti49.2Ni50.8合金内耗性能的影响

利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和倒置低频扭摆仪研究了不同热处理状态Ti-50.8%Ni(摩尔分数)合金的低频阻尼性能.结果表明:固溶处理试样只存在马氏体相变内耗峰,而时效处理试样中既有马氏体相变内耗峰,也发现有R相变内耗峰,相变内耗峰均对应弹性模量极小值,相变内耗峰与频率成反比;在时效处理试样中,马氏体相和R相的阻尼性能高于母相(B2);时效处理对马氏体相变有抑制作用;在400℃时效的TiNi合金中,于200K左右处发现内耗峰,随着频率的增加,低温内耗峰向高温方向运动,此内耗峰与时效析出的Ti3Ni4粒子钉扎位错有关,用钉扎位错脱钉的G-L模型解释了低温内耗峰,此内耗峰的脱钉既包括机械脱钉,也包括热激活脱钉.     

微量Sc和Zr对锌铝共析合金微观结构和阻尼性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、XRD及阻尼性能测试等手段研究了添加Sc和Zr对锌铝共析合金阻尼性能的影响。结果表明 :0 .2 1%Sc和 0 .15 %Zr使锌铝共析合金铸态组织显著细化 ,阻尼性能提高 ,阻尼稳定性提高 ;两种合金Zn 2 2 .1%Al和Zn 2 2 %Al 0 .2 1%Sc 0 .15 %Zr分别在约 2 0 8℃和 195℃出现内耗峰。分析认为Al3 Sc及Al3 (Sc ,Zr)质点对α/α ,α/β ,β/β界面的非弹性粘滞运动的阻碍引起高阻尼 ,并致使峰位移向低温。同时 ,这些质点有效地阻止位错的迁移和亚晶的形成、长大和合并 ,使阻尼稳定性提高     

多孔Mg的低频阻尼行为

多孔Mg是一种新型高阻尼材料,在被动阻尼及冲击防护等领域有广泛应用前景。采用内耗的方法对其阻尼行为进行了试验研究。结果表明,多孔Mg的阻尼性能比之致密Mg有明显提高,随孔隙率增加或孔径减小,提高的幅度增加。此外,在温度-内耗谱上还发现一弛豫型内耗峰,该峰的激活能和指数前因子分别为1.21eV和1.23×10-15,与位错的滑移有关。     

SiCp/Gr颗粒混杂增强6061铝基复合材料中的内耗峰及其阻尼机制

采用喷射共沉积方法制备了SiCp／Gr／6061铝合金混杂金属基复合材料，研究了其阻尼特性。结果表明：该材料在150℃附近有一温度内耗峰，且随频率增加该峰峰位向高温移动而峰高降低。通过Arrhenius方程测得内耗峰的激活能为1．17eV。分析认为：该峰具有弛豫特性，它是在热与应力的双重作用下，由位错拖曳点缺陷运动所致，符合位错诱生阻尼机制。     

热轧及退火对Mg-Zr系阻尼合金组织和性能的影响

研究了热轧及退火对3种Mg-Zr系阻尼合金(Mg-0.6Zr、Mg-0.6Zr-0.4Zn、Mg-0.6Zr-0.4Zn-1.5Cd)组织和性能的影响。结果表明:热轧使晶粒发生明显细化,力学性能获得提高。铸态合金的阻尼性能与应变振幅有关,随着应变振幅的提高而不断提高;经热轧,合金的阻尼性能显著下降,几乎与应变振幅无关;热轧后的退火处理使合金的阻尼性能又有上升,但低于铸态水平。在各种状态下,Mg-0.6Zr-0.4Zn和Mg-0.6Zr-0.4Zn-1.5Cd合金的力学性能明显高于Mg-0.6Zr合金,而铸态时的阻尼性能与Mg-0.6Zr合金的相差不大,但经过热轧及退火之后又有较大差距。Mg-Zr系合金上述阻尼性能的变化可以用Granato-Lücke位错模型来解释。     

High damping capacities of Mg-Cu based alloys

The dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) was applied to investigate the damping properties of Mg-Cu based alloys. The results show that the as-cast hypoeutectic Mg-Cu binary alloys exhibit ultra-high damping capacities, while the eutectic Mg-Cu alloy exhibits low damping capacity. The strain amplitude dependent damping performance reveals that the dislocation damping mainly dominates in Mg-Cu alloys. Furthermore, the influence of eutectic phase on damping mechanisms of Mg-Cu binary alloys was discussed in detail and the effect of Si addition on the damping of Mg-1%Cu based alloy was also reported. Two damping peaks are observed on the temperature dependent spectrum of Mg-Cu based alloys. One is located at room temperature, which is dislocation related peak; and the other is located at moderate temperature, which is caused by the grain boundary sliding.     

含微量Cu的Fe-P及Fe-P-La合金的晶界内耗SCIEI

本文研究了含微量Cu的Fe-P及Fe-P-La合金系的晶界内耗。发现加进0.584—0.722wt-％的La,明显降低了合金的晶界内耗峰,使晶界峰向高温移动,并在高温处产生一个小内耗峰。对结果做了讨论。进一步阐明了晶界内耗机制:晶界中原子尺寸(即点)缺陷或它们的簇,在应力作用下运动引起内耗。     

INTERNAL FRICTION OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES IN Fe-P AND Fe-P-La ALLOYS CONTAINING TRACE Cu

The grain boundary internal friction(GBIF)in Fe-P and Fe-P-La alloys containing traceCu has been studied.It is found that an addition of 0.584—0.722 wt-% La obviously reducesthe IF,shifts grain boundary peaks towards higher temperatures,and produces a small addi-tional peak at even higher temperature.The mechanism of GBIF is explained as the movementof defects of atomic size,namely point defects,at gram boundaries and/or their clusters un-der stress.     

Analysis of the internal friction spectra of high purity aluminium at medium temperatures

The internal friction spectra of high purity aluminium (99.999%) has been thoroughly studied but, at the present time, there is no agreement about the number of peaks at medium temperatures and the number of components of each peak. This paper discusses the reasons for that controversy and summarizes the relaxation processes found in the internal friction spectra. Some authors have assumed that the P₂ peak (also called Kê peak) is formed by two components, one associated to a mechanism of dislocation mobility and the other to grain boundary sliding. However, this assertion is based on weak experimental evidence, which is critically reviewed in this work. The fitting methods used to decompose the internal friction spectra have also been discussed, since some of them can generate spurious components and lead to equivocal conclusions. Another point of great interest that has remained unclear concerns the shifts of the temperature of the peaks observed by many authors, which are explained in this paper with the help of some mechanisms of dislocation mobility. Several specific experimental measurements in 99.999% aluminium and 99.9999% aluminium doped with 10 ppm of copper are presented to clarify these questions. It is concluded that P₂ is composed of just one component and is associated to a mechanism of dislocation mobility. In addition, we have determined that there are only three peaks in the medium temperature range, namely P₁, P₂ and P₃.     

非线性滞弹性内耗的实验和理论研究

本文评述了非线性滞弹性内耗研究的新近发展，非线性滞弹性内耗与线性滞弹性内耗的主要区别是它不但呈现频率内耗峰和温度内耗峰，还在出现温度内耗峰的温度范围内出现振幅内耗峰。自１９５０年首次发现非线性滞弹性内耗现象以来，截至目前，已经发现了两种呈现非线性滞弹性内耗的体系：（１）点缺陷（空位与溶质原子）与位错的交互作用，在这方面已有了丰富的实验结果，提出了有关的物理模型，也进行了一些理论研究工作，（２）位错     

Internal friction peak associated with dislocations in Mg-0.6%Zr alloy

The internal friction(IF) of Mg-0.6%Zr alloy is measured in the present study and two IF peaks of(P 1(97 C,1 Hz) and P 2(230 C,1Hz) ) are found,respectively.It is shown that the novel P 1 peak is frequency independent and the peak temperature increased with the increase of strain amplitude or heating rate.P 1 peak could be repressed by the reheating-up measurements and represented by heat treatment.The mechanism of P 1 peak is clarified by optical microscope(OM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM) observation,and considered to be caused by the creation and expansion of dislocations during plastic deformation.The P 2 peak is a thermally activated relaxation IF peak,and activation energy is 1.46 eV,which is caused by the relaxation of the grain boundaries in Mg-0.6%Zr alloy.     

轧制对Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金温度阻尼峰的影响(英文)

经过变形量4.7%的单道次室温轧制变形,Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金的一次温度—阻尼谱出现了3个明显的阻尼峰;在二次温度—阻尼谱中,3个阻尼峰均发生变化,特别是第3阻尼峰P3受到抑制,变得非常不明显。对各阻尼峰峰温处淬火样品进行金相、XRD、EBSD等实验,研究轧制对Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金温度—阻尼峰的影响。结果表明:在一次温度—阻尼谱中的P3峰处出现织构增强、孪晶急剧消失的现象;轧制变形后,3个温度—阻尼峰依次为位错阻尼峰、晶界阻尼峰和孪晶引发的再结晶阻尼峰;另外,随着拉伸孪晶的消失,室温轧制态Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金的应变阻尼性能大幅度恢复,高应变下接近均匀化退火态Mg-3Cu-1Mn的应变阻尼性能。这说明拉伸孪晶对Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金应变阻尼性能有不利的影响。     

Compensation effect in grain boundary internal friction

Experimental evidence is provided for the occurrence of the compensation effect, i.e., a linear relationship between the activation enthalpy and the logarithm of the pre-exponential factor, for grain boundary internal friction. The results of internal friction measurements in bicrystals of high purity Al with structurally different grain boundaries were analyzed. The extracted compensation temperature was found to be the same as for grain boundary migration and diffusion of solutes along grain boundaries in Al bicrystals. This temperature divides the investigated temperature range of the internal friction peak into two regimes, with different relations between the magnitude of relaxation time and enthalpy of activation.     

Mechanisms of anelasticity in Fe–13Ga alloy

Thermally activated frequency and temperature dependent anelastic effects in Fe–Ga alloys are practically not studied as yet in spite of the capacity of these alloys to dissipate energy of mechanical vibrations due to magneto-mechanical damping. In this paper we have studied iron-based composition with 13 at.% Ga. Several thermally activated peaks have been discovered and their activation parameters are evaluated by means of temperature and frequency dependent internal friction tests using free-decay and forced vibrations. Physical mechanisms are proposed for most of these peaks. In addition to thermally activated relaxation peaks, an irreversible internal friction peak is recorded due to structural transformation around 200 °C. This peak is frequency independent and is accompanied by inverted modulus behaviour. High damping capacity of Fe–13Ga alloy is confirmed.