Mn、Fe和Zr对Al8Si0.8Mg0.5Cu合金组织和性能的影响

通过电导率和拉伸性能测试,并结合金相显微镜和扫描电镜组织观察等分析测试手段,研究了合金元素Fe、Mn和Zr对高导热Al8Si0.8Mg0.5Cu合金的拉伸性能、热导率和微观组织的影响。结果表明,铸态合金中,当锰含量(质量分数,下同)由0.1%增加至0.3%时,粗大针状含Fe相减少而块状含Fe相增多,拉伸强度增加42.5 N/mm2,而热导率降低8 W/(m·K);当铁含量由0.1%增加至0.5%时,铸态合金中针状含Fe相的数量和尺寸明显增大,拉伸强度提高7.8 N/mm2,而热导率降低3 W/(m·K);加入0.1%Zr后,针状含Fe相的数量略有增加,拉伸强度降低18.8 N/mm2,而热导率降低7 W/(m·K)。当铸态合金在200℃4 h人工时效后,随锰含量增加,拉伸强度增加28.5N/mm2,而热导率降低了3 W/(m·K);随铁含量增加,拉伸强度提高11.9 N/mm2而热导率降低3 W/(m·K);加入0.1%Zr后,拉伸强度降低11.5 N/mm2而热导率降低了4 W/(m·K)。     

Mg-2Zn-xCu合金的显微组织和热物性能（英文）

通过显微组织和热物性能表征、热处理及第一性原理计算,研究Mg-2Zn-xCu (x=0.5, 1.0, 1.5,摩尔分数,%)合金的显微组织和热物性能。结果表明,添加Cu元素对合金显微组织和热物性能有影响。随着Cu含量增加,铸态合金中MgCuZn相含量增加,铸态合金电导率和热导率增大。固溶处理后,合金中共晶组织部分溶解,Zn原子回溶进入基体,导致合金的电导率和热导率均降低。时效处理前期,溶质原子从基体中沉淀析出,合金电导率增大,时效24 h后,Mg-2Zn-1.5Cu合金的热导率最高达到147.1 W/(m·K)。合金中形成的热稳定MgCuZn相对合金的电导率和热导率起促进作用。Zn元素在基体中含量越低,晶格畸变程度越低,导热性能则越好。另外,第一性原理计算结果也表明MgCuZn三元相具有很好的导电和导热性能。     

固溶温度对铸造Al-Si合金热导率及力学性能的影响

采用金属型铸造工艺制备高性能导热Al-Si合金,并用单项试验法研究热处理工艺(固溶温度)对合金显微组织、热导率及力学性能的影响。通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、激光导热分析仪、拉伸试验等手段测试并分析了热处理前后合金显微组织、抗拉强度、伸长率和热导率等性能的变化。结果表明,铸态时合金的热导率为153.1 W/(m·K),随着固溶温度升高,初生α-Al相形状变得规则,共晶Si由不规则的层片状开始断裂和球化,合金的热导率呈先上升后下降的趋势,在540℃时达到最大,为190.8 W/(m·K),较铸态时提高了24.6%,而560℃时急剧降低。抗拉强度由铸态时的188.35MPa提高到540℃时的255.74MPa,伸长率由铸态时的4.5%提升到540℃时的14.41%。     

高导热共晶Al-Si合金的制备及其性能

采用OM、激光导热及直读光谱等手段,研究了Sr、B变质及退火对共晶Al-Si合金组织及热导率的影响。结果表明,通过B+Sr复合变质,共晶Si相由层片状转变为纤维状,杂质含量降低,合金的导热性能得到显著提升。B、Sr加入顺序对合金组织及导热性能有显著影响。经0.02%的B+0.03%的Sr复合变质处理合金的热导率为159.5W/(m·K),较未变质合金提升约31.2%。经350℃×4h退火处理,B+Sr复合变质合金的热导率为178.8 W/(m·K),较其铸态合金提升约10.93%。     

Mg-Sn合金的阻尼机理研究

研究了不同的Sn含量（Mg-（1-10）wt%）的Mg-Sn合金在不同状态下（铸态、固溶态、固溶+时效态）的阻尼性能。结果表明随着Sn含量的增加, Mg-Sn合金阻尼性能中与应变相关的阻尼值（阻尼因子Q-1）会相应的增加。Mg-Sn合金阻尼机理为位错阻尼和相界阻尼的共同作用,相界阻尼来自于合金中层片状共晶组织（Mg2Sn与α-Mg）相界面摩擦阻尼。高应变振幅下,Mg-（1-5 wt%）Sn的Q-1因子变化规律为：T4＞F＞T6,位错机制占主导地位;Mg-（7-10 wt%）的阻尼因子Q-1变化规律为：F＞T4＞T6,相界面摩擦阻尼占主导地位。     

固溶时效过程中高导热Al-9Si合金组织性能演变

采用水冷铜模制备高导热Al-9Si-Mg-Cu合金铸态试样,经固溶、时效处理后,分析了合金在不同状态下的显微组织、析出相形貌和分布、合金的硬度及导热性能,研究了固溶时效过程中合金的组织演变。结果表明,铸态下合金主要由初生α-Al、共晶Si相、Mg_2Si相以及富Fe相组成;经过固溶和时效处理后,合金物相组成与铸态保持一致,但析出相显微组织形貌和分布明显发生变化;在固溶过程中,共晶Si相明显细化,时效处理后分布更为均匀,而Mg_2Si和AlSiMgFe及AlSiMgCu相在时效处理后尺寸细小、分布均匀;固溶时效处理对析出相形貌、尺寸和分布均产生影响,将减少自由电子传输过程中的散射中心数量,降低散射几率,构建更有利于自由电子传输的通道,从而实现合金力学性能和导热性能的同时优化;最终,制备合金的显微硬度(HV)达到122.92,热导率达到162.73W/(m·K)。     

连续挤镦Mg-Sn合金的显微组织与力学性能

通过光学显微金相、扫描电镜和力学性能测试等手段,研究了Sn添加量为3wt%、5wt%、8wt%和10wt%的铸态和连续挤镦态的Mg-Sn二元合金的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明,Sn含量≤8wt%时,Mg-Sn二元合金的组织被细化。铸态的Mg-Sn合金经连续挤镦后,晶粒得到明显细化。同时,Mg2Sn相含量随锡含量的升高而增加;连续挤镦的Mg-8wt%Sn合金组织抗拉强度最大,达到204 MPa,比相应的铸态组织增加67%;连续挤镦变形合金的拉伸断口出现大量韧窝,断裂方式为典型韧性断裂。     

Mg-xZn-0.3Ca-0.5Mn-0.3La合金的导热及力学性能

以设计高导热镁合金为前提，研究了Zn元素含量及热挤压对Mg-xZn-0.3Ca-0.5Mn-0.3La(x=2、3、4和6 mass%)合金在室温下导热性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明：Zn含量的增加使得Mg-xZn-0.3Ca-0.5Mn-0.3La合金中Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃和Mg-Zn-La相增多，铸态合金的强度、硬度逐渐增加，而相界面的增加导致热导率逐渐下降，其中低Zn含量的ZX21M合金的热导率最高，为145.9 W/(m·K)。经热挤压后合金的晶粒明显细化，Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃相破碎为较为细小的颗粒，合金的力学性能均得到显著提升，而导热性能却出现了不同的变化，一方面晶界增多引起电子传热受阻增强进而使得合金的热导率降低，另一方面第二相的破碎化促进电子传导引起热导率升高。Zn含量为2 mass%的合金在挤压后表现出最优异的综合性能，其热导率为140.0 W/(m·K),屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为159.6 MPa、238.0 MPa和26.3%。     

稀土Y元素对铸态镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用熔炼工艺制备了Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca与Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca-2Y合金,研究了两种合金的铸态组织及力学性能。结果表明,Y元素的添加细化了Mg-2.0Zn-0.2C合金的铸态组织。Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca合金主要由α-Mg与少量Mg₇Zn₃相组成,添加2wt%的Y后,改变了Zn在Mg基体中的固溶度,降低了其固溶强化效果,同时组织中形成了I相和W相。添加Y元素后,合金的规定塑性延伸强度升高,从41.0 MPa升高到50.6 MPa;伸长率降低,从12.6%降低到4.0%。     

汽车发动机用AX55-xSn合金的热处理与蠕变性能

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和高温蠕变持久试验机等试验手段,研究了Sn含量和固溶时效工艺对AX55-x Sn(x=0,0. 5,1,1. 5)合金物相组成、显微组织、硬度和蠕变性能的影响。结果表明:添加Sn元素后,AX55-x Sn合金中除含α-Mg、Al2Ca和(Mg,Al)2Ca相外,还出现了CaMgSn相;随着Sn含量的增加,双级固溶+时效和单级固溶+时效态AX55-x Sn合金的硬度都逐渐升高,相同Sn含量下单级固溶+时效态AX55-x Sn合金的显微硬度要高于双级固溶+时效态AX55-x Sn合金;随着Sn含量的增加,AX55-x Sn合金的总蠕变量和最小蠕变速率都逐渐减小,相同Sn含量下单级固溶+时效态AX55-x Sn合金的总蠕变量和最小蠕变速率相比双级固溶+时效态合金的小,说明具有更好的蠕变性能。AX55-1. 5Sn合金的蠕变性能略低于高压压铸成型MRI230D合金,但明显高于Mg-4Al-2RE-2Ca合金,适用于制造汽车动力系统的零件。     

Effect of Ca addition on the as-cast microstructure and creep properties of Mg-5Zn-5Sn magnesium alloy

The effect of Ca addition on the as-cast microstructure and creep properties of Mg-5Zn-5Sn magnesium alloy was investigated. The results indicate that adding 1.0 wt.% Ca to Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy can effectively refine the as-cast microstructure of the alloy, and the CaMgSn phase with high thermal stability is formed in the alloy. In addition, adding 1.0 wt.% Ca to Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy can also improve the creep properties of the alloy. After adding 1.0 wt.% Ca to Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy, the second creep rate of the alloy at 150°C and 50 MPa for 100 h decreases from 4.67 × 10⁻⁸ to 1.43 × 10⁻⁸ s⁻¹. The strengthening mechanism is mainly attributed to the microstructural refinement and the formation of CaMgSn phase.     

Compressive creep behavior of Mg-Sn binary alloy

Mg-Sn based alloy is one of the potential alloys for application at elevated temperature.The compressive creep behavior of ageing-treated Mg-xSn(x=3%,5%) alloys was investigated at the temperatures of 423 and 473 K and the stresses from 25 MPa to 35 MPa.When the tin content varies,the ageing-treated Mg-xSn alloys show quite different creep resistance,which are mainly attributed to the size and distribution of Mg_2Sn phases in the ageing-treated Mg-xSn alloys.The calculated value of stress exponent, n=6.3...     

Microstructure and thermophysical properties of Mg−2Zn−xCu alloys

The microstructure and thermophysical properties of Mg−2Zn−xCu alloys (x=0.5, 1.0 and 1.5, at.%) were investigated through microstructural and thermophysical characterization, heat treatment, and first-principles calculations. It was found that the addition of Cu had influence on the microstructure and thermophysical properties of the alloy. As the Cu content increased, the content of the MgCuZn phase increased in the as-cast alloys along with the electrical and thermal conductivities. After solution treatment, the eutectic structure partially decomposed and Zn atoms dissolved into the matrix, leading to the decrease in both the electrical and thermal conductivities of the alloy. During the early stages of the aging treatment, solute atoms precipitated from the matrix, thus increasing the electrical conductivity of the alloy. After aging for 24 h, the thermal conductivity of Mg−2Zn−1.5Cu alloy reached the maximum of 147.1 W/(m·K). The thermostable MgCuZn phases were responsible for increasing the electrical and thermal conductivities. Smaller amounts of Zn atoms dissolved in the matrix resulted in smaller lattice distortion and higher conductivities. The first-principles calculations findings also proved that the MgCuZn phases had very high conductance.     

Effects of calcium addition on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy

The effects of Ca addition on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-5Zn-5Sn (mass fraction,%) alloy were investigated.The results indicate that an addition of 0.5%-1.5% (mass fraction) Ca to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy not only refines the as-cast microstructure of the alloy but also causes the formation of the primary and/or eutectic CaMgSn phases with high thermal stability;an increase in Ca amount from 0.5% to 1.5% (mass fraction) increases the amount and size of the CaMgSn phase.In addition,Ca addition to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy improves not only the tensile properties at room temperature and 150 ℃ but also the creep properties.Among the Ca-containing Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloys,the one added 0.5% (mass fraction) Ca obtains the optimum ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature and 150 ℃,however,the alloy added 1.5% (mass fraction) Ca exhibits the optimum yield strength and creep properties.     

Sn对Mg-5Li合金铸态和挤压态组织的影响

在氩气保护气氛下熔炼,得到Mg-5Li-xSn（x=0.15,0.25和0.65,质量分数）系列合金。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪分析合金的显微组织。结果表明,Mg-5Li合金中添加的Sn元素可以起到明显的晶粒细化作用,当Sn含量从0.15%增加到0.65%时,铸态合金的平均晶粒尺寸从556μm细化到345μm,相应的挤压态合金的晶粒从33μm减小到23μm。近似网状的第二相Mg2Sn分布在铸态合金的晶界上,挤压之后,颗粒状的Mg2Sn主要分布在晶粒内部。这些金属间化合物在挤压动态再结晶中可以作为有效的形核质点,从而起到细化晶粒的作用。     

Determination of thermal conductivities of solid and liquid phases for rich-Sn compositions of Sn-Mg alloy

The variations of thermal conductivities of solid phases versus temperature for pure Sn and Sn-1 wt% Mg, Sn-2 wt% Mg, and Sn-6 wt% Mg binary alloys were measured with a radial heat flow apparatus. Thermal conductivity variations versus temperature for pure Sn and Sn-1 wt% Mg, Sn-2 wt% Mg, and Sn-6 wt% Mg binary alloys were found to be 60.60 ± 3.63, 61.99 ± 3.71, 68.29 ± 4.09, and 82.04 ± 4.92 W/Km, respectively. The thermal conductivity ratios of liquid phase to solid phase for pure Sn and eutectic Sn-2 wt% Mg alloy at their melting temperature were found to be 1.11 and 1.08, respectively, with a Bridgman type directional solidification apparatus. Thus the thermal conductivities of liquid phases for pure Sn and eutectic Sn-2 wt% Mg binary alloy at their melting temperature were evaluated to be 67.26 ± 4.03 and 73.75 ± 4.42 W/Km, respectively, by using the values of solid phase thermal conductivities and the thermal conductivity ratios of the liquid phase to the solid phase.     

Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of solid and liquid phases in Bi−Sn and Zn−Mg binary eutectic alloys

The thermal conductivities of solid phases, K_s, for Bi-43 wt.% Sn and Zn-0.15 wt.%Mg binary alloys at their eutectic temperature are found to be 28.0 τ 1.4 and 137.4–6.9 W/Km, respectively, with a radial heat flow apparatus. The thermal conductivity ratios, R, of liquid phase to solid phase for the same alloys at their eutectic temperature are found to be 0.93 and 0.78, respectively, with a Bridgman type directional solidification apparatus. Thus, the thermal conductivities of the liquid phases, K_L, for Bi-43 wt.%Sn and Zn-0.15 wt.%Mg binary alloys at their eutectic temperature are evaluated to be 26.0−1.3 and 107.2−5.4 W/Km, respectively, from the measured values of K_s and R.     

Fluidity,Microstructure, and Tensile Properties of Sub-rapidly Solidified Mg-6Al-4Zn-xSn(x=0,0.6,1.2,1.8) Alloy

In this paper, the infl uence of the Sn element on the melt viscosity, grain size, shrinkage, and tensile properties of the subrapidly solidified Mg-6Al-4Zn alloy was studied. The results showed that the melt viscosity of the Mg-6Al-4Zn alloy was greatly decreased because of the addition of Sn. As the content of Sn increased from 0 to 1.8 wt.%, the grain size of the alloy was refined, and the dendrite microstructure was changed to rose-shaped ones simultaneously. The decreased melt viscosity and refined microstructure were conductive to the feeding of melt, which contributed to the reduction in volume fraction of shrinkage. The volume fraction of shrinkage of the Mg-6Al-4Zn-1.2 Sn alloy was reduced by 30.8%, compared with that of the alloy without Sn addition. Tensile properties of the Mg-6Al-4Zn-x Sn alloys were increased firstly and then decreased with the augmented Sn content. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of the alloy containing 1.2 wt.% Sn were 21.4%, 39.5%, and 259.0% higher than those of the alloy without Sn addition, respectively. The addition of Sn was considered to reduce the shrinkage of the sub-rapidly solidified Mg-6Al-4Zn magnesium alloy and thus improved its tensile properties. To identify the mechanism, the effect of Sn on the volume fraction of shrinkage was discussed from three aspects of melt viscosity, grain refinement, and volume fraction of eutectic phases.     

Enhancement of mechanical properties of duplex Mg-9Li-3Al alloy by Sn and Y addition

For enhancement of mechanical properties in Mg-9Li-3Al alloys, Mg-9Li-3Al duplex alloys were alloyed by addition of Sn and Y. Microstructure evolution and mechanical property response of as-cast Mg-9Li-3Al alloys by alloying with Sn and Y were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and tensile tests. The results indicate that considerable blocky dendrites of primary α phase in Mg-9Li-3Al alloys become lath-like due to the addition of Sn. With addition of Y, Mg-9Li-3Al alloy consists of both block-like and lath-like α-Mg dendrites. The as-cast Mg-9Li-3Al-1Sn-1Y alloy shows a yield strength of 118 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 148 MPa and the elongation to failure of 21%. Improvement in both strength and elongation of Mg-9Li-3Al alloys with Sn and Y addition is attributed to the combined action of MgLi₂Sn and Al₂Y intermetallic compounds.     

Microstructures and tensile properties of as-extruded Mg-Sn binary alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xSn(x=3,7 and 14,mass fraction,%) alloys extruded indirectly at 300℃ were investigated by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and tensile test.The grain size of theα-Mg matrix decreases from 220,160 and 93μm after the homogenization treatment to 28,3 and 16μm in the three alloys after extrusion,respectively.The results show that the grain refinement is most remarkable in the as-extruded Mg-7Sn alloy.At the same time,the amount of the Mg2Sn particles remarkably increases in the Mg-7Sn alloy with very uniform distribution in theα-Mg matrix.In contrast,the Mg2Sn phase inherited from the solidification with a large size is mainly distributed along grain boundary in the Mg-14Sn alloy.The tensile tests at room temperature show that the ultimate tensile strength of the as-extruded Mg-7Sn alloy is the highest,i.e.,255 MPa,increased by 120%as compared with that of as-cast samples.