铸态ZK60-1.0Er镁合金的热压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机对ZK60-1.0Er镁合金的热压缩变形行为进行了研究。热压缩参数应变速率?为0.0001,0.001,0.01和1.0 s~(-1);变形温度T为160,260,320和420℃。结果表明:ZK60-1.0Er镁合金的热压缩变形过程主要为动态回复DR和动态再结晶DRX。通过Zener-Hollomon参数建立了ZK60-1.0Er镁合金热压缩本构方程,根据本构方程计算的理论应力值与实际应力值吻合;同时还根据材料动态模型建立了该种合金的热加工图,并且通过对微观组织的观察和分析可知:该种镁合金的热加工图包含低温高应变速率和高温低应变速率2个失稳区域。该种镁合金适宜的热加工区间为:225~420℃,0.01~1.0 s~(-1),在该区域内存在1个功率耗散效率的峰值,η_(max)=45%。稀土相的存在促进了ZK60-1.0Er镁合金的动态再结晶形核,平均变形激活能Q=152.5 k J/mol,该合金的微观变形机制为晶界滑移和晶格自扩散导致的动态回复和动态再结晶。     

ZK60镁合金的热变形流变行为与本构方程

使用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对ZK60镁合金进行应变速率0.001~1s-1,温度523~673K条件下的热压缩实验。分析ZK60镁合金热压缩过程中的真实应力-应变曲线,分别总结变形温度和变形速率对流变过程中峰值应力的影响,建立描述ZK60镁合金高温压缩变形过程中的流变应力本构模型。将该方程导入有限元分析软件中,对ZK60镁合金热压缩过程进行数值模拟,分析热压缩过程中工件内部的等效应力和等效应变场的变化。研究表明:在该实验条件下的ZK60镁合金热压缩的真实应力-应变曲线有明显的动态再结晶特征,在高温下或者低应变速率下,流变应力曲线的峰值应力变小;模拟所得到的应力-应变曲线与热压缩的测应力-应变曲线基本吻合,表明所求ZK60高温流变本构模型可以为ZK60镁合金热加工提供参考依据。     

ZK60镁合金热变形过程中的动态再结晶动力学

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对ZK60镁合金在温度为200～400℃、应变速率为0.001～10s-1、最大变形量为60%的条件下进行恒应变速率高温压缩实验,研究高温变形过程中合金的动态再结晶行为;采用EM模型描述合金的动态回复曲线,以此为基础,得出ZK60合金热压缩过程中的动态再结晶动力学Avrami方程.利用有限元模拟合金热压缩过程中的动态再结晶.结果表明ZK60合金热压缩过程中由于存在动态再结晶的软化作用,流变应力达到峰值后逐渐减小,并最终达到稳态;随着变形量的增加和变形温度的升高,动态再结晶体积分数增加,合金变形更加均匀;随着应变速率的增加,动态再结晶分数有所减小,且.变形也更不均匀.     

铸态AZ80+0.4Ce镁合金的热压缩变形试验研究

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机,在变形温度300℃~420℃、应变速率0.000 5 s-1~0.5 s-1的变形条件下,对铸态AZ80+0.4Ce镁合金进行热压缩试验。试验研究了该合金的高温流动应力变化规律,采用金相显微镜分析了温度、应变速率对微观组织的影响。结果表明:铸态AZ80+0.4Ce镁合金的高温流动应力-应变曲线主要以动态再结晶软化机制为特征,增加变形温度和降低应变速率都会降低材料的流动应力;热压缩温度越高,动态再结晶进行越充分,应变速率越大,动态再结晶晶粒越细。     

变形态Ti40合金高温变形行为

在GLEEBLE热模拟试验机上对变形态Ti40合金进行热压缩实验,采用基于Prasad准则的加工图技术,研究变形态Ti40合金在变形温度950℃～1100℃、应变速率0.001s-1～1.0s-1范围内的微观变形机制和流变失稳现象,并优化该合金的高温变形参数。结果表明,失稳区出现在低温、高应变速率区,当变形温度为950℃～1010℃、应变速率0.13s-1～1.0s-1时,失稳区会出现局部流动,在实际热加工时应尽量避开这一参数范围;变形温度950℃～1100℃、应变速率0.001s-1～0.01s-1为较佳的变形参数范围,其变形机制以动态再结晶为主,伴随动态回复,最佳的变形参数位于温度1050℃、应变速率0.001s-1附近,该区域发生了完全动态再结晶;除失稳区和较佳变形区以外的区域,变形机制以动态回复为主,伴随动态再结晶,是可加工的区域。     

挤压态ZK60镁合金的热压缩变形行为

为了研究挤压态ZK60镁合金的热变形行为,利用Gleebe-3500热模拟机在变形温度为523~723 K、应变速率为0.01~10 s~(-1)的条件下对挤压态ZK60合金进行了热压缩变形试验。通过真应力-真应变曲线分析了挤压态ZK60合金流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系,通过引入Z参数建立了挤压态ZK60合金的流变应力本构方程,并观察了其在热压缩过程中的显微组织变化。结果表明:挤压态ZK60合金的真应力-真应变曲线属于动态再结晶型,并且合金的流变应力在高变形温度或低应变速率条件下较低。在变形温度降低或应变速率升高时,动态再结晶晶粒变小,但动态再结晶进行的不充分,再结晶晶粒分布不均匀。通过本构方程计算出挤压态ZK60镁合金的变形激活能Q=122.884 k J/mol,应力指数n=5.096。     

Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructure of AZ31-1Sm Alloy Compression at Elevated Temperatures

在单向压缩热模拟试验机上对AZ31-1Sm合金在变形温度为300~450℃、应变速率为0.01~1 s-1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织进行研究。结果表明:AZ31-1Sm镁合金在热压缩变形时,流变应力随着应变速率的增大和变形温度的降低而增大;该合金的热压缩流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述,在本实验条件下,AZ31-1Sm镁合金热热变形激活能Q为160.8 k J/mol。AZ31-1Sm易发生动态再结晶,在高变形温度和低应变速率条件下动态再结晶趋势明显,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的增加和应变速率的降低而增大。     

基于热加工图的Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr-0.3Ni合金高温变形特性研究

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr-0.3Ni合金进行了热压缩实验,采用动态材料模型的加工图研究了其在1000～1200℃和0.001～1.0 s-1条件下的热变形行为.结果表明,Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr-0.3Ni合金在热变形时呈现两个微观机制不同的动态再结晶峰区,其中动态再结晶区域Ⅰ区:峰值效率为34%,峰值对应的温度和应变速率分别为1100℃和0.01 s-1;动态再结晶区域Ⅱ区:峰值效率为34%,峰值对应的温度和应变速率分别为1105℃和0.001 s-1.在温度低于1140℃、应变速率大于0.01 s-1范围内进行热加工时,由于热塑性变形过程中再结晶晶粒的不均匀长大,极易导致试样变形开裂.在温度1000～1130℃,变形速率大于0.02 s-1区域内,热压缩变形试样外表面剪切开裂趋势明显,易引起加工失稳.根据热加工图分析结果可知,TiAl合金热变形时应选择在动态再结晶Ⅰ区内进行.     

AZ31-1Sm镁合金高温压缩热变形行为和微观组织研究(英文)

在单向压缩热模拟试验机上对AZ31-1Sm合金在变形温度为300~450℃、应变速率为0.01~1 s-1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织进行研究。结果表明:AZ31-1Sm镁合金在热压缩变形时,流变应力随着应变速率的增大和变形温度的降低而增大;该合金的热压缩流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述,在本实验条件下,AZ31-1Sm镁合金热热变形激活能Q为160.8 k J/mol。AZ31-1Sm易发生动态再结晶,在高变形温度和低应变速率条件下动态再结晶趋势明显,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的增加和应变速率的降低而增大。     

3003铝合金热变形机制及其加工图

对经高效熔体处理的3003铝合金进行变形温度为300 ～500℃、应变速率为0.01～10.0 s-1的等温压缩热模拟实验.采用材料动态模型建立该合金的热加工图,并结合OM和TEM等测试方法对热变形后的微观组织进行分析,确定了该合金的热变形机制图.结果表明:该合金加工失稳区为变形温度300 ～380℃、应变速率1.0～10.0s-1的区域,热变形加工的最佳工艺参数为变形温度380～430℃、应变速率1.0～～10.0 s-1,在该区域合金主要发生动态再结晶.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.