非能动核电站全厂断电事故的非等压模拟比例分析研究

应用H2TS方法对非能动核电站的全厂断电(SBO)事故进行了比例分析研究.识别并选择了重要热工水力学现象建立相似准则.基于相似准则中的参数关系,提出非等压模拟非能动核电站SBO事故的原理和试验方法,并进行了失真评价和程序预分析.结果表明:温度是非能动核电站SBO事故分析的核心参数;降压、等温模拟方法复现了原型电站的重要热工水力学现象,基本无失真;降压、降温模拟方法因冷却剂的物性差异产生了较小失真,该失真在事故进程中逐渐减小;ADS阀门开启后,降压模拟自动过渡为等压模拟,各项关键参数与原型电站相等.     

核电蒸汽发生器热工水力静态特性计算分析研究

根据秦山核电站一期30万kW蒸汽发生器的结构和设计参数,对U形管立式蒸汽发生器进行了热工水力计算分析研究,计算了在不同功率水平下,无污垢和无堵管的新蒸汽发生器状态以及有污垢和堵管量达到10%的状态分别对应的蒸汽发生器的一回路和二回路总换热系数、二次侧的蒸汽出口压力和循环倍率等热工参数,得出它们与功率负荷的关系曲线并进行了静态特性分析研究,获得了一套关于蒸汽发生器热工水力计算方法与程序。     

核电站冷凝器优化设计

核电站二回路系统中冷凝器的质量和尺寸是影响核电站总体重量、体积及布置等的重要因素.利用传热经验公式和冷凝器工业性试验结果,建立了冷凝器热工水力数学模型,编制模型评价程序来验证模型的精确性,对冷凝器体积受冷却管外径、节距等设计参数影响的敏感性进行了分析,并利用不同的优化算法对冷凝器体积进行优化设计.结果表明：采用改进的自...     

核电站冷凝器优化设计

核电站二回路系统中冷凝器的质量和尺寸是影响核电站总体重量、体积及布置等的重要因素.利用传热经验公式和冷凝器工业性试验结果,建立了冷凝器热工水力数学模型,编制模型评价程序来验证模型的精确性,对冷凝器体积受冷却管外径、节距等设计参数影响的敏感性进行了分析,并利用不同的优化算法对冷凝器体积进行优化设计.结果表明：采用改进的自适应遗传算法能使冷凝器有更好的性能,冷凝器体积明显减小;冷凝器体积的减小能使整个核电站二回路布置更加紧凑,减小二回路事故的发生率,也便于冷凝器的设计制造.     

核电稳压器内模PID优化控制

针对核电站稳压器非线性、时变和多扰动的特点,基于内模控制理论设计了内模PID控制系统,为进行内模PID控制器参数整定,提出了一种高速收敛的量子粒子群算法,经典型函数测试验证了算法的有效性并应用于参数寻优.仿真结果表明：所提出的内模PID控制系统的控制效果优于常规PID控制系统,在对象模型特性改变或模型具有扰动的情况下,内模PID控制器仍能取得较好的控制效果,在鲁棒性和抗干扰能力方面均具有较强优势.     

脉动气流流量测量用阻尼稳流装置的研究

从理论和试验两个方面,对用于测量脉动气流流量的带阻尼管的稳压箱进行了研究,提出了这种装置的设计原则和方法。分析和试验结果表明,采用阻尼稳压箱可以减小稳压箱容积、增大稳压效果,从而提高脉动流流量的测量精度。带阻尼管的稳压箱其总容积为气缸容积的290倍,箱管直径比为22 5∶1。在单缸机上转速为1200r/min的工况下,流量测量的系统误差<3%;而在相同的系统误差下,同容积的空稳压箱只能测取2000r/min以上的流量。     

用RELAP5程序分析压力容器喷放过程

压力容器实验；ＲＥＬＡＰ５；热工水力数值模拟摘 要：利用 Ｉｄａｈｏ Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ Ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ（ＩＮＥＬ）开发的 ＲＥＬＡＰＳ程序模拟压力容器事故卸压实验的热工水力过程。ＲＥＬＡＰ５程序的计算结果与实验数据相比，空泡份额变化与实验一致，压力和温度偏低，剩余水的质量偏大。程序预测的卸压过程比实验测量偏快．经过比较，认为ＲＥＬＡＰＳ程序可以对一般受压流体失压瞬态问题进行预测估算。     

立式自然循环蒸汽发生器的热工水力特性

压水堆核电站蒸汽发生器传热面管子的腐蚀破损是核电站经常发生的事故,极大地影响核电站的可靠性和经济性。本文仅从蒸汽发生器的热工水力特性出发,提出了结构设计上的改进措施,介绍了蒸汽发生器中的沸腾传热和两相流,着重分析了某些区域内的热工水力特性。     

核电厂压缩空气系统供气管径和储气罐容积计算的研究

压缩空气是核电机组内的一种重要动力源,管径和储气罐容积的合理设计对整个系统的经济性及运行的可靠性有重要的意义,文中分别对管径和储气罐容积计算公式的选用做了相应的分析,并提出了储气罐的容积计算应按照储气罐在系统中的作用而选用不同的公式。对后续核电站压缩空气分配系统设计有一定的借鉴意义。     

压水堆1000MW级稳压器制造技术

本文介绍了１０００ＭＷ级核电站核岛设备稳压器的规范、标准、性能参数、制造中的主要技术难点以及解决方法。     

核电站电磁驱动型稳压器喷淋阀设计综述

[目的]电磁驱动型稳压器喷淋阀是压水堆核电机组的关键阀门之一,实现该阀门的自主化研发对于核电建设具有重要意义.[方法]文章从电磁驱动型稳压器喷淋阀的系统功能需求和技术参数要求出发,简要介绍了自主研发的电磁驱动型稳压器喷淋阀的整机结构、比例电磁铁、中置热防护装置、阀位信号检测与输出装置及先导式阀芯调节系统的结构设计等.[...     

辅助火电机组调峰系统的储热参数设计研究

  目的  为适应原有火电机组对新能源电力消纳的需求,提高其调峰能力是关键因素之一。  方法  储热系统作为燃煤热电机组“热电解耦”的重要方式,评价其参数匹配性具有工程参考价值。文章采用一种耦合储热装置来增加燃煤机组深度调峰能力的方法,并结合热负荷以及电负荷的功率曲线,对储热装置参数的影响规律展开了系统研究。  结果  结果表明:以区域负荷曲线为典型案例,随着储热罐的储热容量和充放热速率参数的提高,储热系统对机组的热负荷调节能力先逐渐提升并在分别在112.75 MW和129 37 MW·min时达到上限,此时深度调峰参数为77 MW左右;此外,储热容量与充放热速率具有一定的匹配关联,二者中瓶颈因素将直接制约系统的深度调峰性能。  结论  通过对储热和放热边界情景的积分,精确的展示了储热罐在辅助调峰过程的中作用,同时结合其运行策略的优化设计能够进一步分析储热辅助调峰系统的参数匹配关系,为后续火电机组耦合储热系统的参数设计提供参考。     

压水堆核电机组稳压器比例喷雾阀选型分析

[目的]稳压器比例喷雾阀是压水堆核电机组的关键阀门之一,是电站系统中唯一的核安全1级控制阀,掌握该阀门的技术特点对于工程实践和该阀门的自主化研发具有指导意义.[方法]基于国内压水堆核电机组所用的两种典型结构——气动V型球芯式比例喷雾阀和电磁驱动角式比例喷雾阀,从结构设计、工作原理及运行维护等方面进行对比分析.[结果]经...     

核电常规岛主厂房布置对火电厂的启发

为了降低火电厂循环水泵的轴功率(即扬程),通过对某核电厂常规岛主厂房半地下布置模式进行技术和经济分析,半地下布置模式对降低循环水泵功率效果显著,收益回报率高。这启发我们:对于火电厂,可以通过降低主厂房布置或降低凝汽器安装高度达到降低循环水泵的扬程,希望核电厂的经验能对常规火电厂主厂房布置有借鉴意义。     

A novel method for the design of CHCP (combined heat,cooling and power) systems for buildings

The design of capacity and operation of CHCP (combined heat, cooling and power) plants applied to HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) in buildings entails a considerable difficulty, because efficiency and economic aspects frequently interact in a complex way. Due to the strong fluctuations in thermal demands, the evaluation of a given design usually requires detailed simulations and a significant amount of input data. This paper proposes simplified approaches to estimate the main parameters characterising the thermal performance of the plant (ATD_e method) as well as to identify optimal designs for a given application under certain encouragement policies (annual PES (primary energy savings) strategy). In the ATD_e method, the duration curve of ATD (aggregated thermal demand) is used to estimate, among others, the amount of heat and cooling effectively supplied to the final user for a given design of the plant. This procedure serves to achieve a quick, global evaluation of the thermal performance of CHP (combined heat and power) or CHCP plants with little computational effort. The annual PES strategy searches the optimal values for the engine capacity, the OP (operation period) or both for CHP and CHCP plants in a particular application, defined by its energy demands. Both methods have demonstrated a notably good performance in several test cases with different patterns of the thermal demands.     

Power system optimization

Long-term gas purchase contracts usually determine delivery and payment for gas on the regular hourly basis, independently of demand side consumption. In order to use fuel gas in an economically viable way, optimization of gas distribution for covering consumption must be introduced. In this paper, a mathematical model of the electric utility system which is used for optimization of gas distribution over electric generators is presented. The utility system comprises installed capacity of 1500 MW of thermal power plants, 400 MW of combined heat and power plants, 330 MW of a nuclear power plant and 1600 MW of hydro power plants. Based on known demand curve the optimization model selects plants according to the prescribed criteria. Firstly it engages run-of-river hydro plants, then the public cogeneration plants, the nuclear plant and thermal power plants. Storage hydro plants are used for covering peak load consumption. In case of shortage of installed capacity, the cross-border purchase is allowed. Usage of dual fuel equipment (gas–oil), which is available in some thermal plants, is also controlled by the optimization procedure. It is shown that by using such a model it is possible to properly plan the amount of fuel gas which will be contracted. The contracted amount can easily be distributed over generators efficiently and without losses (no breaks in delivery). The model helps in optimizing of fuel gas–oil ratio for plants with combined burners and enables planning of power plants overhauls over a year in a viable and efficient way.     

大型斜温层储热罐在火电厂灵活性调峰中的应用分析

以华能丹东电厂引进的大型斜温层储热罐为例,详细介绍了储热罐的原理、结构及实际应用情况。面对国内能源结构的深入调整,碳达峰、碳中和目标日益临近,火电调峰将成为常态,储热罐的应用及其与火电机组的有效配合,不但实现了热电解耦,有效增加了供热负荷,还为火电机组灵活性调峰创造了先机。实践表明,经过国产化及优化,储热罐有效蓄热量设计值5 040。0GJ,实测值5 324.7GJ,斜温层厚度设计值1.500m,实测值0.850m,丹东电厂通过储热罐的应用,在保证供暖的情况下,单机负荷率由20% 继续下降至12.85%（45MW）,并保持连续运行,创造了火电机组深度调峰的典范,验证了斜温层储热罐在火电厂深度调峰中的保低负荷供热以及顶尖峰压低谷的作用,为火电灵活性改造技术提供了切实可行的方案参考。     

Green's function method with consideration of temperature dependent material properties for fatigue monitoring of nuclear power plants

In this paper, a method to consider temperature dependent material properties when using the Green's function method is proposed by using a numerical weight function approach. This is verified by using detailed finite element analyses for a pressurizer spray nozzle with various assumed thermal transient load cases. From the results, it is found that the temperature dependent material properties can significantly affect the maximum peak stresses and the proposed method can resolve this problem with the weight function approach. Finally, it is concluded that the temperature dependency of the material properties affects the maximum stress ranges for a fatigue evaluation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider this effect to monitor fatigue damage when using a Green's function method for the real operating conditions in a nuclear power plant.     

Numerical simulation of single spiral heat storage tank for solar thermal power plant

Thermal energy storage is a key technology for the solar thermal power plants. This paper set up a single spiral heat storage tank using concrete as heat storage material and Cu-water nano-fluid as heat transfer fluid. In this paper, temperature distribution and the effects of the parameters i.e., inlet temperature and inlet velocity, on the charge time of the storage tank have been investigated based on numerical simulation. The results show that the charge time of the storage tank is about 72,000 s before the other factors have been changed. The charge time of the storage tank increases with the decrease of the inlet temperature and inlet velocity.     

热电联产机组储热罐最佳容量的确定方法

为解决“风热冲突”下储热罐的容量选择问题,以热电联产机组整个采暖期为研究对象,引入特征日概念,对配置储热罐后的热电机组建立了逐小时的运行模型。分别以机组深度调峰空间的增量、全年总收益和10年净现值为目标函数,寻找储热罐容量的最优值。结果表明,热负荷越高储热罐的最佳容量也越大,同时机组配置储热罐后所能获得的深度调峰空间也越大;不考虑初投资时,以全年总收益为目标的储热罐最优容量约为820 MW;在考虑初投资后,以10年净现值为目标的储热罐最优容量约为430 MW,容量几乎减半。