逆流喷雾式饱和器内湿化过程的实验研究

对逆流喷雾式饱和器内部空气的湿化过程进行实验研究,实验中不仅测量了饱和器进出口湿空气的相对湿度、温度和水的温度,而且也测量了饱和器内部几个高度截面上湿空气的相对湿度和气相、液相的温度。根据实验测量的湿空气的相对湿度和温度,计算出了饱和器内湿空气的含湿量和测量高度间湿空气的加湿量。由实验结果可见,随水气质量比的增大,饱和器出口湿空气的温度和温升也相应增大。湿空气的含湿量和水的蒸发量、出口温度随进口水温升高、水气质量比增大而增大。在所有实验工况下,饱和器出口湿空气接近或达到饱和。随空气速度增大水滴逃逸量增大。总体上饱和器内部下部主要是加湿进口空气,上部是加湿和加热空气。     

直接接触式低温烟气余热回收塔设计参数优化研究

烟气余热回收塔能通过塔内气-水换热过程,回收烟气显热和水蒸气汽化潜热,降低机组排烟温度,并且回收大量冷凝水。本文基于燃机电厂拟开展燃机烟气余热利用工程,对填料式余热回收塔进行换热模型构建,并对填料式余热吸收塔主要参数进行了研究与优化。研究结果表明,随着填料塔塔径的增大,填料层压降随之减小,填料静持液量和总持液量均随之减小。随着冷却水流量的增大,填料层压降随之增大,填料层高度随之减小,填料静持液量和总持液量均随之增大。随着填料比表面积的增大,填料层压降随之增大。     

泡沫陶瓷填料湿化器加湿性能实验研究

温化器是湿空气透平(HAT)循环的关键部件,其性能优劣对于循环的性能有着重要的影响.对采用新型SiC泡沫陶瓷填料的湿化器在加压条件下的湿化性能进行了实验研究,分析了水气比、进口水温、操作压力以及进口空气温度对湿化过程的影响,研究表明,提高水气比或进口水温会使进出口空气温差、含湿量差相应增加,湿化器节点温差增大.操作压力...     

太阳能驱动的膜式加热加湿系统性能实验研究

中空纤维膜加湿系统能从根本上解决空气加湿过程中气液夹带的问题.通过搭建太阳能驱动的中空纤维膜加热加湿系统试验台并在冬季进行实验测试,分析出太阳能辐射量、空气体积流量和热水体积流量对系统加热加湿性能的影响.研究发现提高太阳能辐射量和空气体积流量对系统的加湿能力和热性能系数均有积极影响,而前者的影响更为显著.为了获得最好的...     

叠置式太阳能加湿除湿海水淡化系统的稳态性能研究

介绍一种基于空气加湿除湿技术的太阳能海水淡化装置,装置中除湿腔叠置在加湿腔的上部,以此缩小装置的占地面积并利用热湿空气自然上升的浮力,形成一种新结构。详细说明装置的结构和运行原理,并研究控制海水运行温度、流量、循环空气流率等参数对装置产水性能的影响。实验结果表明,装置产水量随进水流量和运行温度增加而增加,当温度为90℃时,进水流量为420 kg/h,装置的最大产水量达到10.38 kg/h,装置性能系数GOR最大为1.33。系统在类似条件下的理论产水率达到约15.6 kg/h,性能系数达到1.90。对生化小球和加湿帘2种填料及不同填料厚度的产水性能进行测试,结果表明填料的选择,要结合装置体积和传质效率来综合考虑。     

雾化加湿中的液滴蒸发与加湿过程数值分析

将雾化强化加湿技术引入加湿除湿海水淡化系统,建立雾滴与热空气之间的质能守恒及热质传递模型,并在相关假设基础,对雾化加湿器内的雾滴蒸发与空气热湿过程进行分析。分析结果显示,当空气和雾滴初始温度分别为90℃及20℃,气液体积比在45×10~3时,直径为100μm的雾滴在1.29s内实现完全蒸发,此时空气相对湿度为78%,而当气液体积比降低至40×10~3时,液滴直径降至36.7μm时达到气液平衡,此时空气相对湿度为100%。空气热湿过程分析结果显示,气液体积比为25×10~3~40×10~3时,出口空气相对湿度均能达到饱和状态,出口空气温度约为35℃,蒸发率可达70%以上。     

雾化加湿除湿海水淡化中蒸发过程实验研究

将雾化强化加湿技术引入加湿除湿海水淡化系统,搭建雾化加湿过程性能测试平台,并对不同操作下雾化加湿器内的雾滴蒸发与空气热湿过程进行实验研究。实验表明,气液体积比与进口空气温度对加湿器的加湿性能影响较大,当加湿器进口空气温度为90℃,气液体积比为(20~25)×10~3时,加湿器出口温度约为36℃,出口相对湿度在90%以上,蒸发率在50%以上。     

大长径比热虹吸管微倾角下传热特性的实验研究

文章针对不同充液量且长径比均为191的铜-水热虹吸管进行了实验研究,并对比分析了其在水平及微倾角状态下的传热特性。在冷却水流量恒定状态下,测量不同加热功率的热虹吸管轴向各测点温度及冷却水进出口水温,考察热虹吸管的轴向温度分布特点及变功率时各测点温度响应情况,计算对比分析热虹吸管的等效对流换热系数。实验结果表明,水平状态下,充液率为20%,30%和45%的热虹吸管,即使在低加热功率下也无法良好传热;充液率为14%的热虹吸管,在加热功率低于10 W时,传热性能良好。微倾角状态下,充液率为14%的热虹吸管传热性能大为改善,其蒸发段、冷凝段及等效对流换热系数均随着加热功率的增大而增大,但在加热功率达到40 W时会出现温度振荡现象。     

负压对太阳能加湿除湿产淡水性能的影响

为提高淡水产量,设计一种太阳能负压式太阳能加湿除湿海水淡化系统,通过减小加湿腔体内压强来增加湿空气中含湿量,湿空气分别在液环真空泵和除湿腔内冷凝收集得到淡水。湿空气中含湿量上升,日产淡水总量增加。当湿空气温度70 ℃时,加湿腔压强从90 kPa减至70 kPa,含湿量增加154.9 g/kg;加湿腔压强70 kPa时,12：00—14：00可稳定产淡水1.8 kg/h以上,最高可达2.1 kg/h。装置性能系数GOR最高可达1.7。     

基于散堆填料的空气湿化塔性能实验研究

搭建了内径约600mm的空气湿化塔性能实验台,以塑料阶梯环散装填料塔为研究对象,实验并分析了气速、水气比、填料总高度对湿化塔的压力损失、加湿效果和传质单元高度的影响,以及进水温度对后两者的影响,同时获得了空气湿化填料塔精细设计数据,并对结果进行了拟合,得到填料的传质单元高度经验关联式。     

An investigation of two-phase flow pressure drop in helical rectangular channel

Numerical simulations have been carried out to evaluate the two-phase frictional pressure drop for air-water two-phase flow in horizontal helical rectangular channels by varying configurations, inlet velocity and inlet sectional liquid holdup. The investigations performed using eight coils, five different inlet velocity and four different inlet sectional liquid holdups. The effects of curvature, torsion, fluid velocity and inlet sectional liquid holdup on two-phase frictional pressure drop have been illustrated. It is found that the two-phase frictional pressure drop relates strongly to the superficial velocities of air or water, and that the curvature and torsion have some effect on the pressure drop for higher Reynolds number flows in large-scale helical rectangular channel; the inlet sectional liquid holdup only increases the magnitude of pressure drop in helical channel and has no effect on the development of pressure drop. The correlation developed predicts the two-phase frictional pressure drop in helical rectangular channel with acceptable statistical accuracy.     

基于焓差法分析自然通风冷却塔出口水温的影响因素

采用焓差法建立了自然通风冷却塔出口水温的热力计算模型,并把凝汽器和冷却塔作为一个整体综合研究和分析了冷却塔出口水温的各种影响因素及其影响规律．结果表明：冷却水量、填料断面风速、凝汽器蒸汽负荷以及环境空气的相对湿度均对冷却塔的进口和出口水温有明显影响,且上述因素对进口水温的影响大于对出口水温的影响．     

Experimental investigation of pressurized packing saturator for humid air turbine cycle

Humid air turbine (HAT) cycle is an advanced power generation system, and its efficiency and output power are improved by humidifying the compressed air. This humidification process is completed in the saturator. Therefore, the humidifying performance of saturator has great influence on the performance of HAT cycle. In this work, a new type packing saturator was designed and a series of experiments were carried out to study its humidifying performance. In order to improve the uniformity of the saturator inlet, a twin-tangential annular flow gas distributor was designed. Then it was authorized by China invention patents (ZL201010200778.9). Now, the mal-distribution factor of inlet air is mainly between 0.15 and 0.35 in all experimental conditions. Some key parameters of air and water at the inlet and outlet of saturator were measured at different experimental conditions. These results show the outlet humid air temperature is an important parameter for determining the humidifying amount of the saturator. The humidifying performance of the saturator is mainly affected by the inlet water temperature and the liquid/gas (L/G) ratio. At the same operating pressure, the humidity ratio of outlet humid air increases with inlet water temperature and L/G ratio. At higher inlet water temperature, the L/G ratio has a greater effect on the humidity ratio of outlet humid air. The outlet water temperature is mainly affected by the inlet gas temperature. With the increasing of inlet air temperature, the outlet water temperature increases, and it is close to the wet-bulb temperature of inlet air.     

Thermodynamic analysis of the effects of atmospheric conditions on the performance of a precooled gas turbine fueled with liquid hydrogen

The effects of varying atmospheric conditions such as temperature, humidity and pressure on the performance of a precooled gas turbine cycle fueled with liquid hydrogen are analyzed. Since the hydrogen temperature at the precooler inlet is very low, the condensation and freezing of water vapor contained in suction air is supposed to occur within the precooler. Due to the condensation of water vapor, the precooling process requires more cryogenic hydrogen. Therefore, the temperature-drop ratio of suction air ? within the precooler decreases. Thermodynamic analysis has revealed that the thermal efficiency and specific output per unit mass flow rate considerably decrease with the increase of humidity ψ, the performance degradation of gas turbine due to atmospheric temperature rise is augmented with the increase of humidity. The humidity ratio between precooler inlet and outlet is also made clear.     

Experimental investigations on liquid water removal from the gas diffusion layer by reactant flow in a PEM fuel cell

The cross flow from channel to channel through gas diffusion layer (GDL) under the land could play an important role for water removal in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In this study, characteristics of liquid water removal from GDL have been investigated experimentally, through measuring unsteady pressure drop in a cell which has the GDL initially wet with liquid water. The thickness of GDL is carefully controlled by inserting various thicknesses of metal shims between the plates. It has been found that severe compression of GDL could result in excessive pressure drop from channel inlet to channel outlet. Removing liquid water from GDL by cross flow is difficult for GDL with high compression levels and for low inlet air flow rates. However, effective water removal can still be achieved at high compression levels of GDL if the inlet air flow rate is high. Based on different compressed GDL thicknesses, different GDL porosities and permeabilities were calculated and their effects on the characteristics of liquid water removal from GDL were evaluated. Visualization of liquid water transport has been conducted by using transparent flow channel, and liquid water removal from GDL under the land was observed for all the tested inlet air flow rates, which confirms that cross flow is practically effective to remove the liquid water accumulated in GDL under the land area.     

Numerical investigation of pressure drop characteristics of gas channels and U and Z type manifolds of a PEM fuel cell stack

Fluid flow manifold plays a significant role in the performance of a fuel cell stack because it affects the pressure drop, reactants distribution uniformity and flow losses, significantly. In this study, the flow distribution and the pressure drop in the gas channels including the inlet and outlet manifolds, with U- and Z-type arrangements, of a 10-cell PEM fuel cell stack are analyzed at anode and cathode sides and the effects of inlet reactant stoichiometry and manifold hydraulic diameter on the pressure drop are investigated. Furthermore, the effect of relative humidity of oxidants on the pressure drop of cathode are investigated. The results indicate that increase of the manifold hydraulic diameter leads to decrease of the pressure drop and a more uniform flow distribution at the cathode side when air is used as oxidant while utilization of humidified oxidant results in increase of pressure drop. It is demonstrated that for the inlet stoichiometry of 2 and U type manifold arrangement when the relative humidity increases from 25% to 75%, the pressure drop increases by 60.12% and 116.14% for oxygen and air, respectively. It is concluded that there is not a significant difference in pressure drop of U- and Z-type arrangements when oxygen is used as oxidant. When air is used as oxidant, the effect of manifold type arrangement is more significant than other cases, and increase of the stoichiometry ratio from 1.25 to 2.5 leads to increase of pressure drop by 527.3%.     

Coupled heat and mass transfer characteristic in packed bed dehumidifier/regenerator using liquid desiccant

The dehumidifier and regenerator are two key components in liquid desiccant air conditioning systems. The heat transfer driving force and the mass transfer driving force influence each other, the air and desiccant outlet temperatures or humidity ratio may exceed the air and desiccant inlet parameters in the dehumidifier/regenerator. The uncoupled heat and mass transfer driving forces, enthalpy difference and relative humidity difference between the air and desiccant are derived based on the available heat and mass transfer model and validated by the experimental and numerical results. The air outlet parameter reachable region is composed of the air inlet isenthalpic line, the desiccant inlet equivalent relative humidity line and the linkage of the air and desiccant inlet statuses. Except the mass flow rate ratio and the heat and mass transfer coefficients, the air and desiccant inlet statuses and flow pattern have great effects on the dehumidifier/regenerator performance. The counter flow configuration expresses the best mass transfer performance in the dehumidifier and the hot desiccant driven regenerator, while the parallel flow configuration performs best in the hot air driven regenerator.     

Liquid water transport in parallel serpentine channels with manifolds on cathode side of a PEM fuel cell stack

Water management in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack has been a challenging issue on the road to commercialization. This paper presents a numerical investigation of air–water flow in parallel serpentine channels on cathode side of a PEM fuel cell stack by use of the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package FLUENT. Different air–water flow behaviours inside the serpentine flow channels with inlet and outlet manifolds were discussed. The results showed that there were significant variations of water distribution and pressure drop in different cells at different times. The “collecting-and-separating effect” due to the serpentine shape of the gas flow channels, the pressure drop change due to the water distribution inside the inlet and outlet manifolds were observed. Several gas flow problems of this type of parallel serpentine channels were identified and useful suggestions were given through investigating the flow patterns inside the channels and manifolds.     

管内液相流动压降的实验研究及理论分析

基于现有测试平台对管内液相流动换热压降进行研究,通过调节工质泵转速、水箱温度等实现对工质流量、饱和压力的调节,调节预热段、蒸发段电加热功率,实现对实验管进、出口工质状态的控制,进而为实验提供可靠、稳定的运行环境;数据分析中,对管内工质摩擦压降、局部压降进行综合考虑,对测压工装进行特别设计,以提高压降测量精度。实验结果显示:管内总压降和局部压降随着质量流量的增加而增大,其中局部压降在总压降中占比约为7.8%~9.1%,各公式对摩擦压降的预测误差波动范围为1.03%~1.79%,且当质量流量<75 kg/h时,各公式预测误差小于10%,在一定程度上说明了实验数据的精确性。此外,袁恩熙公式在四个预测公式中预测精度最高。