马铃薯交联酯化变性淀粉在酸奶中的应用

本文研究的马铃薯交联酯化变性淀粉成为酸奶的重要添加剂,会起到增加黏稠度,增强滑爽感,增加乳固形物和防止乳清分离作用,具有类脂质地,黏稠度稳定,添加工艺简单,跟其它亲水胶类比较成本低等优点.此种交联酯化淀粉是专门为酸奶量身定做的一种化学变性淀粉,可以耐酸奶的加工条件和运输贮存过程对酸奶的破坏.通过不同程度的变性淀粉和不同来源的变性淀粉的应用实验证明此种马铃薯变性淀粉的优越性.     

马铃薯交联酯化淀粉的制备工艺优化及糊化特性

优化马铃薯交联酯化淀粉的合成工艺并考察变性后产品特性的变化.通过单因素试验得出不同因素对马铃薯交联酯化淀粉交联酯化度的影响,利用SAS8.2统计学软件做显著性分析,优化合成工艺.马铃薯交联酯化淀粉的最佳合成工艺为:交联温度为35℃,交联剂用量为0.3%,交联pH为10,交联反应时间为3 h,酯化剂添加量为10%,酯化pH值控制在8.0～8.4,固定时间为1 h,可得到性能较好的变性淀粉.     

三种马铃薯复合变性淀粉对马铃薯面条的物性及品质的影响

将马铃薯全粉与面粉按不同比例配成混合粉以制作面条,并用马铃薯复合变性淀粉提升面条的品质;通过对不同比例混合粉糊化特性,面条断条率、烹调损耗、物性、烹调特性和感官评定的研究,得出制作面条的最优马铃薯全粉:面粉质量比和预糊化交联淀粉、氧化交联淀粉、酯化交联淀粉的添加量。结果表明,最优的质量比为20:80 (w/w);添加马铃薯复合变性淀粉对马铃薯面条的弹性、黏着性等都有显著影响(p<0.05);在烹调实验中,随着预糊化交联淀粉、氧化交联淀粉、酯化交联淀粉的增加,吸水率升高,当三者的添加量分别为5%、4%、5%时,浊度最低;感官评定实验中,当添加5%预糊化交联淀粉、4%氧化交联淀粉、6%酯化交联淀粉时,马铃薯面条的各指标评分之和最高,且分别为:31.2、33.1、34.6。从质构,烹调特性,感官特性等方面综合对比三种马铃薯复合变性淀粉对马铃薯面条的影响,得出6%酯化交联淀粉最适宜。     

天然产物抗应激活性成分研究进展

将马铃薯全粉与面粉按不同比例配成混合粉以制作面条,并用马铃薯复合变性淀粉提升面条的品质;通过对不同比例混合粉糊化特性,面条断条率、烹调损耗、物性、烹调特性和感官评定的研究,得出制作面条的最优马铃薯全粉:面粉质量比和预糊化交联淀粉、氧化交联淀粉、酯化交联淀粉的添加量。结果表明,最优的质量比为20:80 (w/w);添加马铃薯复合变性淀粉对马铃薯面条的弹性、黏着性等都有显著影响(p<0.05);在烹调实验中,随着预糊化交联淀粉、氧化交联淀粉、酯化交联淀粉的增加,吸水率升高,当三者的添加量分别为5%、4%、5%时,浊度最低;感官评定实验中,当添加5%预糊化交联淀粉、4%氧化交联淀粉、6%酯化交联淀粉时,马铃薯面条的各指标评分之和最高,且分别为:31.2、33.1、34.6。从质构,烹调特性,感官特性等方面综合对比三种马铃薯复合变性淀粉对马铃薯面条的影响,得出6%酯化交联淀粉最适宜。     

马铃薯交联酯化淀粉的制备工艺优化及糊化特性研究

目的:优化马铃薯交联酯化淀粉的合成工艺并考察变性后产品特性的变化。方法:通过单因素实验得出不同因素对马铃薯交联酯化淀粉交联酯化度的影响,利用sas8.2统计学软件做显著性分析,优化合成工艺。结果:马铃薯交联酯化淀粉的最佳合成工艺为:交联温度为35℃,交联剂用量为0.3%,交联pH为10,交联反应时间为3h,酯化剂添加量为10%,酯化pH控制在8.0～8.4,固定时间为1h,可得到性能较好的变性淀粉。结论:采用优选的最佳工艺合成马铃薯交联酯化淀粉,各项性能指标均获得显著改善,产品稳定可靠。     

三种搅拌型酸奶用变性淀粉的特性及应用

研究了3种搅拌型酸奶用变性淀粉——蜡质玉米乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯(AWMDP)、木薯乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯(ATDP)、蜡质马铃薯二淀粉磷酸酯(WPDP)的基本性质和应用效果。3种搅拌型酸奶用变性淀粉经95℃处理10min后仍保持膨胀的颗粒状态,但是膨胀的平均粒径大小、吸水能力不同,这主要与淀粉的来源、交联度有关。3种变性淀粉(0.5%,w/w)都使得搅拌型酸奶的表观黏度、持水力和弹性模量(G')增加,同时提高了酸奶的抗剪切变稀性。WPDP在改善酸奶的物理性能上明显优于其他2种变性淀粉。     

琥珀酸酯化低交联马铃薯淀粉的性质研究

本文对自制的琥珀酸酯化马铃薯淀粉、琥珀酸酯化低交联马铃薯淀粉和马铃薯原淀粉的RVA图谱、透明度、凝沉稳定性、冻融稳定性和显微形态进行对比研究.结果表明:同单纯酯化相比较,交联后再酯化有利于稳定其糊化温度和粘度,可提高马铃薯淀粉的透明度、凝沉稳定性和冻融稳定性,酯化反应对淀粉颗粒的损伤主要产生在淀粉表面.     

变性淀粉的形貌与偏光特性研究

用偏光显微镜研究不同来源和不同变性方式的变性淀粉的形貌和偏光特性.结果表明,木薯淀粉的形貌为圆形.平均粒径为13 μm.马铃薯淀粉形貌多为椭圆形,平均粒径为49 μm.糯玉米淀粉的形貌为多角形,平均粒径为12 μm.不同来源的淀粉均有明显的偏光十字,粒度分布较广,经过酯化、交联、氧化变性后,粒度分布范围变小,粒径变小.预糊化淀粉不存在颗粒结构,无偏光十字.     

辛烯基琥珀酸交联淀粉酯合成工艺研究

以木薯淀粉为原料,用环氧氯丙烷作交联剂,辛烯基琥珀酸酐作酯化剂,采用湿法工艺合成辛烯基琥珀酸交联淀粉酯.探讨了淀粉乳浓度、反应温度、反应时间、pH和沉降积对辛烯基琥珀酸交联淀粉酯取代度的影响,确定制备辛烯基琥珀酸交联淀粉酯的最佳工艺参数为:淀粉乳浓度35%,酯化pH 8.0,酯化温度35℃,酯化时间3 h.交联淀粉的沉降积对酯化取代度影响较小,在生产中可根据最终产品的用途选用合适沉降积的交联淀粉进行酯化复合变性.复合变性淀粉符合食品行业标准,可以在食品工业中应用.扫描电镜对其结构进行观察显示淀粉中受侵蚀颗粒增多,颗粒表面的小凹痕数量增加.     

几种不同淀粉的物性分析研究

以玉米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、马铃薯酯化变性淀粉、木薯淀粉和木薯醋酸酯淀粉为原料,比较研究了激光粒度仪和X-射线衍射仪测定的淀粉的颗粒大小和结构,快速粘度仪测定糊化特性,差示扫描量热仪和热重分析仪测定淀粉的热特性。结果表明,淀粉的平均粒径大小顺序为马铃薯类淀粉玉米类淀粉木薯类淀粉,且湿法和干法测定有差异;玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉和木薯醋酸酯淀粉为A型结构,蜡质玉米淀粉经过变性处理无双峰结构,马铃薯及其酯化变性淀粉为B型结构;马铃薯淀粉峰值粘度最大,热焓值最高,持水力最强,玉米淀粉的糊化温度最高,峰值粘度和衰减值最小,马铃薯酯化淀粉的起始糊化温度最低,综合持水力最弱。     

Dehydration of potato

Drying behaviour of potato in a natural convection, solar dryer was investigated. In drying experiments conducted at low air velocity, as found in the solar dryer, it was shown that air flow conditions are of critical importance for drying behaviour. As a result of the presence of extensive, external mass transport resistances in deep bed drying, the air flow behaviour of the bed was more important than the drying behaviour of the single pieces. Thus, for deep bed solar drying, 10x10 mm french cut potatoes dried faster than 5 mm slices. (This result was opposite to that found for drying in thin layers). Drying time was noted to increase less rapidly than bed depth increased, so overall dryer productivity increased with increasing bed depth, within the constraint that drying be completable in 1 day.     

Characteristics of acetylated and enzyme-modified potato and sweet potato flours

The properties of modified potato and sweet potato flours have been determined by incorporating acetyl groups (acetylation) and by treating with glucoamylase (enzymatic modification). Fractionation studies on Sepharose CL-2B showed that the content of high molecular weight fraction decreased, with a proportionate increase in the lower molecular weight carbohydrate fraction, whereas FT-IR indicated changes in crystallinity of the modified starches. The data showed that the degradation of starch is dependent on the type of modification which, in turn, determined its crystallinity and digestibility. The swelling power and solubility patterns of modified flours indicated a greater degree of associative forces in the starch granules. Scanning electron microscopy revealed indentation on acetylated starch granules, and the granules appeared as bunches/clusters, whereas surface erosion was observed in the enzyme-treated samples. The presence of substituent groups in acetylated flour influenced digestibility inversely, whereas improved digestibility was observed in enzyme-modified samples.     

Physical properties of acetylated and enzyme-modified potato and sweet potato flours

ABSTRACT:  Textural profile, pasting behavior, gelatinization characteristics, sedimentation volume, and gel consistency of acetylated (Ac) and enzyme (glucoamylase)-modified (EM) potato and sweet potato flours have been investigated to determine their suitability in products such as baked goods, soup, and pudding. Dough hardness of Ac and EM samples was significantly higher than their native samples ( P < 0.01). Dough cohesiveness of modified potato did not change, while it decreased in modified sweet potato. With increase in moisture, textural properties of modified samples, in general, showed reduced values. Rapid Visco Analyser showed least pasting viscosities of Ac flours due to restricted swelling of starch granules while EM flours exhibited high viscosities. Acetylated samples showed reduced gelatinization temperature (GT), and enthalpy (ΔH) compared to native samples, whereas enzyme-treated samples showed no significant changes in GT, indicating their comparable crystallinity values with those of native samples. Modified flour samples had lower sediment volumes and gel consistency, and the gel consistency of EM flour correlated with its cold paste viscosity.     

Substituent distribution within cross-linked and hydroxypropylated sweet potato starch and potato starch

Revealing the substituents distribution within starch can help to understand the changes of starch properties after modification. The distribution of substituents over cross-linked and hydroxypropylated sweet potato starch was investigated and compared with modified potato starch. The starches were cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and/or hydroxypropylated with propylene oxide. The native and modified starches were gelatinized and hydrolysed by pullulanase, β-amylase, α-amylase and a combination of pullulanase, α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The hydrolysates were analysed by HPSEC, HPAEC and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Cross-linking had only a slight effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis, where hydroxypropylation evidently limited the enzymatic hydrolysis. The results obtained suggest that the hydroxypropyl substituents are not distributed regularly over the starch chains. Although the average substitution was around 2 hydroxypropyl groups per 10 glucose units, in the enzyme digests of hydroxypropylated starches, oligomer fragments of 10–15 glucose units, carrying 5–8 hydroxypropyl groups, were identified. It is hypothesised that higher levels of substituents are present in the amorphous regions and periphery of clusters of starch granules. This is the first time that the location of hydroxypropyl groups within sweet potato starch has been examined in this detail. Despite significant differences in granule architecture between starches from potato and sweet potato, similar patterns of hydroxypropylation have been found.     

Valorisation of potato wastes

Potato processing industry has a high degree of discarding, which currently has low added value being used primarily for animal feed. However, potato wastes offer a broad range of interesting components such as antioxidants, starch, protein or fibre with potential applications in the food and non-food industries. The recovery of these high valuable fractions using efficient multistage and multiproduct processes could be of great interest. This short review provides a general overview on the integral valorisation of potato wastes, offering an updated vision of the main residual parts generated during potato harvesting and processing, the high valuable obtained components focusing on the bioactive ones and the potential of the emerging extraction techniques over conventional ones. In addition, innovative applications are discussed to highlight the scientific and applied interest of these underutilised and undervalued fractions and to emphasise the integral valorisation of raw materials.     

Diffusion in potato drying

Only falling-rate drying behaviour was found in the potato drying experiments reported here. The standard solution to the non-stationary state diffusion equation was used to analyse the experimental results. The effect of several variables on the diffusivity of water in potato drying was investigated. In order to extrapolate diffusivities for other drying conditions, a semi-empirical equation was developed.     

灵活的土豆加工工艺

<正> 随着快餐及方便食品工业的不断发展与成熟,生产线的研制开发已成为市场的热点。以下将简单介绍由土豆加工设备公司(Potato Processing Machinery PPM)——Frigoscandia设备集团公司附属公司开发的2条快餐食品生产线:PPM-土豆片生产线和PPM-膨化食品胚料油炸生产线。 土豆片生产线工艺 摩擦脱皮 土豆在去沙粒和清洗后进入具有脱皮及摩擦级别可调的连续摩擦脱皮机,在快速的处理下减少了水量的消耗,脱皮机还设有自动清洁功能。 切片和清洗     

在马铃薯之乡推土豆新菜

土豆在我国不同的地方有许多不同的叫法,像山药蛋、地蛋、山芋、洋芋、洋山芋、洋番薯、薯仔等。土豆的中文学名应当叫"马铃薯",它是茄科茄属一年生草本植物,其块茎专供食用,它与玉米、小麦、稻谷和燕麦一起被称作世界上的五大农作物。     

重叠式薯片的加工工艺

<正> 随着全球食品数量和消费者收入的增加,食品的作用已从填饱肚子转向感官享受,休闲食品得以应运而生。这一趋势发展至今,休闲食品的空间已得到广泛的延伸,逐渐挑战正餐的主角地位。