仿棉共聚酯织物的制备及其亲水性能

为了提高涤纶织物的亲水性,在聚合阶段利用多组分共聚的手段改变聚酯分子结构,经过后道系列的加工制备出仿棉共聚酯织物。对织物进行了亲水性能的测试,结果表明:在20℃、相对湿度65%的环境下,共聚酯织物的回潮率达到1.2%以上,织物表面与水的接触角瞬间为0°,芯吸高度在15 cm以上,滴水扩散时间小于1 s,吸水率达到300%以上。与常规聚酯织物相比,仿棉共聚酯织物的亲水性能得到了明显改善。     

基于聚酯织物的超亲水涂层的制备及其油水分离行为

将聚酯织物先后在水性聚氨酯胶黏剂溶液以及由乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性纳米二氧化硅、2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯和2-羟基-2-甲基苯丙酮组成的乙醇混合溶液中浸泡,再经紫外固化,得到基于聚酯织物的无机有机复合超亲水涂层。红外光谱、扫描电镜和接触角测试结果确认了织物表面超亲水涂层的形成,水滴在织物表面完全铺展的时间最短仅为301 ms。利用超亲水聚酯织物可以进行油水分离,其分离效率达99.4%。在经过50次循环分离后,其分离效率仍可保持在98%以上。     

改性聚酯EDDP纤维开发成功

改性聚酯 EDDP纤维最近在吴江辽吴化纤厂开发成功 ,产品质量已达到织造要求。EDDP纤维属分散染料常压异染型。该纤维品质优良 ,可与常规 PET交织 ,也可与特种丝并网交织 ;其织物仿麻感强 ,可与其它纤维混纺 ,织物新颖别致 ,也可同浴染色 ,套色达到双色效果。 EDDP纤维织物后道织造性能优于 CDP常压分散染料织物 ,降低加工成本 ,适用于仿真丝织物的开发。改性聚酯EDDP纤维开发成功     

亲水抗静电PET-PEG共聚酯母粒的制备及其结构与性能

为了改善聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纤维的亲水性能和抗静电性能,需对PET进行改性,以高含量相对分子质量为6 000的聚乙二醇(PEG)作为反应型改性组分,并添加一定含量的无机抗静电剂作为改性助剂,制备了PET纤维用亲水抗静电PET-PEG共聚酯功能母粒,并对母粒的结构与性能进行了表征。结果表明:核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱证实了所制备的PET-PEG共聚酯为目标产物;高含量PEG分子柔性链段的引入降低了PET-PEG共聚酯的熔点和热稳定性,且赋予了吸湿、抗静电性能;母粒中PEG的质量分数为100%(相对对苯二甲酸)较适宜,此时PET-PEG共聚酯母粒的特性黏数为0.847 d L/g,熔点为237.0℃,色相b值为21,表面接触角约25°,吸水率达到85%,体积比电阻达到7.4×107Ω·cm。     

Burlington推出技术仿天然织物

Burlington Perform ance Wear(BPW)公司采用杜邦的Micromattique TM自然无光泽聚酯丝 ,推出技术 -天然织物新家族 Synafural TM。新织物将自然流动性 ,悬垂性与免烫性和高性能相结合。Microm attique在合纤织物中表现仿棉美感。有了 Microm attique就能将聚酯的优异性能与柔软、天然手感相结合。Synatural织物做成的服装不褪色 ,由该织物做成的服装更适合当今较为正规的休闲风格 ,能保持颜色和形状。BPW将该织物作为休闲纯棉裤的替代品。Synatural织物将采用 Nano- Dry TM技术提供舒适性和亲水性 ,如透气、永久芯吸性及快干性Bur…     

涤纶POY/FDY仿棉异收缩混纤丝的性能研究

研究了一步法涤纶POY/FDY仿棉异收缩混纤丝的力学性能、热性能、吸湿性能以及光泽,并与棉纤维进行对比分析。结果表明:仿棉混纤丝断裂强度与棉纤维相近,断裂伸长率、初始模量比棉纤维大;仿棉混纤丝的熔融温度和玻璃化转变温度都比聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)有所降低;仿棉混纤丝与PET纤维相比,回潮率提高,有较好的亲水性能;从光泽上来看,仿棉混纤丝与棉纱相比,反射光较大,光泽较强。     

FZ亲水整理剂通过中试技术鉴定

FZ亲水整理剂是“七五”国家科技攻关项目,常州化工研究所经过二年的努力完成了小试、中试。 FZ亲水整理剂是非离子聚酯—聚醚型耐久性的织物后整理剂,能赋于涤纶及其混纺织物良好的亲水、难沾污、易去污性能。其亲水性能为:液滴吸收时间小于或等于10秒。FZ     

仪纶/涤纶/棉混纺织物一浴法染色技术

超仿棉纤维与其它纤维混纺可提高织物的吸湿性能,但传统的分散/活性染料两浴法染色工艺复杂、能源消耗大、生产效率低。本文对盛发纺织印染有限公司设计的仪纶/涤纶/棉混纺织物(20/50/30)进行了一浴法染色技术研究。结果表明,耐摩擦色牢度、耐洗色牢度、耐光色牢度为4级左右,混纺织物的回潮率为4.54%,静电压为733 V,半衰期为1.14 s,达到仿棉的效果并优于普通涤/棉混纺织物。     

用聚酯织物增强的运输带

前言与运输带中使用的棉、粘胶和尼龙纤维相比,聚酯长丝与其制品具有前者所没有的许多显著优点,这一点,由市场上聚酯织物销售量的急剧上升得到了证实(图1)。聚酯织物具有高强度(按单价计)和高抗撕等优良性能。用聚酯织物增强的远输带经向模数高,在负荷下     

“绿色”纯聚酯脱水透气织物Athtoma

日本帝人公司一直把研制开发有利于生态环保的“绿色”纺织品放在首位。近来开发的纯聚酯防水透气性织物就是一个典型产品 ,商品名“Ａｔｈｔｏｍａ”。他们采用特殊的聚酯树脂以及相应聚酯树脂的涂层技术、制膜技术和合层技术等 ,研制出具有防水透气功能的纯聚酯涂层织物和合层织物。其一是用含有亲水基团的聚酯树脂涂层的聚酯织物 ,其抗耐水压值可达 2 0ｋＰａ ,透气量达 60 0 0ｇ/ｍ2 ·2 4ｈ以上。其二是用他们研制的聚酯粘合剂和无孔含亲水基团的聚酯薄膜合层到聚酯织物。它耐水压值为 2 0 0ｋＰａ ,透气量达 50 0 0ｇ/ｍ2 ·2 4ｈ以上…     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。