徐家围子断陷沙河子组储层特征研究

利用铸体薄片和X射线衍射等方法对徐家围子断陷沙河子组储层进行了分析,确定了其岩性主要以泥质粉砂岩及细砂岩为主,成熟度偏低。通过室内压汞实验分析了沙河子组储层孔隙结构,表明该储层整体表现为孔喉半径小,造成孔隙结构中微观规模的油水分布不均匀,为特低孔、特低渗型储层岩性油藏,储层主要受颗粒粒度及成岩作用等因素控制,溶蚀作用使各类孔隙有效连通,因此,进行储层特征研究及影响因素确定,有利于徐家围子断陷油气的勘探与开发。     

陆相页岩碳酸盐矿物成因及其页岩气富集作用——以松辽盆地梨树断陷沙河子组页岩为例

为了揭示陆相页岩中碳酸盐矿物对页岩气的富集作用及意义,本文以松辽盆地梨树断陷下白垩统沙河子组富含碳酸盐矿物的页岩为研究对象,通过高精度厘米级岩心观察、薄片鉴定、X射线衍射全岩矿物分析、XRF元素测试、扫描电镜等手段,分析了页岩中碳酸盐矿物的发育特征,探讨了碳酸盐矿物的形成环境及成因作用,认为碳酸盐矿物对陆相页岩气甜点分布具有重要的指示意义和控制作用.研究结果表明：梨树断陷下白垩统沙河子组发育一套富含碳酸盐矿物(质量分数平均值为15.0%,最高值为48.5%)、富有机质(TOC>2%)且高含气(单井页岩气产量达到7.6×10~4 m~3/d)的陆相页岩,页岩中碳酸盐矿物主要以纹层形式存在,可分为生物碎屑纹层、泥晶方解石纹层和亮晶方解石纹层3种类型.沙河子组富含碳酸盐矿物的页岩主要形成于半深湖—深湖相咸化分层还原的水体环境,不同类型的碳酸盐纹层形成作用具有差异.生物碎屑型碳酸盐是沉积湖底的生物壳体在成岩初期经方解石化作用形成的,纹层状生物碎屑型碳酸盐主要形成于深水稳定咸化还原的水体环境;泥晶方解石纹层是受藻类等生物光合作用诱导结晶形成,主要形成于封闭咸化高生产力强还原的环境,与有机质...     

松辽盆地东南缘层序地层与沉积充填响应——以梨树断陷西北部沙河子组地层为例

为认识松辽盆地梨树断陷沙河子组层序地层与沉积体系充填类型,利用钻井、地震等资料,分析该区东南缘西丁家地区沙河子组三级层序地层划分与沉积充填特征.结果表明:通过SB1、SB2和SB3层序界面识别,沙河子组地层由下至上分为SQ1和SQ2两套三级层序.三级层序内部分为低位、湖侵和高位体系域,低位体系域的堆积方式主要表现为进积,湖侵体系域的堆积方式主要表现为退积,高位体系域的堆积方式主要表现为进积和加积.该区沉积相类型主要包括扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和湖泊相,其中扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲相为主要沉积相类型.扇三角洲相发育在陡坡带的下降盘,受强烈沉降作用控制明显;辫状河三角洲相发育在以长轴物源为特征的缓坡带,层序发育、构造演化与沉积充填响应具有同步性.该研究结果为寻找松辽盆地东南缘深层洼陷带隐蔽油气藏、确定有利勘探方向提供依据.     

松辽盆地北部西部斜坡姚家组四级层序格架沉积微相分布

根据测井、录井、地震、岩心和古生物资料,运用层序地层学、沉积岩石学理论,建立松辽盆地北部西斜坡姚家组层序格架,分析四级层序格架沉积微相的分布和沉积体系的组合类型.结果表明:松辽盆地北部西斜坡姚家组划分为2个四级层序(Cp1-s3、Cs2),其中四级层序Cp1-s3划分为四级湖泊扩张体系域(Ep1)和四级湖泊萎缩体系域(Ss3);四级层序Cs2只发育四级湖泊扩张体系域(Es2).自下而上,Ep1地层分布范围最小,尖灭线位于西斜坡的东部;Ss3地层分布范围增大,尖灭线位于西斜坡的中部;Es2尖灭线继续向西推进,地层分布范围达到最大.剖面上,三级和各四级层序界面附近以富砂的下切谷充填、三角洲前缘和滨浅湖砂质滩坝为主;富泥的滨浅湖混合滩微相在四级层序最大湖泛面附近最为发育.平面上,姚家组沉积初期,湖岸线在西部斜坡区东部波动,物源供给充足,沉积相以三角洲相为主;至姚家组沉积末期,湖岸线向斜坡西侧大规模推移,发育下切谷充填—三角洲—湖泊沉积分布格局.不同的四级层序体系域的沉积微相分布有明显的差异性和一定的继承性.     

梨树断陷西丁家地区沙河子组—营城组沉积体系及演化过程研究

根据岩心、测录井、地震以及分析化验资料,运用沉积学原理和方法,对西丁家地区沙河子组—营城组时期沉积相和沉积体系进行综合研究。研究表明该区域在早白垩世主要发育湖泊、辫状河三角洲相等四大类沉积相及其亚相和微相。结合研究区＂西断东超＂型箕状断陷的构造演化特征,在沉积相认识的基础上组合出两大类沉积体系：从沙河子组沉积期至营城组沉积期,北部斜坡带由扇三角洲—水下扇沉积体系演化为辫状河三角洲—湖泊沉积体系;西部断阶带主要发育扇三角洲—水下扇沉积体系。     

辽河西部凹陷欢喜岭地区沙河街组沉积特征及其演化

在充分利用岩芯、录井、测井等相关资料的基础上,总结辽河西部凹陷欢喜岭地区沙河街组的沉积相类型,首次提出运用相对单因素综合作图法来绘制各沉积时期的沉积相平面图,综合探讨了沙河街组的沉积特征及空间沉积演化规律。结果表明:欢喜岭地区沙河街组主要发育扇三角洲相、湖底扇相、滨浅湖相和半深湖—深湖相4种沉积相类型;扇三角洲砂体为欢喜岭地区主要的储集砂体,在沙河街组沉积时期持续发育,主要发育于盆地缓坡部位;湖底扇主要发育在SQ3和SQ4沉积时期,主要分布在广阔的半深湖—深湖环境内;相对单因素综合作图法可以弥补传统的沉积相作图方法精度低的不足;沙河街组的沉积相垂向演化的旋回性明显,自下而上分为两个水进旋回,分别为SQ2～SQ5沉积时期和SQ6、SQ7沉积时期;每个水进旋回初期,盆地构造活动相对较弱,水体较浅,扇三角洲沉积广泛发育,湖底扇沉积规模较小;每个水进旋回中后期,盆地构造活动强度大,湖盆水体加深,扇三角洲规模减小,而湖底扇沉积规模明显扩大,形成非常有利的储集砂体,在研究区广泛发育,是研究区深层勘探的有利目标之一。     

松辽盆地北部泰康地区萨尔图油层二、三砂组沉积微相特征

根据地震、测井、录井和岩心资料,应用沉积学和地震地层学的原理和方法,查明了泰康地区萨尔图油层二、三砂组沉积微相特征.结果表明,泰康地区萨尔图油层二、三砂组发育的沉积微相类型主要为滨浅湖泥滩沉积微相、三角洲前缘河口坝、远砂坝微相和浅湖重力流成因的湖底扇沉积.在平面上可分为东西2个相带,西部为三角洲相,由北面的曲流河三角洲和南面的辫状河三角洲组成;而东部为湖泊相,湖泊相主要发育泥岩,其中也发育大量重力流沉积体,三角洲砂体和重力流砂体大面积发育,储集条件好,另外还可形成岩性圈闭.     

基于NMR和SEM技术研究陆相页岩孔隙结构与分形维数特征——以松辽盆地长岭断陷沙河子组页岩为例

为了表征陆相页岩的孔隙结构和分形特征,选取松辽盆地长岭断陷沙河子组陆相页岩作为研究对象,通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电镜(SEM)图像分析、核磁共振(NMR)实验,运用分形维数理论,讨论NMR分形维数与矿物组成、地球化学参数、物性参数之间的相互关系,并且通过SEM图像提取技术定量化研究页岩储层孔隙特征。结果表明:沙河子组陆相页岩具有多种孔隙类型、孔径分布复杂、非均质性较强的特点。基于弛豫时间截止值,可将NMR分形维数划分为束缚流体孔隙分形维数(0.060 9～1.420 4)和可动流体孔隙分形维数(2.964 0～2.986 9)。矿物组成与分形维数的关系显示石英含量与束缚流体孔隙分形维数成负相关关系,黏土矿物含量与束缚流体孔隙分形维数成正相关关系; NMR分形维数与有机质含量呈线性相关,与成熟度不存在明显相关性; 这说明矿物组成和有机质含量对NMR分形维数起明显的控制作用。储层物性方面,NMR分形维数与孔隙率成线性负相关关系,而与渗透率成正相关关系,说明NMR分形维数能够作为衡量物性的重要指标。总体来说,SEM图像分形维数可以用来反映孔隙形态的多样性和页岩孔隙的发育程度; NMR分形维数与储层物性之间的关系可用于评价页岩储层质量。     

Tectono-paleogeographic study of the Early Cretaceous in the Songliao Basin

Based on first-hand material from the geological exploration of petroleum, we made a detailed study of the tectonic development in the Early Cretaceous and the distribution of basement rifts in the Songliao Basin. The sedimentary characteristics of this epoch and the tectono-paleogeography of the basin were expounded. The results show that in its early stages, the Songliao Basin was characterized by a detached faulted basin in which mainly lake facies developed among mountains. It became gradually one lake during the late stages of the Early Cretaceous. During this period, the fault activity in the Songliao Basin changed from a turbulent to a quiet development, the water area from small separated lakes to one large lake, in which the sedimentary facies were divided into asymmetric eastern and western parts. In the basin a volcanic clastic rock-alluvial fan system developed and a fan delta-lake-small delta-river system was mainly deposited. Our research also shows that the basement rifts not only controlled the distribution of fault depressions and the tectonic development in the Early Cretaceous, but had also an effect on the orientation of sedimentation, source area and fiver system, which determine the tectonopaleogeography of the Early Cretaceous.     

松辽盆地北部深井井身结构分析

井身结构设计是钻井作业能否成功的关键,对特殊工艺井尤为重要,并直接影响到钻井速度和钻井成本.介绍了国内外深井、超深井套管和钻头系列,结合松辽盆地北部深层钻井地质特点,给出了松辽盆地北部深层钻井使用的井身结构、设计的依据和应用效果,并对井身结构设计提出了几点建议,以提高松辽盆地北部深井钻井速度,满足勘探开发需求的目的.     

松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段砂岩成岩序列及孔隙演化特征

通过岩芯观察、镜下薄片、扫描电镜和X衍射分析等资料,对松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段砂岩的岩石学特征、成岩作用类型、成岩阶段划分和成岩共生序列及孔隙演化特征进行了研究。结果表明:龙西地区泉四段主要为长石质岩屑砂岩,局部为岩屑质长石砂岩;经历的主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、自生石英胶结作用、自生黏土矿物胶结作用、碳酸盐胶结作用、交代和溶蚀作用等;龙西地区泉四段砂岩为中成岩阶段A期,且细分为A1和A2亚期;随着成岩演化,压实和胶结作用使得原生孔隙减小,而溶蚀作用使得储层孔隙结构得到改善;孔隙类型由缩小粒间孔组成变为由缩小粒间孔和溶蚀粒间孔组合组成。     

松辽盆地北部扶杨地层水地球化学特征研究

本文通过松辽盆地北部地层水的水化学分析资料，研究了盆地北部扶余、杨大城子地层水的物理化学性质、组成特征、成因类型，探讨了盆地北部水化学场平面分区和纵向分带及其油气分布的关系。     

松辽盆地地壳热结构与深部热源条件

松辽盆地是中国中低温地热能的重点地热资源区。利用最新地震成像资料,结合重、磁、地热观测数据及盆地构造演化与地幔热流关系,计算分析了松辽盆地深、浅地层热量配分比例,莫霍面与居里面深度,盆地生热率结构。结果表明:①松辽盆地浅部地壳的地温场以传导传热为主; ②盆地中心莫霍面上隆,但上地幔热流处于衰减回落状态,上地幔供热不足导致莫霍面温度相对周缘要低; ③盆地中心居里面较深,与上地幔热松弛相关; 居里面之上,受花岗岩较高放射性生热率影响,地温梯度较高; 居里面之下,受地幔热流衰减回落影响,地温梯度下降。综上所述,中央坳陷区上地幔处于热流衰减的热松弛阶段,其对地表热流贡献小于上地壳放射性生热对地表热流的贡献,松辽盆地中部地表热异常成因主要是地壳上部的花岗岩放射性生热。     

Noble gas constraints on hydrocarbon accumulation and groundwater flow in the central area of Western Sichuan Basin

The noble gas concentrations and isotope ratios of seven natural gas samples from the central area of the Western Sichuan Basin were measured. The samples all have 40Ar/36Ar ratios greater than the atmospheric values, and the 3He/4He ratios (R/Ra) are entirely consistent with the crustal radiogenic He values. The vertical variation of the calculated CH4/36Ar ratios with depth clearly indicates that the CH4and 36Ar are intimately associated, indicating a common reservoir intermediate to the sampled reservoirs, where they are well mixed and stored together prior to entrapment into gas reservoirs. Meanwhile, the calculated CH4/36Ar ratios range between 8×106 and 64×106 very much greater than the CH4/36Ar values for pure water and 5 mol/L NaCI brine at low temperature and hydrostatic conditions, reflecting the presence of "excess" thermogenic CH4 over that supplied by a CH4-saturated groundwater at low temperature, and the excess CH4 saturation and dissolution to be at depth greater than the sampled reserv     

Reservoir characteristics of Donghe well No.1 in Tarim Basin

Based on the techniques of X-ray diffraction analysis, identification of the thin sections of core cast, physical analysis and scanning electron microscopy analysis, this paper studied the reservoir characteristics of the Carboniferous strata in Donghe well No.1 of Tarim region. The results show that the reservoir lithology is mainly the fine-grained quartz sandstone with ferrocalcite and pyrite, mud cement-based, the permeability concentrated in 5–40 × 10–3 μm², a small part of the high permeability up to 150–327 × 10⁻³ μm² and porosity ranged from 10% to 20%. The most part of the reservoirs is low permeability with a small part of the layer in moderate-high permeability. The types of reservoir space include intergranular pores, intra particle-molding pores, micro-pores and cracks, which mainly are intergranular pores with the pore diameter of 15–200 μm, 95.5 μm on average. And the types of the throats are complex with the main type of constricted throats in this area and large contribution to the permeability.     

西汉蜀郡赋家赋作考

西汉时期,蜀郡出现了司马相如、王褒、扬雄等著名赋家。但由于历史原因,这些赋家的赋作遗佚较多。根据已有的历史文献,结合一些学者的研究成果,对这些赋家一些赋作的真伪、内容、创作时间等诸多方面做了考证。     

An rescaled range analysis on the characteristics of coal seam development in the Eastern depression of the Liaohe Basin

The characteristics of coal seam development, and the prospects of a favorable coal-forming area, were evaluated for the Liaohe Basin located in China. The Number 3 and Number 9 coal seam thickness series from 60 nearly equally spaced bores in the Eastern depression of the Liaohe Basin were examined by a rescaled range analysis. The results indicate that the Hurst exponents of the Number 3 and Number 9 coal seam thickness series are 0.69 and 0.68, respectively. This suggests the presence of persistence. As the bore spacing increases the Hurst exponent of the Number 3 series gradually decreases (H changes from 0.69 to 0.52) and shifts from persistence to randomness. The Hurst exponent of the Number 9 thickness data gradually increases (H changes from 0.68 to 0.91) and always shows the characteristic of persistence. A combination of geological characteristics and the series data allow the conclusion that it is more suitable for the Number 9 coal seam to form in the Northeastern part of the Eastern depression than the Number 3 coal seam.     

莺歌海盆地莺歌海组二段泥岩盖层封闭性综合评价

通过实测莺歌海盆地莺歌海组二段泥岩盖层的排替压力,建立了盖层排替压力与声波时差的线性关系,进而提出了利用声波时差及地震速度资料求取排替压力的方法。接着,利用测井声波时差和地震速度资料,按等效深度法确定莺歌海组二段下部泥岩盖层的超压分布。综合考虑盖层累计厚度、排替压力、剩余压力、气藏内部压力、断裂对盖层破坏程度和天然气本身性质(比如流动黏度),提出了盖层封闭能力综合评价指数,并据此对莺歌海组二段泥岩盖层综合封闭能力进行评价。结果表明:莺歌海组二段泥岩盖层封闭能力强的地区分布在乐东区大部、临高区南部及东方区东部到一号断裂之间的地区,一号断裂南段、东方区东部和北部地区则为盖层封闭能力较强的地区,研究区边部由于地层上倾出露地表,盖层封闭能力逐渐减弱。莺歌海组二段泥岩盖层封闭能力中等及以上地区可作为天然气的有效盖层;由现有气藏分布可知,莺歌海组二段泥岩盖层封盖能力良好,中深层的天然气保存条件优越。