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Marzieh Amanabadi Hossein Bahmanyar Zohreh Zarkeshan Mohamad Ali Mousavian 《中国化学工程学报》2009,17(3):366-372
A rotating disc column (RDC) with inner diameter 68 mm and 28 compartments is used in this study. Parameters including Sauter mean diameter, hold-up and mass transfer coefficient are measured experimentally under different operating conditions. The correlations in literature for molecular diffusion and enhancement factor equation including eddy diffusion, circulation and oscillation of drops are evaluated. A new equation for the effective diffusion coefficient as a function of Reynolds number is proposed. The calculated values of mass transfer co-efficient and column height from the previous equations and present equation are compared with the experimental data. The results from the present equation are in very good agreement with the experimental results, which may be used in designing RDC columns. 相似文献
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The flow fields surrounding two parallel moving bubbles rising from two identical orifices submerged in non-Newtonian fluid of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution of three different mass concentration were measured experimentally by the use of particle image velocimetry (PIV). The influences of gas flowrate, solution mass concentration, orifice interval and the angle between two bubble centers line and vertical direction on the flow field surrounding bubbles were discussed respectively by analyzing the velocity vector, velocity contours as well as individual velocity components. The results show that the liquid velocity both in front of two bubbles and behind increases with gas flowrate duo to shear-thinning effect of previous bubbles, whereas decreases with the increase of CMC concentration due to the increase of drag force acting on bubbles. The effect of the orifice interval on the flow field around two moving bubbles becomes gradually obvious as the interval becomes closer. Moreover, two adjacent side-by-side bubbles repulse each other during rising, leading to the practical interval between them increased somewhat above the orifice interval. When the distance between bubbles is less than the orifice interval l0 mm, the interaction between two neighboring bubbles changed from mutual repellence to attraction with the decrease of the angle of the line of linking two bubble centers to the vertical direction. 相似文献
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Numerical solution of yield viscoplastic fluid flow is hindered by the singularity inherent to the Herschel-Bulkley model.A finite difference method over the boundary-fitted orthogonal coordinate system is util-ized to investigate numerically the fully developed steady flow of non-Newtonian yield viscoplastic fluid through concentric and eccentric annuli.The fluid rheology is described with the Herschel-Bulkley model.The numerical simulation based on a continuous viscoplastic approach to the Herschel-Bulkley model is found in poor accordance with the experimental data on volumetric flow rate of a bentonite suspension.A strict mathematical model for Herschel-Bulkley fluid flow is established and the corresponding numerical procedures are proposed.However,only the case of flow of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid in a concentric annulus is resolved based on the presumed flow structure by using the common optimization technique.Possible flow structures in an eccentric annulus are pre-sumed,and further challenges in numerical simulation of the Herschel-Bulkley fluid flow are suggested. 相似文献
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A piston-cylinder apparatus was established to measure the solubility and diffusivity of air in dimethyl silicone oils and in hydraulic oils based on the PVT state equation of air and the solution of unsteady one-dimensional diffusion equation. The measured diffusivity-temperature relation can be well fitted by the Arrhenius equation for engineering applications. The correlation between the solute diffusivity D and solvent viscosity 61549; is examined. In terms of Eyring’s activation theory, the activation in the air-silicone-oil diffusion process is quite different from that in the momentum transport of the silicone oil: the activation entropy of the former is positive while that of latter is negative. However, the activation enthalpies of the two processes are in the same order of magnitude, which leads to the observation that D61549;/T is roughly constant. 相似文献
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The recovery or capture of one or more components from gas mixture by membrane separation has become a research focus in recent years. This study investigates the gas-membrane solution equilibrium, for which Henry’s law is not applicable if the gas phase is a mixture. This problem can be solved by using UNIQUAC model to calculate the activity coefficient of gas dissolved in the membrane. A method was proposed in this study to obtain the gas-membrane interaction parameter for UNIQUAC model. By the experiments of gas permeation through polydimethylsiloxane PDMS membrane, the solubility coefficients of some gases (N2, CO2, CH4) were measured. Through non-linear fitting UNIQUAC model to the experimental results from this study and in literature (H2, O2, C3H8), the gas-membrane interaction parameters for these gases were obtained. Based on these parameters, the activity coefficients of the dissolved gas were calculated by UNIQUAC model, and their values agree well with the experimental data. These results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, which makes it possible to better predict gas-membrane solution equilibrium. 相似文献
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A non-isothermal injection molding process for a non-Newtonian viscous pseudoplastic fluid is simulated. A conservative interface capturing technique and the flow field solving method are coupled to perform a dynamic simulation. The validity of the numerical method is verified by a benchmark problem. The melt interface evolution versus time is captured and the physical quantities such as temperature, velocity and pressure at each time step are obtained with corresponding analysis. A “frozen skin” layer with the thickness increasing versus time during the injection process is found. The fact that the “frozen skin” layer can be reduced by increasing the injection velocity is numerically verified. The fountain flow phenomenon near the melt interface is also captured. Moreover, comparisons with the non-isothermal Newtonian case show that the curvatures of the interface arcs and the pressure con-tours near the horizontal mid-line of the cavity for the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic case is larger than that for the Newtonian case. The velocity profiles are different at different positions for the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic case, while in the case of Newtonian flow the velocity profiles are parabolic and almost the same at different positions. 相似文献
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The adsorption of dibenzofuran (DBF) on three commercial granular activated carbons (GAC) was investigated to correlate the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics with the morphological characteristics of activated carbons. Breakthrough experiment was conducted to determine the isotherm and kinetics of dibenzofuran on the activated carbons. All-the experiment runs were performed in a fixed bed with a process temperature of 368 K. The effects of adsorbent morphological properties on the kinetics of the adsorption process were studied. The equilibrium data are found satisfactory fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. An intraparticle diffusion model based on the obtained Langmuir isotherm was'developed for predicting the fixed bed adsorption of dibenzofuran. The result indicated that this model fit all the breakthrough curves well. The surface diffusion coefficients of dibenzofuran on the activated carbon are calculated, and a relationship with the microporosity is found. As it was expected, the dibenzofuran molecule finds more kinetic restrictions for the diffusion in those carbons with narrower pore diameter. 相似文献
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Shuyan Wang Baoli Shao Rui Liu Jian Zhao Yang Liu Yikun Liu Shuren Yang 《中国化学工程学报》2015,23(10):1579-1586
Flowbehavior of gas and particles in conical spouted beds is experimentally studied and simulated using the twofluid gas-solid model with the kinetic theory of granular flow. The bed pressure drop and fountain height are measured in a conical spouted bed of 100mmI.D. at different gas velocities. The simulation results are compared with measurements of bed pressure drop and fountain height. The comparison shows that the drag coefficient model used in cylindrical beds under-predicted bed pressure drop and fountain height in conical spouted beds due to the partial weight of particles supported by the inclined side walls. It is found that the numerical results using the drag coefficient model proposed based on the conical spouted bed in this study are in good agreement with experimental data. The present study provides a useful basis for further works on the CFD simulation of conical spouted bed. 相似文献
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The phenomenon of direct-contact condensation,used in steam driven jet injectors,nuclear reactor emergency core cooling systems and direct-contact heat exchangers,was investigated computationally by introducing a thermal equilibrium model for direct-contact condensation of steam in subcooled water.The condensation model presented was a two resistance model which takes care of the heat transfer process on both sides of the interface and uses a variable steam bubble diameter.The injection of supersonic steam jet in subcooled water tank was simulated using the Euler-Euler multiphase flow model of Fluent 6.3 code with the condensation model incorporated. The findings of the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations were compared with the published experimental data and fairly good agreement was observed between the two,thus validating the condensation model.The results of CFD simulations for dimensionless penetration length of steam plume varies from 2.73-7.33,while the condensation heat transfer coefficient varies from 0.75-0.917 MW·(m 2 ·K) -1 for water temperature in the range of 293-343 K. 相似文献
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The amino acids are necessarily nutritious components, their diffusions in body fluid and blood that belong to typical non-Newtonian fluid are of virtual importance to control the diffusive process and help clinical treatment. In this article, a holographic interferometer has been adopted to measure the diffusivity of amino acids in non-Newtonian fluid with the use of real-time holographic interference technique. In order to prove the reliability of the experimental instrument, the diffusivities of sucrose aqueous solution at 298.15K were determined. The meas- ured result displays a satisfactory accuracy of the apparatus used. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficients of glynine, L-serine, L-threonine and L-valine in polyacrylamide (PAM) aqueous solution at 298.15K were measured, respec- tively. The experimental data were fitted by a newly proposed correlation equation based on Li's predictive model. The calculating results by the present model are at considerably good agreement with experimental values, and the maximum average deviation is only 0.5%. 相似文献
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There are still limited experimental data of liquid diffusion coefficients in literature. Therefore, the experimental investigation and prediction model are of practical and theoretical significance. The diffusion coefficients of L-serine, L-threonine, L-arginine, in aqueous solution at 298. 15 K were measured respectively by holographic interferometer. The affecting factors of molecular structure and polarity were analyzed and discussed. Finally, a modified semi-empirical model for correlating the diffusion coefficients of solid organic compounds in aqueous solutions at 298. 15 K was proposed with an adjustable parameter added. The average deviation between model prediction values and experimental ones is less than 0.2%, which shows a considerably satisfactory accuracy. 相似文献
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以拟塑性羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)水溶液作为非牛顿流体,对在线上升气泡的聚并规律进行了研究。利用光电信号采集系统测定了不同高度的气泡聚并分布规律,分析了气体速度及流体性质等因素对聚并规律的影响。结果表明,在测量高度和实验气速范围内,随着高度升高,在高气速下,气泡聚并率减小,在低气速下,则先增大后减小。2种情况下,达到一定高度后均趋于恒定;在一定高度下,达到一定气速后,气泡聚并率变化较小;中低气速下,聚并率随CMC质量分数增大而减小,而在高气速下,CMC质量分数变化对聚并率影响较小。 相似文献
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利用一种非牛顿流体黏度修正模型描述水力旋流器内高浓度矿浆的非牛顿流动特性,并结合雷诺应力模型(RSM)、混合多相流模型(Mixture)以及拉格朗日颗粒追踪模型(LPT)建立了一种适用于模拟水力旋流器内非牛顿流体多相流场的数学模型。模拟结果与报道的实验值的相对误差均在10%以内,表明了该模型的可靠性。结果表明,非牛顿流体黏度的空间分布与矿浆密度的空间分布类似。沿零轴速包络面(LZVV)的轮廓存在一个高密度环,其原因为某粒径范围内的颗粒受到的径向合力为零,颗粒群沿LZVV做高速旋转运动。分散相的空间分布取决于不同粒径的颗粒受力。对于不同粒径的单位质量颗粒,向外离心力的数值大约为向内压力梯度力的两倍左右,使得大颗粒进入下行流并在底流口收集。随着颗粒粒径的减小,总体向内且具有波动性的流体曳力呈指数增长。向内的流体曳力将部分颗粒推向轴心,经上行流逃逸,同时也增强了颗粒运动的随机性。当颗粒粒径小于一定值后,流体曳力远远大于离心力和压力梯度力,颗粒运动的随机性非常强,宏观表现为均匀分布。 相似文献
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搅拌槽内非牛顿流体的微观混合特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在直径为0·476m的搅拌槽内,分别选用三窄叶翼型搅拌桨和标准六直叶涡轮搅拌桨,采用羟乙基纤维素(HEC)水溶液非牛顿流体作为工作体系,以改进的硫酸铜沉降反应与氯乙酸乙酯水解反应的平行竞争反应作为研究微观混合的反应工作体系,在质量分数为0·1%~0·5%的HEC水溶液中,排除硫酸铜副反应的影响,利用铜离子质量浓度与可见光吸光度的线性关系,考察了进料时间、搅拌转速、溶液黏度、流体的非牛顿性以及搅拌桨类型等因素对副产物收率(XQ)的影响规律。结果表明,当进料时间超过临界进料时间3500s后,X_Q不再改变;随着搅拌转速的增加,X_Q减小,但其减小的趋势逐渐变缓;在相同转速下,X_Q随着流体黏度的增加而增加,但增加的趋势有所减缓;对于黏性流体不能仅仅采用雷诺数作为放大准则;在相同的能量耗散速率及桨叶区进料的情况下,Damkohler准数较大的标准六直叶涡轮搅拌桨的X_Q较小。 相似文献
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气泡生成过程中气液传质是气液接触设备的设计、优化的重要参考指标。以二氧化碳气泡在羧甲基纤维素钠(carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC)溶液中生成过程中的传质为研究对象,分别考察了气速、CMC溶液浓度、针头直径对气泡生成过程气液传质的影响,采用具有CCD显微相机的动态接触角分析仪测量了气泡形状、表面积和体积的变化,进而获得气泡生成过程气液传质系数kl。实验结果表明,CMC浓度从0.2%增加到0.8%,黏度逐渐增大,传质系数随CMC浓度的增大而增大;针头直径从2.5 mm增加到4 mm,传质系数也随之增大;气速从1 ml·min-1增加到9 ml·min-1,传质系数也逐渐增大。 相似文献