UASB与ABR工艺处理印染废水中试实验研究

对上流式厌氧反应器(UASB)和折流式厌氧反应器(ABR)处理难降解印染废水进行中试研究。结果表明:在厌氧反应器最佳水力停留时间为24 h条件下,UASB和ABR稳定运行2个多月,在进水COD质量浓度波动较大的情况下(ρmax=1 020.0 mg/L,ρmin=593.6 mg/L,ρ均=755.4 mg/L),UASB和ABR出水平均COD质量浓度分别为409.3 mg/L和420.9 mg/L,平均去除率分别为45.5%和43.9%。两种厌氧反应器对色度去除效果较佳,进水平均色度342倍,出水平均色度分别78倍和80倍,平均去除率分别为77.2%和76.6%。印染废水B/C由0.29分别提高到0.46和0.43,废水可生化性明显改善,UASB较ABR效果好。     

ABR-UBF-CASS工艺处理肌苷制药废水

肌苷制药废水属于高浓度有机废水,采用ABR-UBF-CASS工艺对其进行处理,运行结果表明:在进水CODCr为2 300～6 400 mg/L的情况下,缓慢增加ABR、UBF和CASS反应器容积负荷,运行三个月,出水CODCr在300 mg/L以下,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)二级标准.     

高氨氮废水低溶解氧条件下亚硝化试验研究

在进水氨氮浓度为 85 6mg/L ,低溶解氧浓度下迅速启动并运行了亚硝化反应器 ,考察了反应器中氨氮的氧化和亚硝酸氮的积累情况。试验结果表明 :在其他工况不变的条件下长期运行 ,DO浓度对氨的氧化和亚硝酸积累具有显著影响。当DO在 0 2mg/L以上时 ,亚硝酸氮能够在反应器中完全稳定地积累 ;当DO小于 0 2mg/L时 ,氨氮的氧化作用显著下降 ;当DO增加到 1 5mg/L以上时 ,氨氮的氧化作用明显改善 ,反应器具有很好的抗DO变化的能力。反应器在高氨氮浓度和低DO条件下长期运行 ,可以完全抑制亚硝酸氧化菌 ,反应器中已经培养出较纯的氨氧化细菌     

林可霉素高浓度有机废水处理技术

采用厌氧颗粒和好氧活性污泥分别对内循环厌氧反应器(IC)和间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)进行污泥接种培养,研究水解酸化-IC-SBR工艺在林可霉素生产废水处理方面的运行效果。结果表明:在进水COD的质量浓度为6 000~9 000 mg/L,IC和SBR反应器中有机负荷分别为0.82 kg/(kg.d)和0.26 kg/(kg.d)左右的情况下,IC和SBR反应器分别运行60 d和7 d,COD平均去除率分别达到91%和61%,出水COD的质量浓度在300 mg/L以下,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

两相厌氧-好氧工艺处理白酒厂淘洗废水

采用两相厌氧 好氧工艺 ,即在厌氧接触池投入塑料环 ,后接自行研制开发的厌氧挡板反应器 (内设 2 0 μm沸石载体 ) ,再接SBR反应池处理白酒厂淘洗生产废水。重点介绍了该废水处理工程的设计特点和运行效果。运行结果表明处理效果十分稳定 ,进水COD在 30 0 0mg/L左右 ,出水均在 10 0mg/L以下 ,并对调试运行中出现的问题进行了讨论。     

ABR处理淀粉废水的反应规律研究

研究了厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)启动阶段在不同的水力条件和容积负荷下,对有机负荷为1.2～3.6kgCODCr/(m3·d)淀粉溶液的CODCr去除率,以及ABR工艺运行过程中的影响因素进行分析。初步研究结果表明,在启动阶段中低负荷反应条件下①HRT12h、CODCr600mg/L、容积负荷1.2kgCODCr/(m3·d);②HRT12h、CODCr1200mg/L、容积负荷2.4kgCODCr/(m3·d);③HRT8h、CODCr1200mg/L、容积负荷3.6kgCODCr/(m3·d),ABR反应器对CODCr均有较高的去除率。运行稳定后,ABR反应器的CODCr去除率在80%左右,扫描电镜检测结果表明各隔室中的微生物以球菌为主。研究表明ABR工艺是一种运行稳定、高效率的有机废水处理技术。     

天津大学游泳馆中水回用工程的调试与运行

介绍了规模500m3/d的生物接触氧化池—浸没式膜生物反应器处理洗浴废水的中水回用工程的设计参数、调试和运行情况,分析探讨了工程运行中出现的一些问题。检测数据表明,该工艺运行稳定可靠,出水稳定,出水CODCr<50mg/L、NH3—N<2mg/L、LAS<1mg/L,且无色无味、检测不到SS,符合《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T18921—2002)要求。     

研究生论文摘要

浸没式膜 SBR反应器处理焦化废水研究研究生 :耿　炎　导师 :周　琪(同济大学环境科学与工程学院　 2 0 0 0 92 )采用浸没式膜 SBR反应器处理焦化废水 ,系统研究了反应器对有机物和氮的去除效率 ,对比了缺氧 好氧和缺氧 好氧 缺氧工艺的运行效果 ,通过投加粉末活性炭 (PAC) ,研究了对膜阻力控制的影响。试验结果表明膜生物反应器的出水水质优于传统工艺。当进水浓度为 90 0mg/L ,容积负荷为 6 5 0kg/ (m3 ·d)时 ,COD去除率为 86 % ,出水小于 1 0 0mg/L。采用缺氧 好氧工艺 ,有机物大部分在好氧段去除 ,缺氧、好氧段COD去除率分别为 …     

溶解氧浓度对硅藻土移动床复合生物反应器处理城市污水的影响

利用硅藻土移动床复合生物反应器处理城市污水。以复配硅藻土作为微生物的载体,在连续流小试中,考察溶解氧浓度对反应器处理城市污水效果的影响。当溶解氧浓度为1.85～2.38 mg/L时,处理出水TN为13～16mg/L,满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级B标准,其他出水指标如COD_(Cr)为12～22mg/L,NH_3—N为0.5～2.6mg/L;出水TP为0.2～0.9mg/L,都满足GB 18918—2002一级A标准。表明该反应器在中小规模污水处理方面是一个有前途的污水处理工艺单元。     

SBBR反应器处理粪便污水厌氧出水脱氮效能研究

针对粪便污水厌氧出水高氨低碳(BOD/TN=1)的特点,采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理该废水,考察了负荷、NH3-N等对其处理效能的影响;并探讨了低碳源及低温条件下提高反应器脱氮效能的措施.试验结果表明:当水温≥20℃,挂膜密度为30%,有机负荷为0.8 kg CODCr/(m3·d),NH3-N负荷为0.17 kg NH3-N/(m3·d)时,在SBBR反应器中实现了高效的同步硝化反硝化脱氮,使进水CODCr为2 600 mg/L,BODs为500～600 mg/L,NH3-N为500～600 mg/L的污水,出水NH3-N为7.2 mg/L,TN为99 mg/L,NH3-N去除率＞98%,TN去除率＞80%.当反应器中NH3-N≥200 mg/L时,将对自养微生物产生明显的抑制作用.在SBBR反应器进水中接入8%的粪便污水,解决了脱氮过程碳源不足的问题.在低温条件下,通过将反应器的挂膜密度提高至45%,可使TN去除率由84.3%提高至93.4%.     

Fe3+对活性污泥系统的影响

通过小试研究了微量Fe3+对活性污泥系统的影响.将浓度为3 mg/L,5 mg/L,10 mg/L,20 mg/L,30 mg/L,50 mg/L和80 mg/L的Fe3+分别投加到活性污泥系统中,反应4 h后测定系统出水COD、活性污泥的SVI、脱氢酶活性及其EPS组分.结果表明,Fe3+浓度小于50 mg/L时对活性污泥的脱氢酶活性具有促进作用,浓度为10 mg/L时促进作用最强;Fe3+浓度在80 mg/L以下均具有良好的絮凝作用,浓度在30 mg/L以下时絮凝作用最强.两种作用的共同结果影响系统对COD的去除效果.对活性污泥EPS组分的测定表明,Fe3+的絮凝作用对SVI的影响是主要的.     

Biological wastewater treatment by a bioreactor with repeated coupling of aerobes and anaerobes aiming at on-site reduction of excess sludge.

Activated sludge has been widely used in wastewater treatment throughout the world. However, the biggest disadvantage of this method is the by-production of excess sludge in a large amount, resulting in difficulties in operation and high costs for wastewater treatment. Technological innovations for wastewater treatment capable of reducing excess sludge have thus become research topics of interest in recent years. In our present research, we developed a new biological wastewater treatment process by repeated coupling of aerobes and anaerobes (rCAA) to reduce the excess sludge during the treatment of wastewater. During 460-day continuous running, COD (300-700 mg/L) and TOC (100-350 mg/L) were effectively removed, of which the removal rate was above 80 and 90%, respectively. SS in the effluent was 13 mg/L on average in the rCAA bioreactor without a settling tank. The on-site reduction of the excess sludge in the rCAA might be contributed by several mechanisms. The degradation of the grown aerobes after moving into the anaerobic regions was considered to be one of the most important factors. Besides, the repeatedly coupling of aerobes and anaerobes could also result in a complex microbial community with more metazoans and decoupling of the microbial anabolism and catabolism.     

Kraft mill sludge to improve vegetal production in Chilean Andisol.

The effect of kraft mill sludge addition (25 to 75 ton/ha) to soil derived from volcanic ashes (Andisol) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.cv. Puken) biomass production, and in the nutrient absorption by the plants was evaluated. Respiration activity and seed germination tests were carried out on the soil/sludge mixtures, in order to evaluate possible toxic effects due to the sludge addition to the soil. Soil without sludge was used as a control treatment. The plants were grown in a greenhouse (25 degrees C, 14 h-photoperiod) during 120 days, then the plants were collected and dried at 65 degrees C for 72 h for the determination of biomass production (root and aerial) and analyzed for mineral content (Ca, Mg, K and P). The mixtures of soil/sludge showed no toxicity. Seed germination and respiration activity increased with the increment of the sludge. The accumulated CO2 in the soil without sludge was 41.66 mg CO2/100; this value shows a low microbial activity. The biomass increased with the increment of sludge addition to the soil and five times more biomass was obtained when 75 ton/ha sludge was added to the soil. The nutrient absorption efficiency was also improved with the sludge addition.     

Energy saving system with high effluent quality for municipal sewage treatment by UASB-DHS

An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) - down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) was applied to Japanese municipal sewage treatment, and its treatability, energy consumption, and sludge production were evaluated. The designed sewage load was 50 m(3)/d. The sewage typically had a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 402 mg/L, a suspended solids (SS) content of 167 mg/L, and a temperature of 17-29 °C. The UASB and DHS exhibited theoretical hydraulic retention times of 9.7 and 2.5 h, respectively. The entire system was operated without temperature control. Operation was started with mesophilic anaerobic digested sludge for the UASB and various sponge media for the DHS. Continuous operational data suggest that although the cellulose decomposition and methanogenic process in the UASB are temperature sensitive, stable operation can be obtained by maintaining a satisfactory sludge volume index and sludge concentration. For the DHS, the cube-type medium G3-2 offers superior filling rates, biological preservation and operational execution. The SS derived from the DHS contaminated the effluent but could be removed by optional sand filtration. A comparison with conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatment confirmed that this system is adequate for municipal sewage treatment, with an estimated energy requirement and excess sludge production approximately 75 and 85% less than those of CAS, respectively.     

A pilot study on accelerated sludge degradation by a high-concentration membrane bioreactor coupled with sludge pretreatment.

A new sludge treatment process combining a high MLSS membrane bioreactor with sludge pretreatment techniques was studied in pilot-scale experiments. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) was adopted for high efficiency aerobic digestion. The combination of alkaline-ozone treatment of the mixed liquor in the MBR reactor accelerated the biodegradation process by enhancing biodegradability of the sludge. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the reactor was set as 3.1 days and the DO level was 1 mg/L on average. After 5 months of operation, the accumulative total solids reduction was more than 70%. Removal efficiency of volatile solids and non-volatile solids were 76% and 54%, respectively. It was found that a considerable portion of the non-volatile solids was dissolved into ions and then flushed out with the effluent. Also, about 41% and 28% of T-N and T-P in the raw sludge were removed although no biological nutrient removal process was adopted. The experiment was run smoothly without significant membrane fouling, even at the relatively high levels of MLSS concentration (11,000-25,000 mg/L). It is concluded that the newly proposed process can significantly increase the sludge reduction efficiency with much shorter retention times.     

污泥碱解发酵液用于生活污水脱氮 除磷的效果研究

为了减轻水体富营养化程度,提高污水的脱氮除磷效果,并解决污泥减量化和资源化问题,本研究将碱预处理的污泥进行厌氧发酵产酸,并将发酵液作为污水脱氮除磷的外加碳源。研究结果表明：投加污泥发酵液后,出水氨氮浓度为0.3~0.5 mg/L,总磷浓度为0.5 mg/L,与未投加污泥发酵液相比分别降低了1.7~2.3 mg/L和3~4 mg/L。     

多级高浓度活性污泥法脱氮除磷中试研究

多级高浓度活性污泥法在不征地、不增加处理构筑物的情况下,以提高活性污泥浓度为指导思想,对现有城市污水处理厂进行升级改造,达到脱氮除磷的目的。中试研究表明,在试验条件下,出水CODCr为33～43mg/L,去除率92%左右;NH3-N为3～5mg/L,去除率90%左右;TP为1～1.7mg/L,去除率72%左右。系统保证了良好的脱氮除磷效果。     

Effect of phosphorus concentration on phosphorus removal and biomass

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) process was employed to study the effect of biological phosphorus removal (bio-P removal) and P-content in treated sludge with increased phosphorus concentration present in the wastewater. Further, the following four test fractions of raw wastewaters was obtained having different P-concentrations viz., run 1: P-20 mg/L, run 2: P-40 mg/L, run 3: P-60 mg/L, run 4: P-80 mg/L. The effective P-removal obtained for these four test fractions were found to be 23.07 mg/L (98.17%), 41.35 mg/L (88.16%), 45.75 mg/L (72.04%) and 55.80 mg/L (66.82%) respectively for run 1, 2, 3 and 4 fractions. Moreover, the similar increase in phosphorous concentration i.e., from 20 to 80 mg/L caused an apparent increase in total solid (TS) values from 7 to 8.3 g TS/L, whereas the total volatile solid (TVS) content remained constant (i.e. 4.5 g TVS/L). These results inferred that the proportion of TVS in the TS decreased from 70 to 55%. Moreover, by increasing the initial P-concentration from 20 to 80 mg/L, the corresponding P-proportion of excess sludge was increased from 2 to 6.2%.     

Biological nutrient removal in simple dual sludge system with an UMBR (upflow multi-layer bioreactor) and aerobic biofilm reactor.

In this study, a simple dual sludge process was developed for small sewage treatment. It is a hybrid system that consists of upflow multi-layer bioreactor (UMBR) as anaerobic and anoxic reactor with suspended growth microorganisms and post aerobic biofilm reactor with inclined plates. UMBR is a multifunction reactor that acts as primary sedimentation tank, anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor, and thickener. The sludge blanket in the UMBR is maintained at a constant level by automatic control so that clear water (30 mg-SS/L) can flow into the post aerobic biofilm reactor. It leads to improving performance of the biofilm reactor due to preventing of excess microbial attachment on the media surface and no requirment for a large clarifier caused by low solid loading. The HRT in the UMBR and the aerobic biofilm reactor were about 5.8 h and 6.4 h, respectively. The temperature in the reactor during this study varied from 12.5 degrees C to 28.3 degrees C. The results obtained from this study show that effluent concentrations of TCOD, TBOD, SS, TN, and TP were 29.7 mg/L, 6.0 mg/L, 10.3 mg/L, 12.0 mg/L, and 1.8 mg/L, which corresponded to a removal efficiency of 92.7%, 96.4%, 96.4%, 74.9%, and 76.5%, respectively. The sludge biomass index (SBI) of the excess sludge in the UMBR was about 0.55, which means that the sludge in the UMBR was sufficiently stabilized and may not require further treatment prior to disposal.     

城市污泥中DEHP和DMP的好氧降解特性研究

对城市污泥好氧消化过程中DEHP和DMP的降解进行了研究,并重点研究了难降解有机物DEHP在不同浓度下对易降解有机物DMP的抑制效果.研究表明,好氧消化污泥对DEHP和DMP有较强的降解能力,且对DMP的降解能力明显强于DEHP,好氧消化污泥在500 mg/L难降解有机物DEHP存在的情况下,对50 mg/L有机物DMP的去除率仍高达99.8%;当DEHP的初始浓度在200 mg/L时,对DMP的降解速率影响较大,而在50 mg/L和500 mg/L时,影响较小;但历经10 d以后,不同初始浓度的DEHP对DMP的好氧降解速率几乎没有影响.