On the spatial behaviour of the transient and steady-state solutions in thin plates with transverse shear deformation

This paper studies the spatial behaviour of the transient and steady-state solutions in the problem of bending of a plane elastic plate. When the transient solutions are discussed a bounded or unbounded plane plate of an arbitrary regular form is considered. Then an appropriate time-weighted line-integral measure is introduced and, for each fixed t∈[0,T], it is shown that it vanishes at distances from the support of the given data on the time interval [0,T] greater than ct, where c is a characteristic material constant. Moreover, for distances to the support lower than ct, it is established a spatial decay estimate of Saint-Venant-type. For the harmonic vibrations the case of an elastic plate whose middle surface is like a (semi-infinite) strip is considered for which the lateral sides are clamped. Then a cross-sectional line-integral measure is associated with the amplitude of the vibration and the spatial estimate is established for describing the spatial behaviour of the amplitude, provided that the frequency of the harmonic vibration is lower than a critical frequency.     

双弹簧电液激振缸振幅补偿性能的研究

传统的电液激振缸随着激振频率的提高,振动幅值急剧衰减,振幅补偿性能变差。为了解决这一问题,设计了一种双弹簧电液激振缸结构。分析了双弹簧电液激振缸的工作原理,建立了其数学模型和AMESim仿真模型,研究了激振频率、补偿弹簧刚度对其活塞杆位移的影响。结果表明：当激振频率为28 Hz、补偿弹簧刚度为31 N/mm时,激振缸活塞杆的位移增大6.24 mm,相比同一条件下的传统电液激振缸增大了15倍多;在双弹簧电液激振缸的工作过程中,其活塞杆位移振幅存在振荡区和稳定区,稳定区内的振幅大小直接决定了振幅补偿效果的优劣;在补偿弹簧刚度一定的情况下,活塞杆位移振幅不与激振频率呈简单的正相关或负相关关系,而在某一激振频率下谐振现象最明显,能使振幅补偿效果达到最优;激振频率不同,则补偿弹簧最优刚度不同,随着激振频率的提高,补偿弹簧刚度应相应增大。相比于传统的电液激振缸,双弹簧电液激振缸的振动幅值有较大提升,在工程应用中能取得更好的振幅补偿效果。     

水流作用下双圆柱墩混凝土梁桥的动力响应实测与数值模拟

西藏达林大桥为一座7跨桥面连续的混凝土梁桥,下部结构采用双圆柱桥墩。2018年7月,在水流作用下达林大桥桥墩及桥面出现了显著的顺桥向振动。该文报道了水流作用下大桥的动力响应实测与数值模拟研究。实测表明:桥梁顺桥向振动表现为桥梁一阶纵向模态为主的拍振,横桥向为随机微振动;顺桥向最大加速度约为0.08 m/s2,梁端最大位移约为1.56 mm。基于一阶纵向振动模态参数,将双圆柱墩梁桥简化为单自由振动体系,在2 m/s~10 m/s流速范围内(折减流速U_r=1.69~8.45、雷诺数Re=2.6×106~1.3×107)进行了二维流固耦合数值模拟,得到了桥墩双圆柱升阻力系数以及不同结构阻尼比时的涡振响应。并对桥墩振型与水流流速剖面等三维效应进行修正,得到了墩顶位移随流速变化的关系。结果表明:上游柱尾流对下游柱的脉动涡激升力有显著增强作用,在3 m/s~6 m/s流速范围内双圆柱桥墩出现了涡激振动。在考虑三维修正后,ζ=0.01工况下墩顶位移数值模拟结果与实测值较为吻合。随着阻尼比ζ的增加,涡振最大振幅变小,锁定区间基本不变。     

小直径附加圆柱对圆柱涡激振动抑制的参数优化

采用基于迭代嵌入式浸入边界法对后方对称布置两个小直径圆柱的单圆柱涡激振动进行了数值模拟研究,对涡激振动抑制进行了参数优化。雷诺数和圆柱直径比分别为Re=100和d/D=0.125,其中D和d分别为大、小圆柱直径。通过改变控制角度(θ)、主圆柱与小圆柱的间隙比(G/D)、小圆柱旋转角速度和旋转方向(α)和阻尼比(ζ)确定的最优控制参数组合为θ=25°、G/D=0.125、α=-2.2和ζ=1.02。小圆柱的旋转角速度和旋转方向对圆柱振幅有一定的影响,其中内向反转会进一步抑制圆柱的振动,外向反转则恰好相反。随着阻尼比的增加,圆柱振幅先增后减,但影响程度较小。     

Steady-state response of the parametrically excited axially moving string constituted by the Boltzmann superposition principle

Summary.  The steady-state transverse vibration of a parametrically excited axially moving string with geometric nonlinearity is investigated in this paper. The Boltzmann superposition principle is employed to characterize the material property of the string. The method of multiple scales is applied directly to the governing equation, which is a nonlinear partial-differential-integral equation. The solvability condition of eliminating the secular terms is established. Closed form solutions for the amplitude and the existence conditions of nontrivial steady-state response of the summation resonance are obtained. Some numerical examples showing effects of the viscoelastic parameter, the amplitude of excitation, the frequency of excitation, and the transport speed are presented. Received February 12, 2002; revised October 25, 2002 Published online: May 8, 2003 The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 10172056).     

质量比对圆柱涡激特性的影响研究

采用有限体积法对不同质量比圆柱在限制流向及不限制流向下的涡激振动进行了研究。圆柱涡激振动系统简化为质量-弹簧-阻尼模型,引入雷诺平均应力模型求解不可压缩粘性Navier-Stokes方程,结合SST  湍流模型对限制流向和不限制流向下圆柱涡激振动进行了数值模拟。研究发现：限制流向和不限制流向时圆柱涡激振动横向振幅均出现了初始激励分支和下端分支, 不限制流向质量比2.0时还出现了超上端分支,其横向振幅最大值为1.05D,是限制流向工况的1.81倍,质量比越大两者相差越小;限制流向和不限制流向两种工况下圆柱涡激振动均发现频率锁定现象,但锁定区间不同;质量比大小对圆柱涡激振动锁定区间也有影响;最后对不同质量比下圆柱涡激振动轨迹进行了讨论分析。     

基于ADAMS的印版滚筒支撑间隙动态模拟与分析

目的 为了了解存在的支撑间隙对印版滚筒动态特性的影响,解决印版滚筒的优化设计问题.方法 利用SolidWorks软件建立无支撑间隙以及含不同间隙的印版滚筒三维模型,并将其导入ADAMS软件中进行运行工况下的动态模拟与分析.结果 仿真结果表明,相较于无支撑间隙的理想情况,在考虑支撑间隙时,印版滚筒支撑部位的平均接触力幅值从200 N左右增加到1000 N左右,且波动变化增大;相应的位移曲线也出现不规律的变化,且位移幅值也增大.此外,随着间隙值的增大会加剧上述变化.在相同间隙值下,支撑厚度的增加又会减弱间隙对印版滚筒接触力和位移幅值的加剧效应.结论 可以通过增加支撑厚度的方式来优化印版滚筒结构,从而减弱间隙对滚筒径向振动的加剧效应,进而提高印刷质量.     

电液疲劳试验系统的变谐振控制技术研究

随着激振频率的增加,电液疲劳试验机激振输出幅值急剧衰减,激振频率和激振输出幅值两者之间存在相互矛盾的关系,因此提出了利用谐振能量来提高激振输出幅值的方案。该方案通过改变阀控单出杆液压缸无杆腔容积的方法来改变系统的谐振频率,使得谐振频率与激振频率重合,在谐振点进行激振。在对液压动力机构的运动过程进行分析的基础上,建立系统的数学模型,运用四阶龙格库塔的数值方法对其进行求解,并对仿真结果进行理论分析;理论分析表明可以通过改变无杆腔容积来改变系统的谐振频率,且在谐振点处的激振输出幅值有较大幅度的提升;从负载流量曲线上看,由于谐振能量的输出使得在谐振点处的负载流量急剧降低。最后建立实验系统对以上仿真结果进行实验验证。实验结果表明：在谐振点出的激振输出幅值为饱和输出幅值的25%左右,负载流量反而减小了90%左右;通过改变无杆腔的容积能有效改变谐振频率,拓宽电液疲劳试验机应用范围。     

附加整流装置的圆柱体涡激振动数值研究

对附加不同整流装置的圆柱体横向单自由度涡激振动特性进行了系统研究。重点分析了约化速度3.0≤U_r≤12.0范围内,附加不同整流装置的圆柱振动幅值,受力系数,振动频率和泻涡模式。研究结果表明:附加不同整流装置的圆柱体其水动力特性较附加整流装置的静止圆柱体复杂很多,采用附加整流装置的静止圆柱体绕流结果评价整流装置性能好坏欠妥。     

利用简谐扭振幅值诊断内燃机故障缸功率损失

依据内燃机曲轴扭转振动的基本理论，提出了一种利用实测曲轴扭振信号单谐次分量的幅值诊断内燃机故障缸功率损失的新方法，该方法能简便地估算出故障缸的停缸率。讨论了引起曲轴扭转振动的激振力矩，给出了简谐扭转振动角位移与对应简谐力矩的关系式。以某6135柴油机为对象进行了仿真计算和实验分析。研究结果表明，利用0．5谐次扭振位移幅值可以判断出内燃机故障缸的停缸率，验证了该方法的可行性和工程应用价值。     

波浪锥型圆柱流固耦合振动机理研究EI北大核心CSCD

为增强及控制无叶片风力俘能结构能量采集效率,该研究将表面结构斜率参数引入波浪型圆柱,发展了一种新型波浪锥型圆柱,试验研究在雷诺数Re=3900下不同波长比、波幅比、斜率参数的波浪锥型圆柱涡激振动响应特性。研究发现:在不同折合流速下,斜率k=0.05的锥型圆柱和波长比λ/D _(m)=1.75、波幅比α/D _(m)=0.10、斜率k=0.05的波浪锥型圆柱最大振幅较直圆柱分别增长26.4%和12.6%,且锁频区间得以拓展;当折合流速在锁频区间内时,在波浪锥型圆柱绕流尾流中观察到了“2S”、“2P”漩涡脱落模式,并且“2P”漩涡脱落模式在往下游发展的过程中有转变为“2C”模式的趋势。该研究可为无叶片风力俘能结构涡致振动的增大和发电效率的提升提供理论支持。     

Flow profile of granular avalanches with imposed vertical vibration

We report experimental results on the effect of imposed vertical vibration on the flow of pentagonal grains in a two-dimensional rotation drum. While dimensionless acceleration $\varGamma $ can be tuned either by increasing vibration frequency or amplitude, the former leads to stabilization an increase in the angle of repose while the latter leads to destabilization and a decrease in the critical angle for failure. Increased vibration amplitude leads to continuous avalanching and a more uniform flow profile, with a flowing layer composed of increasingly long-lived, shallower avalanches before a continuous flow regime is reached. The slope and grain-scale roughness of the surface decrease and interface curvature increases as vibration amplitude is increased and collective motion allows relaxation of the surface. While qualitative flow characteristics are similar both with and without vibration, vibration allows the system to evolve continuously in a nearly steady-state profile.     

变刚度印刷滚筒的空挡冲击动态特性研究

针对滚筒从印刷工作面转至空挡面时产生空挡冲击载荷而引起结构 振动的问题,分析了变刚度印刷滚筒空挡冲击的动态特性。先介绍变刚度印 刷滚筒结构的设计理念及其静态挠曲变形情况,再采用有限元方法对普通印 刷滚筒和变刚度印刷滚筒的模态特性、临界转速和空档冲击动态响应进行了 研究。结果表明：变刚度印刷滚筒保持轻量化的同时,其静态挠曲变形相较 于普通印刷滚筒有较大幅度下降,且在自由振动特性、响应位移振幅、振动 平衡位置和振动衰减速度方面更具优势,比普通印刷滚筒的结构更为稳定。     

Propagation of tides in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries

The Mandovi and the Zuari are two shallow estuaries that are located in Goa and join the Arabian Sea. The main channel of each is about 50 km long, has its cross-sectional area decreasing rapidly in the upstream direction, and receives large amounts of riverine freshwater during the southwest Monsoon and little during the rest of the year. Tides in the channels exhibit the following characteristics: (a) The speed of propagation is about 6.5 m s⁻¹; (b) tidal amplitude remains unchanged over a distance of about 40 km from the mouth; (c) mean water level near the head increases with increase in runoff; (d) tidal amplitude decays rapidly over ≈ 10 km near the head, the decay is more rapid during periods of higher runoff. A nonlinear numerical model based on the equations for conservation of momentum and mass reproduces all the observed features. The model fields show that momentum balance in the channels is primarily between pressure gradient and friction. Assuming such a balance, we formulate a linear analytic model for tidal propagation in a channel whose cross-sectional area decreases exponentially with distance from the mouth and has influx of riverine freshwater at its head. The model solution mimics the observed features (a)–(c) cited above but not (d). Our conjecture is that the quadratic friction term in the momentum balance and the nonlinear term in the continuity equation are essential to simulate the decay of tidal amplitude at the upstream end.     

Alternative spatial behaviour in the incompressible linear elastic prismatic constrained cylinder

Differential inequalities are derived for two cross-sectional energy fluxes. Integration establishes exponential growth and decay estimates for the cross-sectional mean square displacement, displacement gradient and pressure. The conclusions relate to Saint--Venant's principle for an incompressible elastic cylinder and more generally to the Phragmén--Lindelöf principle and Liouville's theorem. Other contributions to the literature are briefly noted.     

Identification of characteristics of a functionally graded isotropic cylinder

On the basis of the general problem formulation for an inhomogeneous isotropic body, the problems of steady-state longitudinal-radial and torsional vibrations of a cylinder are considered. The Lamé parameters and the density are variable in radial coordinate. The inverse coefficient problem on determining the laws of variation of cylinder’s properties from the data on the amplitude–frequency characteristics specified at different frequency ranges is studied. The numerical solution is constructed by using a three-stage iterative process based on the derived systems of the Fredholm integral equations of the first kind with smooth kernels with respect to the unknown corrections; the A.N. Tikhonov regularization method is employed to solve these equations. The reconstruction examples for monotonic laws are presented.

     

脉冲法测压电振子切变模机电耦合系数k_(15)

本文讨论了切变模压电振子的脉冲响应电压,该电压包括一个按指数衰减的脉冲电压和一个衰减振荡电压,前者是由振子的夹持电容和电路中的电阻产生的,后者是由振子的压电效应产生的。当外加激励的脉宽和电路电阻为适应值时,压电振子的响应电压中振荡幅度只与它的机电耦合系数 k_(15)有关,从而提出了一个测试压电振子的切变模机电耦合系数 k_(15)的新方法,该方法所需的设备简单、测试迅速、结果准确,用本方法与泛音比方法对一些样品进行测试,结果很接近。     

电流变液对活塞式结构振动的控制

本文研究了电流变液和弹簧所组成的粘弹性型活塞式结构的振动.实验表明,随外加电场强度增加,结构振动幅值减小,系统谐振峰向高频方向移动.这种效应在振动低频区段更为显著.据此可制作阻尼可控结构.     

Experimental study on the packing densification of mixtures of spherical and cylindrical particles subjected to 3D vibrations

To identify the dense packing of cylinder–sphere binary mixtures (spheres as filling objects), the densification process of such binary mixtures subjected to three-dimensional (3D) mechanical vibrations was experimentally studied. Various influential factors including vibration parameters (such as vibration time t, vibration amplitude A, frequency ω, vibration acceleration Γ) as well as particle size ratio r (small sphere vs. large cylinder), composition of the binary mixtures X_L (volume fraction of cylinders), and container size D (container diameter) on the packing density ρ were systematically investigated. The results show that the optimal vibration parameters for different binary cylinder–sphere mixtures are different. The smaller the size ratio, the less vibration acceleration is needed to form a stable dense packing. For each binary mixture, high packing density can be obtained when the volume fraction of large cylindrical particles is dominant. Meanwhile, increasing the container size can decrease the container wall effect and get higher packing density. The proposed analytical model has been proved to be valid in predicting the packing densification of current cylinder–sphere binary mixtures.     

双圆柱尾流致涡激振动的质量比效应及其机理

双圆柱尾流激振受多种因素影响,情况复杂,质量比m*(相同体积的圆柱与流体质量的比值)对双圆柱尾流激振的影响规律尚未澄清。采用数值模拟方法,在低雷诺数下(Re=100),研究了三种质量比(m*=2,10,20)对串列双圆柱尾流致涡激振动特性和尾流流场结构的影响规律,分析了下游圆柱的升力与位移的相位差,探讨了涡激升力与能量输入的内在联系。结果表明:质量比对串列圆柱尾流致涡激振动有重要影响。随着质量比的增大,横流向最大振幅减小,并发生在较小折减速度下,振动锁定区域范围变窄;质量比越小,升力与位移之间的相位差对下游圆柱振幅的影响越显著;在较小质量比时尾流出现“2S”、不规则和平行涡街模态,而在较大质量比时只有“2S”和平行涡街模态。