Dynamic analysis of traction motor in a locomotive considering surface waviness on races of a motor bearing

The traction motor is the power source of the locomotive. If the surface waviness occurs on the races of the motor bearing, it will cause abnormal vibration and noise, accelerate fatigue and wear, and seriously affect the stability and safety of the traction power transmission. In this paper, an excitation model coupling the time-varying displacement and contact stiffness excitations is adopted to investigate the effect of the surface waviness of the motor bearing on the traction motor under the excitation from the locomotive-track coupled system. The detailed mechanical power transmission path and the internal/external excitations (e.g., wheel–rail interaction, gear mesh, and internal interactions of the rolling bearing) of the locomotive are comprehensively considered to provide accurate dynamic loads for the traction motor. Effects of the wavenumber and amplitude of the surface waviness on the traction motor and its neighbor components of the locomotive are investigated. The results indicate that controlling the amplitude of the waviness and avoiding the wavenumber being an integer multiple of the number of the rollers are helpful for reducing the abnormal vibration and noise of the traction motor.

     

半刚性路面TDC成因的有限元分析

沥青路面向下扩展裂纹(Top-down Cracking,简称TDC)是导致沥青路面破坏的原因之一,也是目前道路工程领域研究的热点.为探讨TDC成因,建立了路面结构的三维有限元模型,并采用大型有限元软件进行计算.计算结果表明,在假定的车轮荷载作用下,路面结构最大剪应力发生在路面表层,位置在轮迹边缘,其大小接近或超过常温下沥青混合料的抗剪强度,是导致半刚性路面产生TDC的主要原因.     

Analysis and modeling of error of spiral bevel gear grinder based on multi-body system theory

Six-axis numerical control spiral bevel gear grinder was taken as the object, multi-body system theory and Denavit-Hartenberg homogeneous transformed matrix （HTM） were utilized to establish the grinder synthesis error model, and the validity of model was confirmed by the experiment. Additionally, in grinding wheel tool point coordinate system, the errors of six degrees of freedom were simulated when the grinding wheel revolving around C-axis, moving along X-axis and Y-axis. The influence of these six errors on teeth space, helix angle, pitch, teeth profile was discussed. The simulation results show that the angle error is in the range from -0.148 4 tad to -0.241 9 rad when grinding wheel moving along X, Y-axis; the translation error is in the range from 0.866 0 μm to 3.605 3μm when grinding wheel moving along X-axis. These angle and translation errors have a great influence on the helix angle, pitch, teeth thickness and tooth socket.     

Cr12轧辊深冷处理工艺的实验研究

采用正交试验方法研究了Cr12轧辊深冷处理工艺.分析了不同工艺参数对轧辊硬度和耐磨性的影响.使用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观察材料显微组织;使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析材料的晶格尺寸和残留奥氏体的含量.实验结果表明:深冷处理促使残留奥氏体向马氏体转变,并在马氏体的基体上析出碳化物颗粒,这是Cr12轧辊硬度和耐磨性提高的主要原因.     

基于细观结构的沥青碎石封层路面力学行为分析

为了认识沥青碎石封层的力学行为与破坏机理,采用有限元软件建立沥青碎石封层细观结构二维有限元模型,分析在竖向荷载作用下封层内部细观结构应力、应变和位移的力学行为特性。分析结果显示：轮迹内侧边缘碎石竖向位移最大,偏转角度最小;相反,轮迹外边缘碎石偏转角度最大,并向两侧逐渐递减。沥青层内的水平应变主要为压应变,轮迹外侧沥青和胶浆层接触面上剪应变最大。黏结层的水平变形、剪切变形均不同程度大于沥青层,黏结层与胶浆层交界处具有最大等效Mises应力,易发生剪切破坏。胶浆层的中心主要为受压变形,胶浆层两侧边缘处主要表现为较高剪切变形。     

基于路径规划的泊车预备倒车区域研究

为解决驾驶员泊车问题,根据汽车在低速倒车过程的运动学特征,分析了汽车在一般平行泊车环境下碰撞障碍物的可能性,确定了泊车的约束边界.利用国内某款A0级轿车的基本尺寸作为计算依据,设计出两段圆弧的泊车路径,并且找出了行走路线对应的预备倒车区域.在该区域中的每一点汽车都有一段方向盘转角范围,驾驶员可以很容易试探到这个范围,并按照提供的路径作为参考进行倒车.通过汽车的实际操作验证了实现平行泊车的可行性.     

轮式足球机器人加速性能研究

轮式机器人的惯性造成机器人以较高加速度和速度运动时的平稳性不好,运动准确性不高。机器人在各个轮子上的重力分量是机器人的结构和轮子布局参数、质量、加速度、重心高度的函数;合理的机器人结构和轮子布局、降低机器人的质量、降低重心的高度,可以提高加速过程中机器人在各个轮子上的重力分布的均匀性,从而提高加速过程的平稳性。轮式足球机器人的加速度在不同方向数值大小是不同的。机器人转动过程引起的运动偏差比平动过程更严重。     

自由曲面砂带磨削轨迹规划与误差控制分析

砂带磨削是提高自由曲面工件型面精度和表面质量的重要手段之一,针对目前自由曲面砂带磨削加工在效率和精度方面存在不足,基于砂带磨削加工的特性,提出了一种基于加工精度控制的自由曲面砂带磨削加工的轨迹规划方法。首先,对实现无曲率干涉的接触轮半径及满足加工允差的接触轮宽度进行了公式推导,结合轮与曲面上加工点主曲率关系,通过双倍体的遗传算法优选出满足自由曲面要求的加工允差,并获取无曲率干涉加工需求的接触轮尺寸参数。然后,基于加工点的主曲率方向实现加工轨迹的自适应宽行距规划,同时采用柔顺处理算法对其点导动规划过程中当曲面存在扭曲时的磨头潜在的大幅往复摆动运动进行了柔顺处理,获得了行距稳定且满足加工时接触轮在磨削点处始终与自由曲面达到最佳贴合效果的磨削轨迹。最后,应用该方法对某航空发动机叶片型面进行轨迹规划,并在数控砂带磨床上进行了加工验证。结果表明：规划的磨削加工轨迹能够使得叶片轮廓截面精度较好地满足加工要求,提高了叶片型面的表面质量和精度,证实了该方法的有效性和实用性。本文提出的轨迹规划方法可科学合理地控制曲面预期加工允差,解决了在自由曲面砂带磨削过程中因接触轮尺寸参数选择不当而引起的局部干涉的计算难题,能够有效提高砂带磨削加工的效率和精度。     

列表轴截形回转面电解磨削研究

用圆弧形砂轮中极法电解磨削列表轴截形回转面的方法,在对列表型值点进行三次样条拟合的前提下,对砂轮中心运动轨迹及靠模方程进行了求解,较为详细的论述了被加工表面的理论粗糙度,并给出了数学模型和具体实例。     

几种特殊图之间和的Cordial性

给出了路Pm、圈Cn、扇Fp和轮Wq4种图之间和的Cordial性，所得结果扩展了文献Eli（Gallian J A. A Dynamic Survey of Graph Labellings of Graphs. Electronic Journal of Combinatorics，2005（5）：DS6）的研究工作．     

列车移动荷载在地基中引起的主应力轴旋转

利用移动荷载作用下地基的应力解答,计算列车移动荷载在弹性半空间地基内产生的动应力.根据计算土单元与列车的相对位置,将动应力曲线分为3个阶段,分别对这3个阶段的土单元应力路径和主应力轴旋转进行分析.在每一个循环中,土单元应力路径变化规律和主应力轴旋转规律与单个轮轴荷载引起的主应力轴旋转相似,但轮轴荷载的相互叠加使得应力路径变化和主应力轴旋转都更加复杂.单个轮轴荷载引起的主应力轴旋转一直为顺时针方向,而在一个循环中由列车引起的主应力轴旋转则会发生摆动,尤其是大主应力旋转到z轴附近时.     

特种回转面铣刀螺旋槽的数控磨削模型及仿真

为了建立适用于各种特种回转面铣刀螺旋槽的磨削模型,基于该种刀具螺旋槽的几何模型,将求解砂轮的运动轨迹与具体的加工工况分开,在刀位轨迹生成后通过后置处理,生成适合于不同数控系统及不同数控机床的加工代码。采用这种方法,不仅大大简化了刀位轨迹的计算和生成,保证了所生成的刀成的刀位轨迹的通用性,而且在实现中确保了砂民刀具不发生干涉,文中还用实例加工仿真结果验证了模型的可靠性。     

印染机械特种轧辊

印染机械中轧压机俗称轧车,轧车中所用轧辊品种很多,各种轧辊结构和性能各不相同。随着服装面料工业的发展,特种用途的特种轧辊不断出现。在这里对几种特种轧辊作一介绍。     

Formation mechanism in alloy steel rolling process using thermo-mechanical coupling method

Based on the theory of elastic-plastic finite element method, the high-speed hot continuous rolling process of a billet is simulated and analyzed in vertical and horizontal passes. The billet is dragged into the passes by contact friction force between the billet and rollers. The rollers and billet are represented by respectively rigid and deformable bodies, and three-dimensional models are developed for the billet and rollers. The distribution of deformation field, effective strain, rolling force and temperature field are accurately calculated for the whole rolling process (including unstable and stable stages). In addition, the rolling pressure on the width symmetry center is compared with that in the in-situ experimental measurements. It is revealed that various heat exchange phenomena among the billet, rollers and surroundings can result in unbalanced temperature distribution on the cross section. Rolling force and strain can change significantly when the billet is moved towards or away from the roller gap, and keep almost invariable in the stable stage. It is expected that the simulation results would be useful for practical manufacture and provide the theoretical foundation for improvement of process planning and optimization of process parameters.     

一些图的E_2-cordial性

研究了路、圈、扇和轮的E2-cordial性,并进一步分析和证明了Pm×Pn为E2-cordial图的充要条件是mn■2(mod 4).     

Characteristics of Left-Right Spiral Hollow Cylindrical Roller

Based on new rolling-sliding compound bearings,the wear between the one-way spiral hollow cylindrical roller and the ribs of the inner and outer ring of rolling-sliding compound bearings is reduced by innovational structural design. A new left-right spiral hollow cylindrical roller is proposed to replace the one-way spiral hollow cylindrical roller. The finite element analysis models of ordinary cylindrical rollers,one-way spiral hollow cylindrical rollers and left-right spiral hollow cylindrical rollers are respectively established by ABAQUS.The axial displacement of their center mass and the stress distribution of left-right spiral hollow cylindrical rollers are compared and analyzed. Theoretical study results show that this new left-right spiral hollow cylindrical roller not only inherits the advantages of one-way spiral hollow cylindrical rollers,but also avoids the axial offset and the serious wear of the one-way spiral hollow cylindrical roller. And the theory research conclusion is verified by the experiment. The left-right spiral hollow cylindrical roller has the advantages to overcome boundary stress concentration like logarithmic convex roller. The rolling-sliding compound bearings equipped with the new rollers can be better to adapt to the impact of vibration load.     

基于 PID 控制的月面巡视探测器坡度行驶仿真分析

通过月面巡视探测器爬坡轮与地面的相互作用分析,建立月面巡视探测器坡度行驶地面力学模型。根据双闭环直流调速系统工作原理,采用位置式PID控制算法编写了电机驱动仿真模块,并将电机驱动仿真模块融合到月面巡视探测器多体动力学仿真体系中,构建了完整的月面巡视探测器动力学仿真系统。对月面巡视探测器坡度行驶工况进行仿真分析,初步实现了对月面巡视探测器动力学模型的验证,为月面巡视探测器驱动控制算法、运动规划和路径规划仿真提供技术支持。     

VC辊平整机板形调控性能的研究

以某厂连续退火平整机为研究对象,利用ANSYS有限元软件建立VC辊系静力学仿真模型,并研究了弯辊力、VC辊油压、轧辊辊径和辊套厚度对连续退火平整机板形控制能力的影响。结果表明,无论内、外弯辊如何配合,都不能达到只改变四次凸度的目的,不可能只通过内、外弯辊的配合来消除高次浪形;外弯辊的调控功效比内弯辊增大42%;VC辊油压的调控效果主要体现在二次凸度的改变上,改变油压后对四次凸度的影响不大;当VC辊承载时,油压不能始终保持辊套向外涨,承载时辊套可能发生反弯,向芯辊内凹陷;与大辊径相比,小辊径弯辊和油压的调控效果会增加,但辊缝横向刚度会降低;辊套壁厚的减小会使VC辊油压的调控能力有所提高。     

剃齿刀修形砂轮斜截面法数控精密加工机理研究

剃齿刀修形砂轮侧面突起是弦长弦高比很大的圆弧,现有数控插补算法无法加工出符合精度要求的修形砂轮。针对这一缺陷,提出斜截面法放大弦高从而减小弦长弦高比的方法,推导加工曲线的方程,并结合算例,获得离散点坐标和加工刀具轨迹。结果表明通过斜截面法放大弦高的加工方式可以获得较高精度的插补轨迹。同时也为大曲率小圆弧曲面的数控加工奠定了一定的理论基础。     

自适应LOS制导结合MPC控制的车辆循迹优化

为提升无人驾驶车辆循迹过程的动态响应能力,确保车辆能快速且稳定地跟踪参考路线,首先基于模糊控制的思想,在传统视线(line-of-sight, LOS)制导策略中引入了时变前视距离,提出了改进后的自适应LOS制导策略,把目标轨迹的跟踪简化为目标点航向的跟踪。其次,建立车辆三自由度动力学模型,并结合自适应LOS状态方程设计路径跟踪系统的线性数学模型。最后,基于模型预测原理,使用多步预测、滚动实时优化、反馈校正等控制方式,求解出最优反馈的方向盘控制指令。本文为验证上述所提及跟踪策略的有效性,在Simulink仿真环境中分别以直线路径和曲线路径作为参考轨迹进行追踪仿真实验,结果表明:所提自适应LOS制导策略能使循迹车辆的轨迹横向误差和航向误差迅速地收敛到零,从而验证了改进LOS制导算法可以提高无人车路径跟踪的响应速度和平稳性。