基于CFD数值模拟的双P型辐射管烟气循环倍率分析

为提高双P型辐射管的循环倍率,运用FLUENT软件数值模拟研究了喷口喷射速度、喷口位置、出口压力和支管结构对双P型辐射管烟气循环的影响规律。结果表明,喷口喷射速度由75 m/s提高到150 m/s,辐射管烟气循环倍率提高约60%;喷口从外侧(x=-115 mm)移动到中心(x=0),循环倍率提高约8%。此外,将直角式的回流支管结构改为弯管式结构能促使循环倍率提高约2.5%~8%;而出口压力变化对循环倍率影响不大。     

U型蓄热式辐射管表面温度分布数值模拟研究

以一支燃烧能力为58kW的蓄热式辐射管为对象，利用商业CFD软件CFX4．3对蓄热式辐射管表面温度分布进行数值模拟，并进行试验验证，重点分析了辐射管沿长度方向温度分布的规律及其影响因素。结果表明，高速煤气射流产生的湍动燃烧动力，能搅拌炉膛、消除炉内的温差，有利于提高烟气的加热能力，改善其加热性能。但煤气喷射速度不能无限制增大，对于该类型的蓄热式辐射管燃烧器，煤气喷射速度可限制在80m／s～110m／s。     

双P型及W型辐射管系统性能分析及测试

对W型和双P型辐射管加热系统的烧嘴结构及燃烧方式进行了分析,对比测试了两种辐射管加热系统的烟气循环率、管壁温度均匀性、燃料利用率、NO_x等关键技术指标。结果表明,双P型辐射管燃烧系统管壁温度均匀性更好,节能效果显著,且可以采用更大的烧嘴功率,减少辐射管加热系统和控制模块的数量,降低投资成本,具有较大的推广应用价值。     

Nd含量对快淬纳米晶和非晶（Mg24Ni10Cu2）100-xNdx（x=0~20）合金电化学性能的影响

采用快淬技术制备Mg2Ni型纳米晶和非晶（Mg24Ni10Cu2）100-xNdx （x=0,5,10,15,20）合金,研究快淬速度对合金相结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,快淬态无 Nd 合金为纳米晶结构,而添加 Nd 元素的快淬态合金为纳米晶和非晶结构,表明添加Nd元素可促进Mg2Ni型合金的非晶形成能力。当快淬速度从0增加至40 m/s时, x=0合金的放电容量从42.5增加至100.6 mA·h/g;x=10合金的放电容量从86.4增加至452.8 mA·h/g。与此同时, x=0合金的循环稳定性（S20）也由40.2%增加到41.1%,而x=10合金的S20值由53.2%增加到89.7%。     

Improved Cycle Stability of La0.75-xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1 (x=0-0.4) Electrode Alloys by Melt Spinning

为了改善 La-Mg-Ni 系 A2B7型电极合金的电化学循环稳定性,用 Pr 部分替代合金中的 La,并用熔体快淬工艺制备了La0.75-xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)电极合金。用 XRD、SEM、TEM 分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构。结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金均具有多相结构,包括 2 个主相(La,Mg)Ni3及 LaNi5和 1 个残余相 LaNi2。熔体快淬导致 LaNi5相增加而(La,Mg)Ni3相减少。电化学测试结果表明,熔体快淬显著地提高合金的电化学循环稳定性。当淬速从 0 m/s (铸态被定义为淬速 0 m/s)增加到 20 m/s 时,x=0 合金 100 次充放循环后的容量保持率从 65.32%增加到 73.97%,x=0.4 合金的容量保持率从 79.36%增加到 93.08%。     

快淬工艺对无钴AB5型贮氢合金循环稳定性的影响

研究了快淬工艺对无钴AB5型LaxMm1-x(NiMnSiAlFe)4.9(x=0,0.45,0.75,1.0)合金微观结构及电化学循环稳定性的影响.结果表明快淬处理显著改善合金的成分均匀性,使晶粒细化,并显著提高合金的循环稳定性.当淬速从0m/s增加到28 m/s时,经300次充放循环后,x=0.45合金的容量衰减率D从0.28 mAh/g·c-1(c代表一次循环)下降到0.13mAh/g·c-1;x=1.0合金的容量衰减率D从0.3mAh/g·c-1下降到0.14mAh/g·c-1.     

利用赝电容效应提高Se修饰MnO/Mn_3O_4复合负极材料的储锂容量及倍率性能（英文）

为了提高锰氧化物负极材料的倍率和循环性能,采用沉淀法及热处理法,通过调控Mn_2O_3与Se粉的反应温度,制备Mn O/Mn_3O_4/Se O_x(x=0,2)复合负极材料。Mn O/Mn_3O_4/Se O_x负极在3 A/g电流密度下经过560次充放电循环后放电比容量为1007 m A·h/g。循环伏安法定量分析结果表明,在2.0 m V/s的扫描速率下赝电容贡献率高达89.5%。研究结果表明,Mn O与Mn_3O_4之间存在明显的协同效应。     

铸态及快淬态无钴AB5型贮氢合金的循环稳定性

对AB5型LaxMm1-x(NiMnSiAlFe)49(x=0,0.45,0.75,1.00,摩尔分数)贮氢合金进行了快淬处理,研究了La含量及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学循环稳定性的影响.结果表明:La含量的增加对铸态合金的循环稳定性没有明显影响,但使快淬态合金的循环稳定性下降,且快淬处理能显著提高合金的循环稳定性.当La替代量从0增加到1.00时,经300次充放循环后,铸态合金的容量保持率(Rh)从59.2%增加到59.8%;16 m/s淬速快淬态合金的容量保持率从83.9%下降到65.0%.对于x=0.45的合金,当淬速从0(铸态被定义为淬速等于0)增加到28 m/s时,容量保持率从59.8%增加到75.8%.     

利用赝电容效应提高Se修饰MnO/Mn3O4复合负极材料的储锂容量及倍率性能(英文)

为了提高锰氧化物负极材料的倍率和循环性能,采用沉淀法及热处理法,通过调控Mn₂O₃与Se粉的反应温度,制备Mn O/Mn₃O₄/Se O_x(x=0,2)复合负极材料。Mn O/Mn₃O₄/Se O_x负极在3 A/g电流密度下经过560次充放电循环后放电比容量为1007 m A·h/g。循环伏安法定量分析结果表明,在2.0 m V/s的扫描速率下赝电容贡献率高达89.5%。研究结果表明,Mn O与Mn₃O₄之间存在明显的协同效应。     

钢管浸淬淬火温度场的均匀性分析

针对目前无缝钢管采用外表面喷射与内表面轴向喷射的浸淬淬火方式,利用ANSYS软件对钢管浸淬温度场进行数值模拟。分析了部分浸入与全浸入淬火冷却各因素对温度场冷却均匀性的影响,这些因素包括喷射速度、钢管的旋转速度及部分浸入浸润角等。结果表明:部分浸入式淬火中,内外表面均不喷水,浸润角为180°~270°时,内外表面冷却较均匀且冷却速度较浸润角为0°~180°时快;外表面不喷射,内表面轴向喷射时,内喷速为3 m/s时,内外表面冷却较均匀;钢管的旋转速度应不低于60r·min-1时,钢管径向冷却均匀性较好。全浸入式淬火中,内喷速度为8 m/s,外喷速度为6 m/s和内喷速度为10 m/s,外喷速度为7 m/s时,内外表面冷却较均匀;钢管的旋转速度越大,内外表面的温度差波动越小,冷却均匀性越好,故钢管旋转速度应不低于60 r·min-1,但考虑到能耗及稳定性问题,钢管旋转速度则应不高于90 r·min-1。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。