流纹艺术釉的研制

本文简单介绍了流纹釉的生产工艺流程。通过选用釉果、黑泥、长石、滑石、石英、苏州土等常用陶瓷原料作为底釉及面釉配方,经正交法和单因素法确定了最佳釉料配方及工艺参数。实验得到的流纹釉釉面与流纹交接处均不开裂,表面光滑平整,具有釉面强度高、热震性好和光泽度好等优点。     

氟化物和部分氧化物在低硼釉中的作用探讨

对搪瓷底釉中B2O3的作用进行了研究，试验用碱金属氧化物、BaO和氟化物部分低替底釉中的B2O2。结果表明：底釉中B2O3部分被取代，并未影响底釉的密着、瓷面性能和工艺参数，还可适当降低底釉的成本。     

釉泡形成过程初探

釉泡是指釉层或坯釉中间层的气泡,它的存在从光泽度和针孔这两个方面影响着釉面质量,本文试图应用釉与玻璃的相似性,结合玻璃形成的动力学理论,分析釉中气泡的形成过程.     

助熔剂和密着剂对搪玻璃的作用机理及其研究进展

搪玻璃是一种在金属表面喷涂瓷釉(搪玻璃釉),经高温搪烧密着而成的复合材料,既具有玻璃的化学稳定性,又具有金属材料的硬度大、强度高等优良特性,同时表面光滑易清洗,因此在化工、医药等行业广泛应用。搪玻璃性能取决于搪玻璃釉的成分,搪玻璃釉包括基体剂、乳浊剂、助熔剂、密着剂等,其中助熔剂中含有低熔点物质,能够降低熔化温度,破坏搪玻璃釉连续的网络结构,形成新分子键,进而改良搪烧工艺;密着剂能够与金属基体发生化学反应,增强搪玻璃釉和金属基体的结合强度,进而提高力学性能。本文简要介绍了搪玻璃釉中的各类助剂,着重叙述了助熔剂和密着剂的组成及作用机理,为今后设计搪玻璃釉及提高搪玻璃设备性能提供了参考依据。     

无铅碱硼釉的研究分析

通过对无铅碱硼硅酸盐釉的氧化物体系的试验研究，分析了釉组分中SiO2，B2O3及金属氧化物对釉的热膨胀性、表面张力及坯釉结合层形成等方面的影响作用。     

无铅碱硼釉的研究分析

通过对无铅碱硼硅酸盐釉的氧化物体系的试验研究，分析了釉组分中SiO2，B2O3及金属氧化物对釉的热膨胀性、表面张力及坯釉结合层形成等方面的影响作用。     

关于卫生洁具经常出现脱釉缺陷等问题的答疑

1、我公司生产卫生洁具,最近经常出现脱釉缺陷,请问如何解决? 答:脱釉缺陷是卫生洁具生产中常见的釉面缺陷。产生这一缺陷的原因很多,如使用了某种不合适的原料、釉料球磨过细、工艺参数控制不当、釉料中甲基纤维素变质、回釉处理不当、喷釉技术差、坯体上有粉尘等,对于上述原因,已有很多的解决办法,在此不再赘述。这里介绍一种改善喷釉工艺来减少脱釉缺陷的方法,即用隔膜泵和高粘度釉料替代喷釉缸和低粘度釉料。该方法在国外早已普遍采用,目前国内也有部分厂家开始采用。该方法可以避免喷釉时釉料过分雾化和流釉现象。当喷枪喷出的釉料雾化太充分时,釉料易成粉状粘附在坯体表面,这样釉与坯以及釉与釉之间的结合不牢固,易产生脱釉缺陷。     

对无氟底釉密着的探讨

本文以无氟锑钼底釉为研究对象，针对底釉中去掉氟化物后会使底釉密着不良，我们进行了分析和讨论。实验证明，适当的Ｋ２Ｏ和Ｎａ２Ｏ配比，熔加ＭｏＯ２，熔加Ｆｅ２Ｏ３等方法能使无氟底釉具有良好的密着效果。     

利用镍矿作原料制备搪瓷底釉

苏联“德聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克”化学工艺研究所利用镍矿作原料以制备搪瓷底釉。 众所周知,搪玻璃使用性能的优劣,在很大程度上取决于底釉的性能,这层底釉所起的作用是确保金属与瓷层间的牢固结合。因此,为了提高其密着     

釉烧温度和保温时间对陶瓷坯釉适应性影响的研究

本课题旨在研究如何提高陶瓷坯釉间的相互适应性。重点研究在坯、釉组成一定的情况下，釉烧温度和保温时间对釉面砖坯釉适应性的影响，进而讨论坯釉中间导的生成情况。同时用光学显微术、热分析试验等手段，并从理论上分析说明其影响机理。     

瓷釉涂层/金属基体界面分形维数的研究

研究瓷釉涂层和金属基体界面形貌的分形特征,建立了分形曲线的提取模型,用计盒维数法计算分形维数,并和落球冲击试验结果相比较,发现分形维数的变化和瓷层的密着性的好坏呈现相同的变化趋势.分形理论为研究喷瓷管道的密着性提供了一种新的方法,为深入研究瓷层的密着性奠定了基础.     

高抗热震性红外辐射涂料的实验研究

针对红外辐射涂料在不同基体表面上应用时出现的涂层易脱落问题 ,采用正交实验设计对不同配方的过渡金属氧化物系红外辐射涂料进行了涂层高温抗热震性实验研究。优化配方制得的红外辐射涂料既适用于 1Cr18Ni9Ti金属基体又适用于耐火材料基体 ;与国外相关产品相比 ,其抗热震性能更佳。     

钛合金搪瓷涂层的制备与性能研究

在钛合金表面制备搪瓷涂层,并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明,搪瓷涂层具有较好的抗高温氧化性及抗热震性,能有效提高钛合金的抗腐蚀能力,使其在700°C熔融盐(Na2SO4+NaCl)浸没100h而免遭腐蚀。     

Nature of Adherence of Porcelain Enamels to Metals

An investigation of the fundamentals of the adherence of porcelain enamels to metals indicated that good adherence is the result of metal-to-metal bonds between the atoms in the base metal and the proper metallic ions in the enamel. To accomplish this type of bond, the enamel must meet certain chemical and thermodynamic requirements: (1) The enamel at the interface must be saturated with an oxide of the metal and (2) this oxide must be one which, when in solution in the glass, will not be reduced by the metal. In the case of iron, the oxide is FeO. Many of the phenomena observed in commercial enameling were investigated and found to be related to adherence, but not essential for its development. An example is the precipitation of metallic particles in the enamel. Much of the complexity in commercial enameling arises from the limitations imposed by practical considerations. For example, because enamels usually are fired in air, the heavy scale developed during the early stages of firing must be removed before adherence can be developed. Likewise, as the conditions of the enamel-metal interface change rapidly during firing, "adherence-promoting oxides" are used to help maintain the necessary conditions for the time required in commercial enameling. Surface roughness, although not necessary for excellent adherence, was found to improve the apparent adherence when the bond between the enamel and the metal was relatively weak.     

Thermal Fracture Resistance of Ceramic Coatings Applied to Metal: I, Elastic Deformation

A study was made of the resistance to thermal fracture of four ceramic coatings of the cobalt-bearing ground-coat type applied to enameling-grade iron specimens. The study was made of coated-metal systems in the unsteady state, symmetrically cooled, and in the absence of viscous or plastic flow. Determinations were made of the elastic characteristics of the coating-metal composites, the effective coefficient of linear expansion, the temperature at which the coating and base metal were at dimensional equilibrium, and the temperature differential sufficient to induce coating fracture when water quenched. Coating-metal thickness ratios were correlated with the maximum specimen temperature withstood in water quenching without coating fracture. Studies indicated that ceramic coatings, after receiving a given thermal treatment, fracture when subjected to a thermal shock by a critical temperature differential. When no residual coating stress is present, thermal shock resistance is inversely related to the thermal expansion characteristics of the coating. The critical stress at which coating fracture occurs may be expressed as the sum of thermal and residual stresses developed in annealed systems in which viscous or plastic flow does not occur. Residual compressive stress in a coating is a major factor in improved thermal shock resistance. Increased thermal shock resistance is gained by decreased coating thickness.     

THE CAUSES AND CONTROL OF FISH SCALING OF ENAMELS FOR SHEET IRON AND STEEL1

Data obtained.—This paper presents measurements of the following factors and properties and their influences upon fish scaling in the case of typical single and three-coat enamels: time and temp. during melting of the frit; fusibility of the enamel; coeff. of expansion of the enamel, and of a variety of representative irons and steels up to 500°C (accuracy about 0.1%); annealing the enamel coat after firing; chem. comp. of the steels and irons; mechanical treatment (rolling, spinning, drawing, and so forth of the stock; microscopic surface structure of the stock; effect of chem. comp. upon thermal expansion of enamel. Incidentally it was found that the formulas of Mayer and Havas for computing the thermal expansion of enamel from its chem. comp. can not be relied upon: Conclusions.—On the basis of these exhaustive tests, the following conclusions have been drawn as to the causes and the control of fish scaling. (A) Causes.—1. The cause of fish scaling lies in the difference of the coefficients of expansion of the enamel and the stock, that for steel being higher than for enamels so that the latter are under a compressive stress. The factors influencing this phenomenon are as follows: (a) Composition of the enamel as affecting the coefficient of expansion of the enamel; (b) Overfiring—thus volatilizing those substances which tend to keep the coefficient high; (c) Lack of annealing enameled ware, the enamel coating of which is a glass and should logically be treated as such. 2. Fish scaling is due secondarily to a number of factors which may affect the strength of the enamel or its adherence to the metal. (a) The physical condition of the surface of the metal as influenced by drawing, spinning, cold rolling or other mechanical treatment; (b) Composition of the glass as affecting its elastic strength; (c) Underfiring, enamel not fused to metals; (d) Cleanliness of the surface as regards removal of drawing compounds, grease, etc. (B) Remedies.—1. (a) Adjusting the composition of the enamel so as to increase its coefficient, e. g., by decreasing the boric acid content; (b) Correct firing of the enamel to avoid unnecessary volatilization of such fluxes as soda and cryolite; 2. (a) Adjusting enamel composition to increase its strength; (b) Correct firing to give proper adherence. 3. Treatment of metal to give best adhesion by (a) cold rolling or other suitable mechanical treatment of the untreated steel; (b) thorough cleaning. (C) Summary.—Broadly stated, then, fish scaling can be absolutely controlled by one or all of the following methods: (1) By the development of an enamel with an expansion fitting the metal; (2) by annealing the enameled ware; (3) by treatment of the metal as cold rolling or some other method of working: (4) by developing an enamel with a wide range of compressional elasticity and applying this enamel to metal treated as indicated above.     

Study of Some Phenomena Associated with the Adherence of Sheet Iron Ground Coats

Cobalt and nickel are deposited on the surface of the base metal during the firing of sheet iron ground coats. These deposits, which are metallic in nature, at least at higher firing temperatures, increase with increasing firing temperature. They also increase with the amount of cobalt and nickel present in any one frit and with the fluidity of the enamel. One reason why cobalt is generally considered a better adherence agent than nickel is that cobalt has a greater tendency to deposit during firing. Ground-coat adherence is generally associated with a certain amount of deposition of cobalt and nickel on the metal surface. This deposition in turn is associated with a roughening of the metal surface which is believed to be a large contributory factor in enamel adherence.     

Fabrication of porous SiC nanostructured coatings on C/C composite by laser chemical vapor deposition for improving the thermal shock resistance

Recently, fabricating one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials on C/C composite has been recognized effective to improve the thermal shock resistance of the coated composites. However, the remaining metal catalyst in CVD process and the week bond of 1D nanomaterials with substrate limit the strengthening effect. Herein, laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) was proposed for fabricating porous SiC nanostructured coating on C/C composite without metal catalyst. The laser heating resulted in a temperature gradient between the top and bottom of the coating, providing an external driving force for the vertical growth of whiskers with side-branches, forming a porous network nanostructure. The porous nanostructure was beneficial to reduce CTE and effectively relieve thermal stress. After 10 times of thermal shock test from RT to 1723 K, the porous SiC nanostructured coating remained intact. This work provides a novel methodology to produce functional coating on C/C composite with outstanding thermal shock resistance.     

Microalloy Precipitation at the Glass–Steel Interface Enabling Adherence of Porcelain Enamel

The adherence of vitreous enamels on steel plates is studied clarifying the mechanisms taking place at the interface during firing. Evidence is provided from electron microprobe analysis for an iron alloy precipitation at the interface, which results from oversaturation of ferrous iron in the enamel glass. Subsequent coalescence of the alloy particles is observed but only after their bonding to the base metal adherence after cupping is achieved. The formation of microalloys requires Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cu²⁺ ions in the enamel glass. A selective dissolution of the base metal by the latter cations does not occur.     

搪玻璃反应釜的残余应力测试及分析

搪玻璃反应釜是一种由玻璃衬层和金属基底材料复合在一起的化工设备。这种设备在制作过程中由于坯体件结构形式、焊接、压力加工工艺,环境（温度与湿度）条件,搪瓷釉及涂搪工艺等原因,均将产生残余应力,而残余应力是自相平衡且不稳定的内力,当其释放应力达到或超过金属坯体与瓷层之间密着强度时即发生爆瓷,使坯体腐蚀失效,从而降低了搪玻璃反应釜的安全可靠性和经济性。为了有利于今后产品造型工艺的改进,对产品进行了残余应力标定和测试,并结合具体产品进行了分析