基于视频图像的火灾烟雾识别管理系统设计

随着社会与经济的不断发展,公众场所的火灾安全问题越来越受到关注。由于传统感光型、感温型、感烟型和复合型的检测设备的缺陷,本文针对公众场所火灾探测,提出一种利用视频图像技术来探测公共场所火灾隐患的方法,以期能更快速的识别火灾隐患,给应急救援提供更多的时间。     

火灾探测技术及其发展

火灾探测技术的研究对于保护人类生命和财产具有重要的意义。本文综述了火灾探测技术及其基本原理、优缺点。随着信息技术的飞速发展,基于图像的火灾探测技术有望能解决传统火灾探测技术存在的难题,已成为火灾研究领域的热点。     

可视火焰探测系统的应用分析

乐东15-1海上天然气生产平台拥有完善的自动化控制系统,其中包括一套火焰报警监控系统--可视火焰探测系统,这是一种通过探测火灾现场红外线来检测火灾的控制系统,它包括报警显示终端、智能HUB控制器、智能视频交换机和现场可视火焰探测器等设备。该系统具有火焰信号的报警监控功能,还能将工作现场的实时视频信号传输给报警显示终端,让操作员在监控现场火灾报警信号的同时也能观察到现场真实的彩色活动图像。同时,该系统能将现场火焰的模拟量信号传输给平台的FG PLC系统(火气控制可编程控制器系统),在这个系统中完成平台的火灾逻辑关断功能,再通过FG PLC系统的MODBUS通信信号将数据传输给DCS(集散控制系统),由DCS的上位机人机界面显示可视火焰探测器的状态。     

物联网消防监测管理技术研究

围绕社会火灾防控核心业务需求,依托物联网技术,提出了基于物联网的火灾探测与消防综合监测管理体系结构,剖析了感知层、网络层和应用层的构成和作用。论述了基于物联网技术的火灾早期探测、人员疏散与救援以及建筑消防设施信息集成和信息平台建设方面的关键技术和具体内容,指出物联网技术将成为提升火灾防控综合能力的重要技术支撑。     

图像识别技术在数字电视视频监测中的应用

在数字电视视频监测的过程中，应用图像识别技术能够加强视频监测的质量，提高视频监督效率，图像识别技术能够智能化地对视频中的图像进行识别与分析，根据既定的要求对图像内容进行筛选，能够有效提高电视信号传输的稳定性，保证观众观看电视节目的观感。图像识别技术能够及时地发现数字电视节目图像中存在的问题并做出纠正，充分利用计算机来代替人工检测，在提高视频监测效果的情况下还能降低人力资源投入。以图像识别技术在数字电视视频监测中的应用意义，针对数字电视视频中较常出现的问题进行了罗列，且对图像识别技术在数字电视视频监测中的应用进行了浅析，期望能够给电视媒体人一定的参考。     

微重力燃烧特点及空间站火灾预警技术分析

针对空间站火灾预警问题,分析了重力场、压力、空气流速对火焰外观和燃烧的作用机制,阐明了微重力和高压条件对可点燃性的增强作用及空气流动对持续燃烧性的影响。结合空间站火灾预警装置的应用情况,对比分析了现有能量型和烟雾型探测技术存在的问题,提出了气体型探测技术具有虚警率低、预警迅速、布设简便的优势,是未来应用于空间站火灾预警的重要备选技术。     

伪造视频图像的检验方法研究

近年来,随着视频图像处理技术的普及与运用,为刑事影像和新闻摄影提供了极大的便利,但与此同时,利用视频图像处理技术更容易制作出假视频和假照片。蒙蔽办案人员、摄影大赛评委、报社版面编辑,以达到掩盖真相、获奖、发表等目的。伪造的视频图像危害很大,掌握视频图像的真伪检验技术,有效的维护刑事影像和新闻摄影的真实性。     

基于AI算法的视频事件检测系统性能分析及其在高速公路监控系统中的应用

高速公路机电系统拥有庞大的网络资源和大量的实时视频图像,但由于现有视频车辆检测系统,核心算法落后,误报率高,无法为交通组织、应急处置的决策分析提供详实的基础数据。基于AI算法的视频事件检测器采用深度学习算法,将非结构化的视频图像转化为结构化的数据资源,为高速公路运营工作提供有力支撑。     

基于Freescale微处理器的环境探测灭火机器人

采用飞思卡尔16位微控制器MC9S12DG128单片机作为主控制器,利用其高效快速的数据采集和处理功能,设计了一款具有自主避障、环境气体检测、现场图像采集、火焰检测、生命探测和数据无线通讯功能的地面环境探测灭火机器人。给出硬件设计原理和软件算法设计关键技术。试验测试表明,设计的机器人性能稳定、数据准确、传输快速、图像清晰且小巧灵活,具有在复杂环境中自主执行探测任务的实际应用价值。     

成品库防火性能化设计火灾探测器选择研究

介绍国内火灾自动报警设计规范的各种探测器选择方法,根据防火性能化分析原理,针对某成品库大空间建筑屋面取消喷淋的设计方案,为保证火灾自动报警探测及时可靠,确保建筑的耐火极限时间,采用美国Fire Dynamic Simulation软件,通过火灾热动力过程和探测器启动的有限元数值模拟,对成品库大空间建筑的火灾及探测进行性能化分析;通过优化设计采用线型红外光束感烟火灾探测器设计,使火灾探测报警系统既安全可靠又经济合理。     

我国纺织品阻燃检测标准概况

纺织品阻燃材料的研究，特别是纺织品阻燃检测技术对于减少火灾造成的损失具有十分重要的意义。本文重点介绍国内纺织品阻燃检测方法标准，主要包括垂直法、45°法、氧指数、减光系数法、水平法、可点燃性试验方法、辐射热源法。     

化肥催化剂活性检测的危险性因素分析

化肥催化剂活性检验试验室安全问题往往被企业所忽视。根据化肥催化剂活性检测的特点,对检测过程中所使用的原料气、操作条件、火源等方面进行危险性分析。指出了化肥催化剂活性检测过程中存在燃烧、爆炸、中毒和灼伤等不可忽视的安全隐患,应引起企业安全部门的重视。提出了化肥催化剂活性检测和装置建设必须符合安全规范要求,采取必要的安全预防措施,防患于未然。     

Experimental Results Contributed to Early Detection of Smouldering Milk Powder as an Integrated Part of Maintaining Spray Drying Plant Safety

Smoldering milk powder lumps deposited on dryer walls or falling through the hot air could potentially start a fire or even an explosion in milk powder dryers. Explosive behavior is more frequently experienced in the modern industry, where high production throughputs are desired. It has been known that powder at such a state emits carbon monoxide (CO). The work reported in this article is the study of the characteristics of CO generation during the incomplete combustion of milk powders. The powders used in the study were whole milk and skim milk. Samples placed in a reactor were heated using air at 300°C. The exhaust air of the reactor was continuously measured for CO concentration using a highly sensitive CO analyzer. Temperatures were monitored, and the smoke produced during the combustion of whole milk powder was collected and analyzed using gas-chromatography mass-spectroscopy (GC-MS). Whole milk powder was found to produce significantly higher amounts of CO than skim milk powder. Hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carboxylic acids were tentatively identified during the GC-MS analyses. Results from the study are definitely useful in optimizing the use of an early fire detection system in milk powder plants.     

Experimental Results Contributed to Early Detection of Smouldering Milk Powder as an Integrated Part of Maintaining Spray Drying Plant Safety

Smoldering milk powder lumps deposited on dryer walls or falling through the hot air could potentially start a fire or even an explosion in milk powder dryers. Explosive behavior is more frequently experienced in the modern industry, where high production throughputs are desired. It has been known that powder at such a state emits carbon monoxide (CO). The work reported in this article is the study of the characteristics of CO generation during the incomplete combustion of milk powders. The powders used in the study were whole milk and skim milk. Samples placed in a reactor were heated using air at 300°C. The exhaust air of the reactor was continuously measured for CO concentration using a highly sensitive CO analyzer. Temperatures were monitored, and the smoke produced during the combustion of whole milk powder was collected and analyzed using gas-chromatography mass-spectroscopy (GC-MS). Whole milk powder was found to produce significantly higher amounts of CO than skim milk powder. Hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carboxylic acids were tentatively identified during the GC-MS analyses. Results from the study are definitely useful in optimizing the use of an early fire detection system in milk powder plants.     

火灾对施工中系杆拱桥混凝土箱梁性能的影响分析

为了研究系杆拱桥火灾后混凝土和箱梁损伤程度的大小和性能的变化,针对火灾后一座1～64 m系杆拱桥的过火结构进行检测和分析,并现场取样对火灾过程中混凝土箱梁温度场、混凝土受损程度、火灾后混凝土微观结构等进行实验分析,得到系杆拱桥在遭受火灾后各项性能的变化,为桥梁火灾检测提供一种可靠的的检测方案和检测依据,得到高温后混凝土性能变化,同时建立该桥的有限元模型,模拟得到的火灾后系杆拱桥承载力及变形等性能的变化情况和实测结果基本一致,为桥梁火灾后受损情况鉴定提供了一种可行的有限元模拟方法.     

阻火器性能测试试验系统的研制

阻火器是一种用来阻止易燃气体和易燃液体蒸气火焰蔓延的安全装置,近年来已被广泛应用在石油化工、天然气等工业领域。随着现代社会的发展,人们对于安全问题越来越重视,因此,对于阻火器的性能测试就显得必不可少。由于我国在阻火器型式试验研究方向起步较晚,目前国内尚未有阻火器性能完整的测试系统。为完善阻火器的性能测试,本文开展了阻火器性能测试试验系统的研制工作,以提高我国在这一领域的检测水平。系统能够完成试验所需的爆炸性混合气体的配置工作,气体燃烧爆炸过程中的压力、火焰速度及温度的测试工作,数据的分析处理工作。试验系统包括配气装置、传感器检测系统、数据采集装置。配气装置可以实现静态、动态混合配气的要求。传感器检测系统可完成火焰识别、温度采集、压力采集功能。数据采集装置可对数据进行处理,实时显示实验过程数据,并记录、处理试验数据。测试系统充分考虑了试验现场的安全性,测试精度完全满足阻火器型式试验的要求,且系统操作简单、方便、运行可靠,完成了多次阻爆测试和耐烧测试,其效果达到国家相关标准的要求。     

丙酮的工业安全应用研究现状

丙酮在工业生产应用中极易发生泄漏、中毒、火灾、爆炸及环境污染等事故。本文对近二十年的相关文献进行了综述,分别从丙酮浓度的检测与控制、丙酮的毒性与职业健康、丙酮的火灾爆炸危险性研究三方面概括了当前研究现状,总结了工业丙酮的事故发生规律和理论研究成果,为丙酮使用企业的安全生产提供了一定指导和依据。     

Smoke characteristics of coal-lined tunnel fires

Characteristics of smoke particulates generated from a coal fire in a ventilated model tunnel were investigated by laser optical transmission and by electron microscopy. Average particle diameter and mass concentration of the smoke were determined as a function of the temperature and stoichimoetry of the coal tunnel fire. Smoke particle sizes ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 μm, with larger particle sizes associated with higher smoke concentrations. These coal smoke data are relevant to several aspects of underground mine safety including the development and location of smoke detection instruments, the understanding of the fire (toxic fume) hazard, and the development of new fire protection and control techniques.     

An evaluation of actual and simulated smoke properties

Federal regulations require that aircraft cargo compartment smoke detection systems be certified by testing their operation in flight. For safety reasons, only simulated smoke sources are permitted in these certification tests. To provide insight into smoke detection certification in cargo compartments, this research investigates the morphology, transport and optical properties of actual and simulated smoke sources. Experimental data show the morphology of the particulate in smoke from flaming fires is considerably different from simulated smoke. Although the detection of smoldering fires is important as well, only a qualitative assessment and comparison of smoldering sources was possible; therefore, efforts were concentrated on the quantitative comparison of smoke from flaming fires and smoke generators. The particulate for all three different flaming fires was solid with similar morphological properties. Simulated smoke was composed of relatively large liquid droplets, and considerably different size droplets can be produced using a single machine. Transport behavior modeling showed that both the actual and simulated smoke particulates are sufficiently small to follow the overall gas flow. However, actual smoke transport will be buoyancy driven due to the increased temperature, while the simulated smoke temperature is typically low and the release may be momentum driven. The morphology of the actual and simulated smoke were then used to calculate their optical properties. In contrast to the actual smoke from a flaming fire, which is dominated by absorption, all of the extinction for the simulated smoke is due to scattering. This difference could have an impact on detection criteria and hence the alarm time for photoelectic smoke detectors since they alarm based on the scattering properties of the smoke. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.