蒸汽流量测量的比较与分析

本文结合差压式流量计和涡街流量计的原理,对节流装置、巴类流量元件和涡街流量计测量蒸汽流量的主要影响因素进行分析,并根据几种不同仪表的特点,分别就选型、安装、经济效益等方面进行分析,并总结几种测量仪表的优点与不足。     

涡街流量计在炼厂的应用

针对现代炼厂较少维护和低能耗的需求,涡街流量计在流量测量中应用的越来越广泛。本文比较了涡街流量计在国内外炼厂的应用现状,分析了涡街流量计在流量测量的优势,同时探讨了影响涡街流量计测量准确性的因素和对策。     

涡街流量计测量气液混相流的不确定度

涡街流量计可用于部分混相流的测量,但迄今为止有关混相流对涡街流量计测量特性的影响还缺少理论研究和实践经验.在体积含气率为2.0%～15.0%的范围内,评定了用涡街流量计测量气液混相流的不确定度,提出涡街流量计测量气液混相流的不确定度计算式.实验以空气和水为介质产生气液混相流,涡街信号通过管壁差压法采集,涡街频率通过功率谱分析获得.结果表明在保持涡街流量计一定测量准确度的前提下,涡街流量计相对扩展不确定度随气液混相流流量及其体积含气率的分布比较均匀;在涡街频率测量的不确定度分量中,由重复性和复现性引起的相对标准不确定度随流量的变化呈现出较强的随机性,而由频率分辨率引起的相对标准不确定度则随着流量的增加而减小.在本研究的流量与体积含气率范围内,由气液混相流引起的涡街流量计附加相对不确定度小于2.0%.这一研究为分析气液混相流对涡街流量计测量特性的影响提供了有益的借鉴.     

涡街流量计在液体硫磺流量测量中的应用

介绍了400 kt/a硫磺制酸装置中液体硫磺流量计的应用情况.在实际应用中,质量流量计、转子流量计、靶式流量计均不同程度地存在问题.经过分析比较选用了涡街流量计.3年的应用表明,涡街流量计能很好地测量液体硫磺的流量,实现长周期、稳定、可靠、免维护、准确运行,而且性价比较高.     

影响涡街流量计测量准确度的几个因素

涡街流量计是生产中测量流量的重要工具之一。文章简述了涡街流量计构测量原理、基本结构,洋细分析了影响涡街流量计测量准确度的选型、安装、温度压力补偿、旋涡发生体迎流面堆积、配管内径与流量计内径不一致等因素,并提出了解决影响测量精度的具体方案。     

涡街流量计在化工行业流量测量中的应用

结合化工行业流量仪表应用的实践,介绍了涡街流量计的测量原理,涡街流量计的选择和安装。提出了在化工行业的流量测量中使用涡街流量计的注意事项。     

基于MSP430的数字涡街流量计的实验研究

针对涡街流量计低流速的信号噪声问题,介绍基于MSP430数字涡街流量计的实验系统,探讨、研究噪声信号的处理.采用精度较高的称重法在流量实验标准装置上对数字涡街流量计进行标定.实验结果表明,运用MSP430功能强大的微处理器及高速运算能力,有效地扩大涡街的量程比,实现对涡街流量计的信号分析、处理,提高对噪声的抗干扰能力.     

涡街流量计在石油化工行业中的应用

涡街流量计是现代石油化工行业中测量流量的重要工具之一;简述了涡街流量计的测量原理和主要优点,提供了涡街流量计的选型、安装、使用和维护的建议;通过规范设计、合理选型、正确的安装和维护,让涡街流量计在石油化工行业中发挥更大的作用。     

涡街流量计雷诺数相似原理的验证分析

流量计检定工作是在实验室标准装置下完成的,涡街流量计的一个重要参数是雷诺数,其变化对涡街流量计检定结果能产生一定的影响。对涡街流量计测量特性做了简要介绍,采用现场实验的方法,通过在型式评价实验室标准装置对仪表k系数标定的对比,对涡街流量计在不同介质、不同温度下雷诺数相似原理的体现进行了分析,检测结果表明,外部条件几何相似时,若涡街流量计的雷诺数相等,则其流体流动状态也几何相似。     

涡街流量计在UOP丙烷脱氢工艺装置的应用及维护

主要介绍涡街流量计的特点,并分析了涡街流量计的测量原理和测量方法,通过在UOP丙烷脱氢工艺装置的实际应用中的具体情况和运行维护中的经验,提出在涡街流量计安装、调试和维护上应注意的事项,最后对涡街流量计在生产运行过程中的常见故障进行了分析,并提出了故障处理方法。     

基于波理论的涡街流量计雾状流测量模型

建立了雾状流条件下涡街流量计的修正模型。雾状流中液相的存在会导致涡街流量计的测量误差,通过将以往研究者在单相流中对Karman涡街现象的认识及取得的研究成果作为基础,并结合实验流体本身所具有的动力特点,利用Karman涡街波传递的理论分析了非定常不稳定的雾状流流场中的Karman涡街现象,构建了双向耦合的气液两相流动力学模型。试验结果显示,当液相体积含率从0～0.13%变化时,模型修正后的结果与实际值较为接近。     

离散液相对涡街流量计测量误差影响的实验研究

研究雾状流条件下,离散液相对涡街流量计测量误差的影响。对实验结果的进一步分析表明,均相流模型并不适合于涡街流量计在雾状流中的测量。实验在多相流装置上口径为50mm的水平管段上进行,在保证气相流量不变的条件下,研究了0-0．1％液相含率范围内涡街流量计的测量误差,涡街产生的频率值是通过对模拟信号进行傅立叶变换来获取的。利用数值仿真的方法研究了旋涡发生体上涡量场的变化,理论上解释了雾状流中涡街流量计测量误差产生的原因。     

Flow Patterns in Mini‐Hydrocyclones with Different Vortex Finder Depths

Two‐phase flow patterns in a mini‐hydrocyclone with different insertion depths of the vortex finder were measured by a phase Doppler particle analyzer. The distributions of velocity, concentration, root‐mean‐square velocity, and average diameter of particles were evaluated. A deeper insertion of the vortex finder led to smaller tangential velocity at the cross section near the column cone interface. When the vortex finder insertion depth did not reach the column cone interface, the vortex finder was inserted deeper and the line of zero velocity value migrated more distinctly inward. When the vortex finder insertion depth reached or exceeded the column cone interface, strong turbulence occurred near the vortex finder. The distributions of the axial velocities of particles and root‐mean‐square velocities indicated that circulation flow existed at the bottom part of the mini‐hydrocyclone.     

Micromixing in a gas–liquid vortex reactor

The gas–liquid vortex reactor (GLVR) has substantial process intensification potential for multiphase processes. Essential in this respect is the micromixing efficiency, which is of great importance in fast reaction systems such as crystallization, polymerization, and synthesis of nanomaterials. By creating a vortex flow and taking advantage of the centrifugal force field, the liquid micromixing process can be intensified in the GLVR. Results show that introducing a liquid into a gas-only vortex unit results in suppression of primary and secondary gas flow. The Villermaux–Dushman protocol is applied to study the effects of the gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, and liquid viscosity based on a segregation index. Based on the incorporation model and reaction kinetics, the micromixing time of the GLVR is determined to be in the range of 10⁻⁴ ~ 10⁻³ s, which is comparable to the highly efficient rotating packed bed and substantially better than a static mixer.     

内置涡流发生器的管内过冷沸腾与强化换热的模拟

采用欧拉双流体模型结合RPI沸腾模型对高压管内过冷沸腾进行三维非稳态模拟,考察了涡流发生器对管内过冷沸腾的影响,模拟了高压下光管内的过冷沸腾、层流下内置涡流发生器的换热管内的流动和湍流下内置涡流发生器的换热管内的过冷沸腾。结果表明,内置涡流发生器的换热管在层流状态下换热能力明显提升,过冷沸腾时管内换热能力有一定提升,且壁面附近的气泡由于扰流作用被大量卷入锥形片内,降低了壁面附近产生气膜的可能性,延迟了过冷沸腾起始点的位置。     

气液两相流中顺列管束涡街特性实验研究

对受气液两相流横向冲刷的顺列管束旋涡脱离特性进行了实验研究。实验中通过测量顺列管束所受升力的频谱特性来确定涡街的脱离频率。实验中来流雷诺数的范围为 1.6× 10 4～ 8× 10 4,截面含气率的范围为 0～ 0 .30 ,横向管间距比 T/ D=1.5、 2 .0、 3.0 ,纵向管间距比 P/ D=2 .0、 3.0、 4.0。实验结果揭示了顺列管束涡街特性和斯特罗哈数随含气率、管间距、两相雷诺数的变化规律     

涡流二极管泵性能

实验研究了提升高度为6.7m的涡流二极管泵的性能.研究结果表明：料桶内的液面高度对涡流二极管泵的泵效率及输送量影响甚微;抽吸压力对涡流二极管泵的扬程和流量分配比没有影响,但泵的平均流量和效率随着抽吸压力的增大而减小;当抽吸压力不变时,随压冲压力的增大,涡流二极管泵的扬程、流量分配比、输送量及装置效率都随之增加.实验还表明在本实验条件下决定压冲过程流量分配比的关键因素是涡流二极管泵系统三通分流管路两侧的静压头之比.     

Experimental Studies of Hydrodynamics and Regime Transition in Bubble Columns

The detailed flow structures in bubble columns with and without internal draught tube have been investigated using the PIV technique. The onsets of transition due to vortex formation and different flow patterns with and without draught tube have been studied using the drift‐flux model and the experimentally measured Reynolds stresses. The role of solid particles and liquid viscosity, as well as bubbling orifice configuration on the flow patterns and regime transition has also been studied and discussed.     

Hydrodynamics and velocity measurements in gas–liquid swirling flows in cylindrical cyclones

The gas–liquid swirl flow in a gas–liquid cylindrical cyclone separator has been characterized first qualitatively by flow visualizations. The emerged findings were then confirmed quantitatively by Laser Doppler Velocimetry measurements. The vortex core presents a very complex hydrodynamics, characterized by an alternation between a laminar and a turbulent state. The laminar regime is associated with velocities pointing in the same direction as the mean flow, while the turbulent state induces velocities in the opposite direction, i.e. a flow reversal. These observations give a first understanding of the origin of the double flow reversal regime that is encountered in swirl flows. It is shown that this flow structure appears for high swirl intensities, and results from a frequent laminarization of the vortex core. Results show that, contrary to the commonly assumed hypothesis, this flow structure is associated with good separation performance of the cyclone. Accordingly, we propose the use of multiple tangential inlets to generate the swirl motion in the cyclone, which is supposed to favor the double flow reversal regime, and thus, improve the separation efficiency.