太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷技术的研究进展

介绍了太阳能澳化锂吸收式制冷循环的工作原理和系统构成,具体阐述了该制冷循环的几种典型结构,包括单效、双效、两级以及三效涣化锂吸收式制冷循环,分析了各种制冷循环的优缺点以及目前研究进展;进一步讨论了太阳能澳化锂吸收式制冷机组的性能特点受冷媒水出口温度、冷却水进口温度、加热蒸汽温度、污垢系数及不凝性气体等诸多因素的影响;提出了太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷技术现存问题,最后指出,随着科学技术的发展和绿色建筑的兴起,太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷将会有非常大的发展前景。     

一种新型混合吸收式制冷循环的性能分析

该文提出一种新型吸收式循环，可以较好利用太阳能实现制冷，解决传统吸收式系统在利用太阳能实现制冷时存在的弊端。这种新型混合式吸收式制冷循环在两级吸收式循环的基础上增设了一个附加高压发生器，发现影响系统COP值的因素主要是LiBr溶液浓度与低压发生器中的压力。在溶液浓度与压力的允许范围内时，新型循环的高压发生器再生出LiBr溶液与低压吸收器的吸收后的溶液混合，提高高压吸收器吸收剂浓度从而减小其压力。本文主要分析了混合吸收式制冷循环的各种性能特性，得出影响系统热力系数(COP)可达0．55，驱动热源的可利用温差最高可达35℃。     

新型1.x级溴化锂吸收式制冷机循环

文中介绍了一种新型1．x级溴化锂吸收式制冷机循环。该新型循环在原有两级溴化锂吸收式制冷循环基础上增加了一个附加高压发生器．使部分流体按单效循环工作．同时可将热源进出口温差加大到25～30℃左右，在热水进出口温度为85℃和60℃时，热力系数COP则能达到0．58左右。该循环非常适合于利用太阳能等低势热能制冷，能够产生显著的节能和环保效果。     

热漏对内可逆四热源制冷系统的影响

在恒温热源内可逆四热源吸收式制冷循环的基础上，建立不可逆吸收式制冷循环的模型，考虑环境热源到制冷空间的热漏以及工质与外部热源间的热阻损失，导出牛顿定律下循环的制冷率和制冷系数的基本优化关系、最大制冷系数及相应的制冷率和最大制冷率及相应的制冷系数；并通过数值计算分析了循环参数对循环的制冷率、制冷系数的影响。     

太阳能吸收—喷射复合制冷系统研究

报道了一种可以利用太阳能等低焓能的吸收－喷射复合制冷循环系统，并进行了热力学分析。与吸收式制冷循环相比，该系统能较大地提高热力系数。还初步分析了可以用于该循环系统的工质对，最后给出计算实例。     

内可逆四热源吸收式制冷循环的热经济性能优化

应用内可逆四热源吸收式制冷循环模型，分析吸收式制冷机受传热不可逆性影响时的热经济性能。在牛顿传热定律下，导出了循环的最佳热经济性目标和制冷系数的基本优化关系和最大热经济性目标及相应的制冷系数与比制冷率；通过数值算例，得出循环参数对循环的热经济性目标、制冷系数和比制冷率的影响关系。     

升膜理论在氨水吸收式制冷循环中的应用

由于可以利用低品位热源制冷,氨水吸收式制冷系统得到了广泛的应用。氨水系统的精馏器要求很高的安装精度,限制了其应用范围。为了开发新型制冷器,将升膜理论应用到氨水吸收式制冷系统中,用一个冷凝发生器来实现精馏塔的作用。研究结果表明,本循环的热力系数比较高,这一成果可广泛应用于各种车、船等的制冷系统设计中。     

太阳能吸收－喷射复合制冷系统研究

报道了一种可以利用太阳能等低焓能的吸收－喷射复合制冷循环系统，并进行了热力学分析。与吸收式制冷循环相比，该系统能较大地提高热力系数。还初步分析了可以用于该循环系统的工质对，最后给出计算实例。     

以空气为携热介质的开式太阳能吸收式制冷循环研究与分析

以空气为携热介质的开式太阳能吸收式制冷循环为研究对象，根据工作循环的特点给出了循环工作流程及计算方法，并对循环进行了详细的计算和分析。得出循环COP值、制冷量与湿空气出口处工作溶液与空气的水蒸气分压力差随热空气温度、环境空气温度和相对湿度之间的关系。通过研究发现，当热空气达到一定温度时，循环具有较好的稳定性。与闭式太阳能吸收式制冷循环相比，开式循环具有启动快、COP值高、系统简单、造价低等优点，特别适合在高温炎热地区使用。     

吸收式制冷循环利用低品位热能的研究现状和发展趋势

介绍吸收式制冷循环利用低品位热能的研究现状和发展趋势。阐述吸收式制冷系统对太阳能、工业余热、生物质能和地热能四种能源的利用情况,并主要从低品位热能的选择、吸收式制冷循环系统的优化和吸收器的优化三方面分析该系统存在的问题和发展趋势。     

喷射式氨-水吸收制冷系统的研究

在传统吸收制冷系统中引入喷射器,根据喷射器理论和吸收制冷循环理论,对新制冷系统的工作性能进行了模拟。分别探讨了冷凝温度、喷射器压缩比等参数对系统性能系数和发生温度的影响。结果表明,在原有吸收制冷系统结构变化不大的情况下,尽管系统性能系数有所下降,但系统发生温度却显著降低,因此,低品位的热源将有可能成为氨吸收制冷的加热热源,对于节能减排具有重要的意义。     

太阳能驱动风冷喷射式绝热吸收制冷循环研究

为改善太阳能吸收制冷循环性能并解决太阳能吸收制冷机风冷化问题,提出一种太阳能驱动的风冷喷射式绝热吸收制冷循环,通过喷射式绝热吸收器实现吸收过程的传热传质分别强化,同时回收高压溶液节流损失和再循环溶液的余压,以进一步增强吸收效果.构建组成循环各部件热力学数学模型,探讨了环境温度、发生温度、蒸发温度以及喷射器对新循环的影响...     

太阳能喷射/压缩复合制冷循环性能研究

研究了一种太阳能喷射/压缩复合制冷循环,由太阳能集热子系统、喷射制冷子系统及压缩制冷子系统组成,系统充分利用热电两种能源以及两种制冷方法各自的优点,优化喷射制冷子系统工作性能的同时,改善压缩式子系统的工作条件,从而提高复合制冷循环性能的同时节约高品位电能。采用性能较好的高蒸发温度式喷射制冷带走压缩机排气余热具有实际意义。通过数值模拟的手段分析系统性能及其主要影响因素,并优化工作条件。研究表明,与相同工作条件下的单压缩制冷循环相比,复合制冷循环工作日全天候运行时电力性能系数提升约为31.5%,节电优势显著。存在一个最佳的喷射子系统蒸发温度使得复合制冷循环性能系数达到运行工况的最大值。     

An irreversible thermodynamic model for solar absorption refrigerator

A solar refrigerator is made of a solar collector and a refrigeration system. Real solar refrigerators usually operate between two limits, maximum coefficient of performance (COP) and maximum cooling load. A new model is presented to describe an irreversible absorption refrigerator, in which not only the irreversibilities of heat conduction but also those resulting from friction, eddy and other irreversible effects inside the working fluid are considered. The influence of these irreversible effects on the performance of an absorption refrigerator with continuous flow is investigated. The analytical expressions of the optimal refrigeration coefficient and the cooling rate of the refrigerator are derived. The predictions of the model are compared with semi-empirical cycle model of single-stage absorption refrigeration machines. The results obtained here can describe the optimal performance of a four temperature level absorption refrigeration affected simultaneously by the internal and external irreversibilities and provide the theoretical bases for the optimal design and operation of real absorption refrigerators operating between four temperature levels.     

Thermodynamic study of a two-stage vapour absorption refrigeration system using NH3 refrigerant with liquid/solid absorbents

A systematic investigation is made of the two-stage vapour absorption refrigeration system employing the refrigerant absorbent combinations of NH₃---H₂O and NH₃---LiNO₃. The system consists of coupling two conventional absorption cycles so that the first-stage evaporator produces cooling water to circulate in the absorber of the second stage. The effect of operating variables such as generator temperature, evaporator temperature, absorber temperature and condenser temperature on the coefficient of performance (COP), heat transfer rates and relative circulation have been studied for both single-stage and two-stage absorption refrigeration systems. It is found that the COP is higher for NH₃---LiNO₃ than for NH₃---H₂O, in both single-stage and two-stage absorption systems, especially at higher generator temperatures. Furthermore, the minimum evaporator temperature achieved is lower for NH₃---LiNO₃, and the system can be operated at lower generator temperatures.     

Research on performance of mixed absorption refrigeration for solar air-conditioning

A novel lithium bromide/water mixed absorption refrigeration cycle that is suitable for the utilization of solar air-conditioning and can overcome the drawbacks of low system overall efficiency of traditional solar absorption refrigeration air-condition systems is presented. The accessorial high pressure generator was added in the cycle. The lithium bromide solution flowing out from the high pressure generator was mixed with the solution from the low pressure absorber to increase lithium bromide solution concentration and decrease pressure in the high pressure absorber. The performance of a mixed absorption refrigeration cycle was analyzed. The theoretical analysis shows that the highest COP is 0.61, while the highest available temperature difference of heat resource is 33.2°C. The whole coefficient of performance of the solar air-conditioning using mixed absorption cycle is 94.5% higher than that of two-stage absorption. The advantages of solar air-conditioning can be markedly made use of by the cycle.     

无分凝器的氨水吸收式制冷循环系统研究

在常规单级氨水吸收式制冷循环的基础上,本研究提出了一种无分凝器的氨水吸收式制冷循环系统。应用能量和质量守恒方程对循环中不同部件分别建立热力学模型,通过运用C++软件编程,对两种循环的循环特性进行了模拟计算。结果表明:在发生温度为150℃,冷却水进口温度32℃工况下,随蒸发温度的升高无分凝器循环的性能系数越来越接近常规循环,在空调工况下最为接近;反之,越来越偏离常规循环。     

Research on performance of mixed absorption refrigeration for solar air-conditioning

A novel lithium bromide/water mixed absorption refrigeration cycle that is suitable for the utilization of solar air-conditioning and can overcome the draw-backs of low system overall efficiency of traditional solar absorption refrigeration air-condition systems is presented. The accessorial high pressure generator was added in the cycle. The lithium bromide solution flowing out from the high pressure generator was mixed with the solution from the low pressure absorber to increase lithium bromide solution concentration and decrease pressure in the high pressure absorber. The performance of a mixed absorption refrigeration cycle was analyzed. The theoretical analysis shows that the highest COP is 0.61, while the highest available temperature difference of heat resource is 33.2°C. The whole coefficient of performance of the solar air-conditioning using mixed absorption cycle is 94.5% higher than that of two-stage absorption. The advantages of solar air-conditioning can be markedly made use of by the cycle. __________ Translated from Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2006, 34(8): 62–64 [译自: 华中科技大学学报]