Ti（SO4）2为钛源电沉积法制备TiO2薄膜的研究

以Ti(SO4)2为钛源采用阴极电沉积法在导电玻璃上生成TiO2薄膜。采用单因素法分析了电压、pH、时间等因素对阴极电沉积TiO2薄膜的影响,确定了电沉积液最佳配方和工艺条件,并采用XRD、SEM、TG-DTA等分析手段进行了表征。实验结果表明:阴极电沉积法制备TiO2薄膜的最佳配方及工艺条件为10mL Ti(SO4)2,3mLH2O2,2mLHNO3,8mL NH3.H2O,20mL H2O,pH为1.5,电压为3.5V,沉积时间为20min。在此条件下,在导电玻璃上能够形成一层均匀TiO2薄膜,经XRD检测该膜层晶型为锐钛矿,该膜层可应用于染料敏化太阳能电池、光催化等领域。     

电沉积法制备纳米线Cu/ Al2O3 复合材料及其光吸收特性

采用电沉积法成功制备Cu 准一维纳米线及Cu/ Al₂O₃ 纳米复合材料。采用SEM、TEM、XRD 分析技术对纳米线及其组装体系进行了形貌、相结构的观察和表征。紫外2可见光吸收光谱测试表明: Cu/ Al₂O₃ 组装体吸收光谱上仅呈现出一个吸收带边, 无等离子共振吸收峰, 且吸收边相对于阳极氧化铝模板发生了红移。红移主要归结为雷利散射中心的增加, 使消光现象增强所致。      

建筑材料中天然放射性核素226Ra、232Th、40K比活度的测量

根据《建筑材料放射性核素限量(GB6566-2001)》标准:装修材料中天然放射性水平主要根据镭-226、钍-232和钾-40这三种核素的外照射指数和内照射指数来衡定,并规定采用低本底多道γ能谱仪进行测量。但是,γ能谱仪显示的是铀、钍、钾含量,不能直接给出放射性比活度数值,因此计算核素的内、外照射指数颇为不便。通过数学演算,得出根据放射性元素含量计算放射性比活度的计算公式,并且在实际工作中可以方便的运用。     

阴极电沉积法同时制备TiO2薄膜和颗粒

采用阴极电沉积法电解钛酸四丁酯同时制备TiO2膜和颗粒,并讨论沉积条件对产物的影响。pH值是控制产物的主要参数。对比在紫外灯光照下不同产物不同时间下的光催化性能,比较其差异得出,酸性在pH值为1-2(加浓硫酸2-3mL)时的产物效果最好,光催化性能最好。并横向比较了加入硫酸体积相等的条件下,颗粒和薄膜的光催化效率。     

BmimCl-AlCl3-MnCl2离子液体电沉积Al-Mn合金

在BmimCl-AlCl3-MnCl2离子液体中,采用恒电流沉积的方法在铁基体上获得Al-Mn合金镀层。通过线性扫描伏安测试研究了Al-Mn合金共沉积行为;采用X射线荧光、X射线衍射和扫描电镜分别对该合金镀层的组成、结构及形貌进行测试。结果表明:合金镀层中Mn含量随着离子液体中MnCl2含量和电流密度的增加而增加;当Mn含量低于8.7at%时,镀层为单相的Al(Mn)固溶体的面心立方结构;锰含量为15.3at%~26.8at%时,镀层为非晶态结构。     

脉冲电沉积纳米SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层腐蚀特性

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)研究了脉冲电沉积法制备的纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层及其纳米 SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层的组织结构、表面形貌和成分。用浸泡法和电化学极化法对比测试了纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层和纳米 SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层在3.5 wt% NaCl和5 wt% HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。研究结果表明：通过脉冲电沉积法制备的Ni-Co合金镀层和纳米SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层具有典型的纳米晶结构;随着纳米SiC颗粒的增加,复合镀层的晶粒尺寸减小,硬度增加。所制备的纳米SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层颗粒分散均匀,其在3.5 wt% NaCl和5 wt% HCl溶液中的耐蚀性均优于纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层。纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层和纳米SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层在3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率极低,表现出极好的耐腐蚀性能,而在5 wt% HCl溶液中的腐蚀形态则表现为点蚀。     

钛合金表面阴极微弧电沉积Al2O3-SiC复合涂层

通过高温烧结法在TC4钛合金表面制备了起弧阻挡层,然后采用阴极微弧电沉积工艺在TC4钛合金表面制备了Al2O3-SiC复合陶瓷涂层,重点研究了复合陶瓷涂层的制备工艺及影响因素,并采用扫描电镜、能谱仪等观测了起弧阻挡层及复合陶瓷涂层的表面微观形貌及成分组成。结果表明,阴极微弧电沉积技术能够在钛合金表面制备出Al2O3-SiC复合涂层,且起弧阻挡层至关重要,为起弧必备条件,SiC在Al2O3基体中的分散性较好,涂层较厚且分布均匀。     

镅的电沉积——电镀制源

根据电镀原理进行放射性核素电沉积已经广泛应用于核工业领域,通过电沉积制作α放射性电镀源在计量工作中也起到了不可替代的作用。这种制源方法在特定条件下可以做到定量沉积。此技术的主要影响因素和技术指标包括沉积电流的控制、电镀溶剂的选择、放射性核素最佳质量控制以及电沉积时间的选定。     

电沉积法制备碳纳米管/黑镍复合涂层的光学与结构特性

利用复合电沉积的方法在钛合金基体上成功制备出具有优异光学性能的碳纳米管／黑镍复合涂层, 并研究了复合涂层的微观形貌、光学性能以及镀液中碳纳米管浓度和电镀电流密度对光学性能的影响。实验结果表明: 相较于传统电镀方法获得的单一黑镍涂层, 复合涂层的晶粒尺寸明显减小, 形成多孔结构, 表面粗糙程度明显增加。复合涂层对300~2300 nm范围内的入射光吸收率达到98%左右, 在2.5~20 μm范围内的红外吸收率达到94%, 远远高于传统单一黑镍涂层。复合涂层的太阳吸收比会随着镀液中碳纳米管浓度与电镀电流密度的增加呈先增大后减小的变化规律。     

喷射电沉积Cu-Al2O3复合电铸层性能研究

利用喷射电沉积工艺制备了Cu-A l2O3纳米复合铸层,分析了纳米A l2O3颗粒添加量,阴极电流密度以及电铸液喷射速度对复合电铸层中纳米颗粒复合量的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)及其附带的能谱仪(EDS)对复合电铸层的微观形貌和铸层成分进行了分析,研究了复合电铸层中纳米颗粒复合量对其显微硬度的影响。结果表明,铜沉积层具有纳米晶微观结构,平均晶粒尺寸约为50 nm;纳米A l2O3颗粒在沉积层中的复合量可达14.43(at%);纳米复合铸层的显微硬度有明显提高,约为普通粗铜的10.5倍.     

采用波动法研究有限尺寸加肋L型板结构的振动特性

本文采用波动方法研究有限尺寸加肋L型板结构的振动及其抑制问题。将有限尺寸方钢平板处理成平板结构弯曲和面内运动与方钢结构的弯扭运动和轴向运动的耦合连续模型，利用波动方法分析有限尺寸加肋L型板结构任意位置的动力学响应。数值结果表明，与有限元方法相比，波动法不仅可以准确地计算有限尺寸方钢平板结构的低频振动响应，而且能有效地计算其中高频振动响应。方钢布设在两板连接处，提高其抗扭刚度可提高减振效果；方钢布设于源板沿长度方向的三分之二位置处或靠近连接处的接受板上，具有较优的减振效果。     

Study of HfO2 films prepared by ion-assisted deposition using a gridless end-hall ion source

HfO₂ thin films were deposited using e-beam gun evaporation with ion assisted deposition (IAD) of low energy oxygen ions (40–100 eV) from an end-Hall ion source. A comparison was made using Hf and HfO₂ starting materials. The index of refraction was measured as a function of the ion source voltage and compared to results without IAD. Application to high power laser mirrors was verified by measurements of laser damage thresholds at 1.06 μm.     

基于相似系数法的冷源供水温度研究

针对中华鲟保育池冷冻水系统冷源设备选型采用经济性或生态因子进行单因素比选的不足,通过相似系数法对保育池不同水温工况下的经济性和生长影响因子赋予权重,提出了统筹经济指标和生长影响因子指标的综合评价指标。分析结果表明,21℃为保育池冷冻水系统最佳供水温度,不仅满足中华鲟生长对水温的要求,经济性也较好。将基于相似系数法的权重确定方法应用于保育池冷源供水温度的比选,提高了比选的客观性,对其他涉及主观性评价指标的方案比选具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于Chebyshev-变分法的复杂开口形状矩形薄板弯曲振动特性分析

针对复杂开口形状的矩形薄板弯曲振动问题,提出一种基于Chebyshev-变分原理的建模方法,建立弹性边界条件下不同开口形状矩形薄板弯曲振动模型。采用边界约束因子模拟弹性边界条件,视开口部分为一种物理属性为零的特殊薄膜。将板的横向位移展开成双重Chebyshev多项式级数形式,建立薄板的拉格朗日泛函,利用变分法推导薄板的特征方程并求得固有频率及对应振型。开展开口薄板模态试验研究,对比理论计算结果与试验结果及有限元结果,验证该方法及模型的准确性和有效性。研究边界约束和开口形状对弯曲振动特性的影响。结果表明:开口形状对结构低阶固有频率影响较小,对高阶固有频率影响较大;开口形状的改变对结构奇数阶固有频率的影响大于对偶数阶固有频率的影响。     

The boundary-element method for the determination of a heat source dependent on one variable

This paper investigates the inverse problem of determining a heat source in the parabolic heat equation using the usual conditions of the direct problem and a supplementary condition, called an overdetermination. In this problem, if the heat source is taken to be space-dependent only, then the overdetermination is the temperature measurement at a given single instant, whilst if the heat source is time-dependent only, then the overdetermination is the transient temperature measurement recorded by a single thermocouple installed in the interior of the heat conductor. These measurements ensure that the inverse problem has a unique solution, but this solution is unstable, hence the problem is ill-posed. This instability is overcome using the Tikhonov regularization method with the discrepancy principle or the L-curve criterion for the choice of the regularization parameter. The boundary-element method (BEM) is developed for solving numerically the inverse problem and numerical results for some benchmark test examples are obtained and discussed     

回转体表面喷射电沉积Ni-P-ZrO2复合镀层耐腐蚀性能研究

为延长回转体零件的使用寿命,提高其耐腐蚀性能,本文利用喷射电沉积技术在45钢外圆表面制备Ni-P合金镀层和Ni-P-ZrO₂复合镀层,采用扫描电镜、腐蚀失重法和电化学测试分析等测试手段对Ni-P-ZrO₂复合镀层、Ni-P合金镀层和45钢基体在50 g/L NaCl溶液中的表面形貌和耐腐蚀性能进行研究,并探究腐蚀机理。研究表明:Ni-P-ZrO₂镀层相对Ni-P镀层表面致密度更高,缺陷较少;浸泡相同时间, Ni-P-ZrO₂镀层的失重量最小,腐蚀速率最小;电化学测试实验中,Ni-P-ZrO₂复合镀层的腐蚀电流最低(43.2×10^-5 A/cm²),共沉积ZrO₂颗粒后,Ni-P-ZrO₂复合镀层容抗弧半径更大,极化电阻值R_p增大为Ni-P合金的3倍,双层电容值C_d由4.743 8 μF/cm²降低为3.887 2 μF/cm²。在相同条件下腐蚀后,Ni-P-ZrO₂复合镀层的表面较为完好,腐蚀产物较少;Ni-P合金次之,有较多黑色腐蚀产物;45钢表面形貌最差。综上,采用喷射电沉积在回转体表面制备的Ni-P-ZrO₂复合镀层相对Ni-P合金镀层和45钢基体表现出更优良的耐腐蚀性能。     

Characterization of Bi2S3 nanorods and nano-structured flowers prepared by a hydrothermal method

Bismuth sulfide nanorods and nano-structured flowers were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and thiourea solutions, containing 1 and 2 ml of 65% HNO₃, respectively. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM), the products were specified as orthorhombic Bi₂S₃ in the shapes of nanorods and flower-like clusters of nanorods, with the growth of nanorods in the [001] direction. A diffraction pattern was also simulated, and was in good accordance with the SAED pattern obtained from the experiment.     

Effect of Y3+ codoping on luminescence decays of the 4I13/2 level in Er3+-doped Al2O3 powders prepared by a sol-gel method

The luminescence lifetime of the 0.01 mol.%-0.1 mol.% Er³⁺- and 0–20 mol.% Y³⁺-codoped Al₂O₃ powders prepared at a sintering temperature of 900°C in a non-aqueous sol-gel method has been investigated to explore the enhanced mechanism of photoluminescence properties of the Er³⁺-doped Al₂O₃ by Y³⁺ codoping. For the 0.1 mol.% Er³⁺-Y³⁺-codoped Al₂O₃ powders, the measured lifetime of Er³⁺ gradually increases with increasing Y³⁺ concentration. Consequently, codoping with 20 mol.% Y³⁺ leads to an increase in the measured lifetime from 3.5 to 5.8 ms. By comparing the measured lifetime for different Er³⁺ concentrations in the Al₂O₃ powders, the radiative lifetime of both the Er³⁺-doped and the Er³⁺-Y³⁺-codoped Al₂O₃ powders is estimated to be about 7.5 ms. Infrared absorption spectra indicate that Y³⁺ codoping does not change the-OH content in the Er³⁺-Y³⁺-codoped Al₂O₃ powders. The prolonged luminescence lifetime of the ⁴I_13/2 level of Er³⁺ in Er³⁺-doped Al₂O₃ powders by Y³⁺ codoping is ascribed to the decrease in the energy transfer rate between the Er³⁺ ions and the Er³⁺ and -OH, respectively, due to the suppressed interaction between Er³⁺ ions.     

Highly enhanced luminescence of SrB4O7:Eu phosphor prepared by the combustion method using glycine as fuel

Eu²⁺ ion doped into SrB₄O₇ matrix was prepared by combustion method heated at 900 °C in air, using urea (U) or glycine (G) as fuels in different ratios (U100, A10, A25, G10, G25, G75, and G100). In some compositions, ammonium acetate (AA) was used to reduce the exothermicity of combustion reaction. X-ray diffraction and luminescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the material. The high intense emission band at 367 nm is assigned to 4f⁶5d → 4f⁷(⁸S_7/2) transition arisen from divalent europium ion. It is observed that the interconfigurational transition is dependent on the molar ratio of glycine:urea fuels. Glycine fuel favors Eu²⁺ formation in SrB₄O₇ host lattice prepared by combustion method.     

Economical synthesis of Al2O3 nanopowder using a precipitation method

Al₂O₃ nanopowder was synthesized by the precipitation method using inexpensive AlCl₃·6H₂O and Al powder as raw materials. The dried precipitate was heat treated in the range of 60-1200 °C. The influence of heat treatment on crystallization and phase transformation of the precipitate was investigated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that the particle size of the powders lies between 30 and 95 nm.